Occurrence of blueberry mosaic associated virus in highbush blueberry trees with blueberry mosaic disease in Japan     

Masamichi Isogai  Yurie Matsuhashi  Kenshu Suzuki  Satoru Yashima  Manabu Watanabe  Nobuyuki Yoshikawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2016,82(3):177-179

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Preface     

Mitsuo Matsumoto  Hiroyasu Oka 《Journal of Forest Research》2016,21(5):197-198

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Allelopathy assessments for the environmental biosafety of the salt-tolerant transgenic Eucalyptus camaldulensis, genotypes codA12-5B, codA 12-5C, and codA 20C     

Akira Kikuchi  Xiang Yu  Takayoshi Shimazaki  Akiyoshi Kawaoka  Hiroyasu Ebinuma  Kazuo N. Watanabe 《Journal of Wood Science》2009,55(2):149-153

Allelopathy tests were conducted on salt-tolerant transgenic eucalyptus trees conferring bacterial codA gene in the designated net-house conditions under Type II use (contained use) of the Japanese law on environmental biosafety aiming for Type I (field use) application. Three transgenic and corresponding nontransgenic genotypes were employed for four different tests: (1) sandwich bioassay; (2) soil germination method; (3) gas chromatography (GC) for volatile substances from the plants; and (4) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on phenolic compounds from fresh leaves, which are the primary allelopathic substances on the species. The simple approaches, the bioassays, indicated no significant difference between the transgenic and nongenetically modified genotypes. There was no qualitative difference between the transgenic and nontransgenic lines by GC or HPLC. Absence of any quantitative difference was suggested by repetitive examination and subsequent analysis of variance assessments with the chromatographic methods and bioassays. Moreover, it was also indicated that bioassays should be the primary assessment method for allelopathy in considering the simplicity, speed, low cost, and reproducibility of these methods. Overall, substantial equivalence was considered on the three transgenic genotypes with codA gene when compared with the nontransgenic Eucalyptus camaldulensis lines. The experiments supported the application to isolated field testing of the transgenic Eucalyptus camaldulensis genotypes as the first case and experience in Japanese regulatory approval processes Type I Use for the deliberate release to the environment.  相似文献   

Genomic RNA accumulation of gentian ovary ring-spot virus and raspberry bushy dwarf virus in pollen tubes     

Masamichi Isogai  Youhei Suzuki  Takanori Matsudaira  Nobuyuki Yoshikawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(5):376-380

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Apple necrotic mosaic virus,a novel ilarvirus from mosaic-diseased apple trees in Japan and China     

Hiroki Noda  Noriko Yamagishi  Hajime Yaegashi  Fei Xing  Jipeng Xie  Shifang Li  Tao Zhou  Tsutae Ito  Nobuyuki Yoshikawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2017,83(2):83-90

The causal agent of apple mosaic disease has been previously thought to be solely caused by apple mosaic virus (ApMV). In this study, we report that a novel ilarvirus is also associated with apple mosaic disease. Next-generation sequencing analysis of an apple tree showing mosaic symptoms revealed that the tree was infected with three apple latent viruses (apple stem pitting virus, apple stem grooving virus, and apple chlorotic leaf spot virus) and a novel ilarvirus (given the name apple necrotic mosaic virus (ApNMV)) that is closely related to Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) and ApMV. The genome of ApNMV consists of RNA1 (3378 nt), RNA2 (2767 nt), and RNA3 (1956 nt). A phylogenetic analysis based on the coat protein amino acid sequences indicated that the novel virus belongs to the same subgroup 3 of the genus Ilarvirus as PNRSV and ApMV. The presence of mosaic leaves, which tend to be unevenly distributed in diseased apple trees, was correlated with the internal distribution of ApNMV. RT-PCR detection of mosaic-diseased apple trees in Japan indicated that ApNMV was detected in apple trees introduced from China, whereas ApMV was detected from cultivated apple trees in domestic orchards. Consistent with these findings, a survey of mosaic-diseased apple trees in major apple-producing provinces in China revealed that the majority of apple trees showing mosaic symptoms in China are infected with ApNMV.  相似文献   

Influence of saltwater wedges on irrigation water near a river estuary     

Liu  Haisheng  Yoshikawa  Natsuki  Miyazu  Susumu  Watanabe  Kouhei 《Paddy and Water Environment》2015,13(2):179-189

Paddy and Water Environment - Paddy fields irrigated using water from the Shinkawa River in Niigata, Japan, are subject to adverse effects associated with the occurrence of saltwater wedges in the...  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variability of unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacteria in the eastern Seto Inland Sea     

Ryoya Hashimoto  Hiroyasu Watai  Kazutaka Miyahara  Yoshihiko Sako  Takashi Yoshida 《Fisheries Science》2016,82(3):459-471

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Use of live and dead probiotic cells in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Yousuke Taoka  Hiroto Maeda  Jae-Yoon Jo  Su-Mi Kim  Soo-Il Park  Takeshi Yoshikawa  Taizo Sakata 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(4):755-766

ABSTRACT:   To investigate the effect of live and dead probiotic cells on the non-specific immune system of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus , probiotics were introduced by feeding either in the form of live or dead cells, or supplying live cells to the rearing water in a closed recirculating system. The probiotics treatment enhanced non-specific immune parameters such as lysozyme activity, migration of neutrophils and plasma bactericidal activity, resulting in improvement of resistance to Edwardsiella tarda infection. Especially, oral administration of live cells seemed to be more effective compared with other probiotic treatments such as oral administration of dead probiotic cells and supply of live probiotic cells to the rearing water. These results indicate that probiotics treatment is promising as an alternative method to antibiotics for disease prevention in aquaculture, and the viability of probiotic bacteria is a key factor to induce more potential effect of probiotics used for fish production.  相似文献   

Comparison of extractive components in muscle and liver of three Loliginidae squids with those of one Ommastrephidae species     

Yoko Kani  Naoko Yoshikawa  Shigeru Okada  Hiroki Abe 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(4):940-949

Extractive components were determined for the mantle muscle and liver of three species of Loliginidae squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana, Loligo bleekeri, and L. edulis, and one species of Ommastrephidae, Todarodes pacificus, as a control. Total free amino acid levels and the major free amino acids in muscle, taurine, proline, glycine, alanine, and arginine, were significantly higher in Loliginidae squids than in T. pacificus. The main nucleotide was adenosine 5′-monophosphate, which did not differ significantly between species. Malate was the organic acid found in muscle in highest concentrations. The muscle of these species contained a large amount of trimethylamine oxide. A large amount of glycine betaine was also detected in the muscle, but showed no large species difference. From these results, the muscle of Loliginidae species is considered to have a much sweeter taste than that of T. pacificus. Compared with muscle, squid liver was characteristic with high contents of taurine, glutamate, bitter amino acids, succinate, propionate, trimethylamine, and glycine betaine, and with low contents of sweet amino acids, arginine, nucleotides, malate, and trimethylamine oxide. These results suggest that squid liver is characterized by a complicated taste containing umami, bitterness, sourness, fishy flavor, and less sweetness.  相似文献   

Villous hypoplasia of small intestine in neonatal foals     

M Oikawa  T Yoshihara  M Kaneko  T Yoshikawa 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1990,52(4):855-858

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