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91.
Teruo SANO Tetsuya KOBAYASHI Akira ISHIGURO Yoshie MOTOMURA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(1):68-70
Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (GYSVd 1) was first detected in Japan from commercial grapevines. The viroid seems to be
spreading in Japanese commercial vineyards but without causing noticeable disease symptoms. Two Japanese GYSVd 1 isolates
from the cultivars Campbell and Steuben were sequenced. The Campbell isolate is included in the type 2 variant of GYSVd 1,
and the Steuben isolate is included in the type 3. Both of the isolates were grouped into the yellow speckle-inducing variants
in the nucleotide sequence ; however, the etiological importance of this viroid on the viticulture of Japan has not yet been
determined.
Received 14 June 1999/ Accepted in revised form 25 August 1999 相似文献
92.
93.
Yohsuke OGAWA Masahiro EGUCHI Yoshihiro SHIMOJI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(4):538
Akabane virus (AKAV), belonging to the genus Orthobunyavirus and family Peribunyaviridae, causes reproductive and congenital abnormalities in ruminants. Its envelope glycoprotein Gc is a neutralizing antigen, on which at least five distinct antigenic regions have been identified. We attempted to identify the domains using truncated recombinant AKAV Gc proteins expressed in Escherichia coli and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with AKAV-neutralizing activity. Dot blot analysis revealed that amino acid positions 1–97 and 189–397 (Gc1–97 and Gc189–397) in the truncated recombinant proteins reacted with the mAbs. Additionally, AKAV was neutralized by sera from mice immunized with these recombinant proteins. The results suggested that the two domains contain neutralizing epitopes and could be potential subunit vaccines against AKAV. 相似文献
94.
Taiki KIDA Arisa YAMAZAKI Koji KOBAYASHI Tatsuro NAKAMURA Takayuki NAKAGAWA Ryohei NISHIMURA Takahisa MURATA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(5):644
Polyunsaturated fatty acids, including arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are converted to hundreds of lipid mediators by cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP), or through non-enzymatic processes, and they reflect inflammatory states of the body. We comprehensively analyzed lipid metabolites in dog urine using a liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to describe their metabolic characteristics. We detected 31 AA-derived metabolites, four EPA-derived metabolites, and a DHA-derived metabolite in all urine samples. Among AA-derived metabolites, 15, 5, 3, and 8 were generated by COX, LOX, CYP, and non-enzymatic oxidation respectively. This study will be the first step to use profiles of urinary lipid metabolites for better understanding and diagnosis of canine diseases. 相似文献
95.
Masaya KATSUMATA Mitsuhito MATSUMOTO Shu-ichi KOBAYASHI Yuji KAJI 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(3):347-353
The present study was conducted to elucidate the effects of dietary lysine levels on the proportion of oxidative muscle fibers in porcine muscle. Two 6-week-old barrows from each of five litters were used. Each littermate was assigned to one of two diets, control (lysine content: 1.16%) or low lysine (LL) diet (lysine content: 0.73%). The diets were iso-energetic and iso-protein, and contained all essential amino acids (apart from lysine) in the recommended amounts. The pigs were fed these diets for 3 weeks. Citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.4) activity in longissimus dorsi and rhomboideus muscles was higher in the LL group ( P < 0.05). In both muscles, pigs fed the LL diet had a higher proportion of muscle fiber with activities of reduced nicotinic amide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.5.3, P < 0.01). The abundance of mRNA of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α in rhomboideus muscle was higher in the LL group ( P < 0.05), and those of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 were higher in both longissimus dorsi and rhomboideus muscles in the LL group ( P < 0.05). We conclude that reduced intake of dietary lysine enhances proportion of oxidative muscle fiber, and hence oxidative capacity of porcine muscle. 相似文献
96.
Hidehisa YAMANO Satoshi KOIKE Yasuo KOBAYASHI Hiroshi HATA 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(2):234-242
The analysis of 16S rDNA sequence of bacteria in feces of Hokkaido native horses and light horses were performed to compare the hindgut microbiota between the two breeds. One hundred and four bacterial 16S rDNA clones (57 clones from four native horses and 47 clones from two light horses) were obtained. Only four sequences (3.8% of total sequences) showed 97% or more similarity to known species. The sequences were mainly affiliated with Cytophaga–Flavobacter–Bacteroides and low GC Gram‐positive bacteria (LGCGP). Proportion of LGCGP was higher in light horses. Other phyla including Verrucomicrobia, Spirochaetes and Archaea were detected only for native horses, suggesting high diversity of microbiota in native horses. In LGCGP, clusters related to known cellulolytic species were found only for native horses, while a cluster related to soluble sugar‐utilizing species was detected only for light horses. The library composition‐comparing software LIBSHUFF showed significant (P < 0.05) difference of fecal microbiota between the horse breeds. The number of Fibrobacter succinogenes‐related sequence and the frequency of detection of novel groups were found to be higher in native horses by selective amplification analysis. The results suggest that genetic diversity and population size of the F. succinogenes group are higher in the hindgut of native horses. 相似文献
97.
Flight and avoidance reactions from human were examined using 168 postweaning
Thoroughbred foals in 22 breeding farms. Further 114 yearlings of 168 foals were tested in
the following summer. The foal handlings by the stabler were asked in questionnaire. The
relationship between the behavioural reactions and the foal handling frequencies was
analyzed. The flight reaction was estimated as the distance from the animal to a stranger
when the animal began to flight away from his approach. The avoidance scores were set up
from (1) (not resistant) to (5) (touch rejection) from human touching. In the stabler
questionnaire, handling frequencies of “body brushing”, “rectal temperature measurement”,
“hoof cleaning”, and “stall cleaning” in the early nursing period were asked. The handling
frequencies were scored from (1) (not done) to (5) (every day). In the preliminary test, a
measurement reliability of the flight distance and the avoidance score was confirmed. The
mean flight distances were 0.56 m and 0.27 m in the postweaning foals and the yearlings,
respectively. Touch-avoidance scores of the highest frequency were (3) and (2) in the
postweaning foals and the yearlings, respectively. As the results of Spearman’s
rank-correlation analysis, “body brushing” showed highly negative relationships with
“flight distance” (ρ=–0.31, P<0.001) and “avoidance score” (ρ=–0.37, P<0.001) in the
postweaning foals. In the yearlings, “hoof cleaning” also showed significantly negative
relationships with these behavioural indices (ρ=–0.24, P<0.01; ρ=–0.22, P<0.01,
respectively). 相似文献
98.
Natsuki KASUYA Qin XU Yoshinao KOBAYASHI Kiyoharu FUKUDA Osamu ENISHI Kenji IIYAMA Hisao ITABASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(2):200-209
Four tropical and four temperate grasses were subjected to nylon bag fiber degradation study with fistulated Holstein cattle as well as in vitro digestion with broad spectrum cellulase, and the degradability of cell wall carbohydrate and lignin for the respective forage grasses were determined. The degradability of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber for the same plant materials appeared to be similar, but that of acid detergent lignin was constantly lower. As for the plant materials used in the present study, Italian ryegrass, orchardgrass and guineagrass showed high degradability of fibers in nylon bag incubation, while setaria, cogongrass and wheat showed smaller degradability. In both nylon bag incubation and in vitro digestion experiments, the forage samples showing relatively lower degradability exhibited notably lower disappearance of xylose than that of glucose or arabinose. It was also observed that dry matter degradability correlated negatively with the initial content of esterified and/or etherified p‐coumaric acid. These results were assumed to be caused by the difference in resistance towards rumen microbial degradation due to the concentration of lignin‐carbohydrate complex. 相似文献
99.
Tetsuo Tamura Kazunori Inoue Hideto Nishiki Masafumi Sakata Makoto Seki Teruaki Koga Yoshihiro Ookubo Kazuhiro Akutsu Say Sato Kouichi Saitou Hikari Shinohara Terumi Kuraisi Hiroshi Kajikawa Mitsunori Kurihara 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(1):62-70
We evaluated the influence on milk production of feeding early lactation cows a diet that included 14.5% crude protein (CP) and that did not meet methionine (Met) requirements or that met them by supplying rumen‐protected Met (RPMet). Thirty‐nine multiparous Holstein cows were allocated into two groups. For 15 weeks after calving, each group was fed one of the two total mixed rations, Control (n = 20) or Treatment (n = 19). The Treatment group received added RPMet at 0.034% (8 g/day) of the Control diet on dry matter basis. The adequacies of Met for the Control and Treatment groups were 96% and 106%, respectively, and for other amino acids, >110%. The CP level (14.5%) was 1 percentage point lower than that recommended by the Japanese Feeding Standard (2006). No between‐group differences were found in milk yield (40 kg/day), milk composition, plasma profile, rumen fermentation, nitrogen balance, or cow health. Met intake and the amount of rumen‐undegradable feed Met were higher in the Treatment group (p < 0.05). Microbial Met and total metabolizable Met did not differ between groups. Supplying RPMet in a 14.5% CP diet during early lactation did not dramatically affect milk production, because the amount of total metabolizable Met was unchanged. 相似文献
100.
Occurrence of New Powdery Mildew on Greenhouse Tomato Cultivars 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yoshinori MATSUDA Koichi KASHIMOTO Yoshihiro TAKIKAWA Rika AIKAMI Teruo NONOMURA Hideyoshi TOYODA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(4):294-298
During a year-round survey on the occurrence of powdery mildew on greenhouse-cultivated tomato plants, the disease was most
severe in June and July. All tomato plants (45 commercial cultivars and 11 breeding lines) tested were infected with the pathogen
but had different degrees of susceptibility. The pathogen was epiphytic and produced white, round pustules mainly on leaves
of tomato plants. The pathogen produced conidia singly on conidiophores and forked appressoria on inoculated tomato leaves
and seemed to be an Oidium sp. of Erysiphe polygoni type.
Received 18 December 2000/ Accepted in revised form 22 July 2001 相似文献