Erratum to: Purification and characterization of a lectin from the starfish Asterias amurensis     

Yoshitaka Imamichi  Yoshihiro Yokoyama 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(6):1015-1015

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Curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) suppress an increase in blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice     

Nishiyama T  Mae T  Kishida H  Tsukagawa M  Mimaki Y  Kuroda M  Sashida Y  Takahashi K  Kawada T  Nakagawa K  Kitahara M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(4):959-963

Turmeric, the rhizome of Curcuma longa L., has a wide range of effects on human health. The chemistry includes curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids as components, which are known to have antioxidative, anticarcinogenic, and antiinflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of three turmeric extracts on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic KK-A(y) mice (6 weeks old, n = 5/group). These turmeric extracts were obtained by ethanol extraction (E-ext) to yield both curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids, hexane extraction (H-ext) to yield sesquiterpenoids, and ethanol extraction from hexane-extraction residue (HE-ext) to yield curcuminoids. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the other groups were fed a diet containing 0.1 or 0.5 g of H-ext or HE-ext/100 g of diet or 0.2 or 1.0 g of E-ext/100 g of diet for 4 weeks. Although blood glucose levels in the control group significantly increased (P < 0.01) after 4 weeks, feeding of 0.2 or 1.0 g of E-ext, 0.5 g of H-ext, and 0.5 g of HE-ext/100 g of diet suppressed the significant increase in blood glucose levels. Furthermore, E-ext stimulated human adipocyte differentiation, and these turmeric extracts had human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand-binding activity in a GAL4-PPAR-gamma chimera assay. Also, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and ar-turmerone had PPAR-gamma ligand-binding activity. These results indicate that both curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids in turmeric exhibit hypoglycemic effects via PPAR-gamma activation as one of the mechanisms, and suggest that E-ext including curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids has the additive or synergistic effects of both components.  相似文献   

Study on Sampling Method of Rainfall, Throughfall, and Stemflow to Monitor the Effect of Acid Deposition on Forest Ecosystem     

Motonori Tamaki  Takatoshi Hiraki  Yoshihiro Nakagawa  Tomiki Kobayashi  Masahide Aikawa  Mitsuru Shoga 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):1511-1516

The use of samplers for rainfall, throughfall, and stemflow was studied in Chamaecyparis obtusa forest in Kobe to develop a suitable simplified collection method for long-term monitoring of the effect of acid deposition on the forest ecosystem. A filtrating bulk sampler, widely used in Japan due to its convenience, was modified for rainfall- and throughfall-sampling. The pH value, NH₄ ⁺- and NO₃ ^?- concns. did not change within a two-week sampling period, and the collection efficiency of the modified type relative to the wet/dry sampler was 97% (mean). The three samplers (shampoo-hat, vinyl chloride tube, and gauze type) were used for stemflow sampling. Collection efficiency of the samplers was in the order of shampoo-hat> vinyl chloride tube> gauze and that of the gauze type varied significantly with rainfall condition.  相似文献   

Inhibitory effect of natto,a kind of fermented soybeans,on LDL oxidation in vitro     

Iwai K  Nakaya N  Kawasaki Y  Matsue H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(12):3592-3596

The oxygen radical scavenging activity of natto (fermented soybeans) and its inhibitory effect on the oxidation of rat plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in vitro were investigated to evaluate the usefulness of the antioxidant properties of natto, which has been shown to have antioxidant activity. Natto was separated into three water-soluble fractions: high-molecular-weight viscous substance (HMWVS; Mw > 100 000), low-molecular-weight viscous substance (LMWVS; Mw < 100 000), and soybean water extract (SWE). LMWVS had the strongest radical scavenging activity for hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals, as assessed by electron spin resonance. The increase of conjugated dienes in LDL oxidized by copper and an azo pigment was depressed by the addition of LMWVS and SWE. These results demonstrate that natto fractions have inhibitory effects on LDL oxidation as a result of their radical scavenging activity.  相似文献   

Effect of the long-term application of organic matter on soil carbon accumulation and GHG emissions from a rice paddy field in a cool-temperate region,Japan-II. Effect of different compost applications-     

Fumiaki Takakai  Keiko Hatakeyama  Mizuhiko Nishida  Takashi Sato  Yoshihiro Kaneta 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2020,66(1):96-105

ABSTRACT

The influence of long-term application of different types of compost on rice grain yield, CH₄ and N₂O emissions, and soil carbon storage (0 ? 30 cm) in rice paddy fields was clarified. Two sets of paddy fields applied with rice straw compost or livestock manure compost mainly derived from cattle were used in this study. Each set comprised long-term application (LT) and corresponding control (CT) plots. The application rates for rice straw compost (42 years) and livestock manure compost (41 years in total with different application rates) were 20 Mg fresh weight ha^–1. Soil carbon storage increased by 33% and 37% with long-term application of rice straw compost and livestock manure compost, respectively. The soil carbon sequestration rate by the organic matter application was 23% higher with the livestock manure compost than with the rice straw compost. The rice grain yield in the LT plot was significantly higher than that in the corresponding CT plot with both types of compost. Although the difference was not significant in the rice straw compost, cumulative CH₄ emissions increased with long-term application of both composts. Increase rate of CH₄ emission with long-term application was higher in the livestock manure compost (99%) than that in the rice straw compost (26%). In both composts, the long-term application did not increase N₂O emission significantly. As with the rice straw compost, the increase in CH₄ emission with the long-term application of livestock manure compost exceeded the soil carbon sequestration rate, and the change in the net greenhouse gas (GHG) balance calculated by the difference between them was positive, indicating a net increase in the GHG emissions. The increase in CH₄ and net GHG emissions owing to the long-term application of the livestock manure compost could be higher than that of the rice straw compost owing to the amount of applied carbon, the quality of compost and the soil carbon accumulation. The possibility that carbon sequestration in the subsoil differs depending on the type of composts suggests the importance of including subsoil in the evaluation of soil carbon sequestration by long-term application of organic matter.  相似文献   

Effect of light intensity on diurnal differences in the supply of cell wall components to the innermost surface of developing S<Subscript>2</Subscript> layers of tracheids in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis>     

Yoshihiro Hosoo  Masato Yoshida  Hiroyuki Yamamoto 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(5):345-351

We investigated the effect of light intensity on diurnal differences in secondary wall formation of tracheids. Saplings of Cryptomeria japonica were grown in growth chambers with light intensity cycles set for 12-h high light: 12-h low light by combining two of four light intensity levels: 1.5, 2.8, 4.3, and 10.0 klx. Volumetric changes of differentiating cells were monitored by measuring the tangential strain on the inner bark surface, and the innermost surface of developing secondary walls of differentiating tracheids during the high-light and low-light periods was observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Changes in the aspects of the innermost surface of developing secondary walls and the tangential strain corresponded to changes in the light intensity level. Cellulose microfibrils were clearly observed when the light intensity was high (10.0 or 4.3 klx) and the volume of differentiating cells was low, while abundant amorphous material was observed when the light intensity was lowest (1.5 klx) and the cells were turgid, regardless of the light intensity cycle. These results suggest that the diurnal periodicity in the supply of cell wall components to developing secondary walls is associated with changes in light intensity during the photoperiodic cycle.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">rpoD</Emphasis> gene expression as an indicator of bacterial pathogens in host plants     

Mari Narusaka  Tomonori Shiraishi  Masaki Iwabuchi  Yoshihiro Narusaka 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2011,77(2):75-80

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Genetic characterization and susceptibility on poultry and mammal of H7N6 subtype avian influenza virus isolated in Japan in 2009     

Uchida Y  Kanehira K  Mase M  Takemae N  Watanabe C  Usui T  Fujimoto Y  Ito T  Igarashi M  Ito K  Takada A  Sakoda Y  Okamatsu M  Yamamoto Y  Nakamura K  Kida H  Hiromoto Y  Tsuda T  Saito T 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,147(1-2):1-10

From February to March 2009, six strains of H7N6 subtype avian influenza virus were isolated from quails in three farms in Aichi prefecture in Japan. The isolates were shown to be low pathogenic for chicken by the examination performed using the "Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines" by World organisation for Animal Health (OIE). The deduced amino acid sequence at the cleavage site was PE (I/Q/L) PKRR (nucleotide sequences were cct gaa (a/c) (t/a) a cc (a/g) aaa aga aga), suggesting persistence in domestic poultry for some time. The direct putative ancestor strain could not be elucidated by phylogenetic analysis of all genome segments of the quail isolates. Diverged date from a putative common ancestor in a non-rooted phylogenetic tree among quail viruses was estimated between March 2002 and July 2004. Three putative N-linked glycosylation sites resided in the vicinity of the receptor binding pocket of HA1 region. They are considered to decrease the reactivity of neutralizing antibody against the virus. Experiments for the infectivity and pathogenicity of a quail strain to poultry indicated that the quail isolate had higher infectivity to quails than chickens and ducks. Direct and dust-borne and/or droplet-borne transmissions among quail were proven in quails with and without direct contact with experimentally infected quails. The virus is seldom transmitted among chickens either directly or indirectly, and indirect transmission from infected quails to chickens was not observed. The pathogenicity of the quail strain for mammalian, pig and mouse was low, although it could replicate in those animals.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) as a screening method for the detection of influenza viruses in the fecal materials of water birds   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yoshida H  Sakoda Y  Endo M  Motoshima M  Yoshino F  Yamamoto N  Okamatsu M  Soejima T  Senba S  Kanda H  Kida H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(6):753-758

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Spontaneous vacuolar degeneration of the thyroid follicular epithelium in cynomolgus monkeys     

Hatakeyama H  Takei Y  Cruz Y  Miyoshi S  Watanabe J  Koizumi H  Shimoi A  Satoh H 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2011,24(4):229-232

Vacuolar degeneration of the thyroid follicular epithelium was observed in two untreated female cynomolgus monkeys assigned to control groups. In light microscopy, large vacuoles containing a homogenous substance occupied the basal region of the epithelium, and the nuclei had shifted toward the apical region. The vacuoles showed negative reactions to PAS and thyroglobulin. Electron microscopic observation revealed dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum corresponding to the vacuoles. The plasma TSH, T3 and T4 levels determined for the samples kept frozen were within the normal ranges, suggesting that the thyroid function was kept intact.  相似文献