Contributions of salmon-derived nitrogen to riparian vegetation in the northwest Pacific region     

Akiko Nagasaka  Yu Nagasaka  Kinuko Ito  Tsutomu Mano  Masami Yamanaka  Atushi Katayama  Yoshikazu Sato  Andrey L. Grankin  Andrey I. Zdorikov  Gennady A. Boronov 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(5):377-382

We examined the relationship between the annual escapement of salmon and the δ ¹⁵N of willow (Salix spp.) leaves to evaluate the contribution of marine-derived nutrients (MDN) to riparian vegetation around the Pacific Northwest and Northeast regions. Foliar δ ¹⁵N values ranged from −3.42‰ to 4.65‰. The value increased with increasing density of carcasses up to 500 fish/km and 1500 fish/km. δ ¹⁵N values were variable at carcass densities below 500 fish/km. Possible factors affecting the fluctuation of δ ¹⁵N at reference sites are: (1) denitrification; (2) the presence of N₂-fixing trees, such as alder; and (3) agricultural runoff. δ ¹⁵N values at the sites with carcass densities over 500 fish/km were consistently high, while a value of δ ¹⁵N below zero was observed at only one site (Rusha River; δ ¹⁵N = −1.87‰). At this site, most adult pink salmon returned to limited locations near the estuary because steeper channel gradients acted as a migration barrier, resulting in the negative δ ¹⁵N value. Nevertheless, we concluded that our results showed evidence of the feedback of MDN to terrestrial vegetation, although the use of the δ ¹⁵N value as a terrestrial end member at spawning sites is limited. If the relationship between the enrichment index, which is expressed as the values using a mixing model, and salmon abundance was estimated, the availability of MDN in riparian ecosystems could possibly be evaluated and will lead to the establishment of escapement goals. An erratum to this article is available at .  相似文献   

Influence of osmotic pressure on somatic embryo maturation in Pinus densiflora     

Mariko Shoji  Hidenori Sato  Remi Nakagawa  Ryo Funada  Takafumi Kubo  Shinjiro Ogita 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(6):449-453

The effect of an osmoticum, polyethylene glycol (PEG), on somatic embryo production was examined using embryogenic cells of Pinus densiflora. In the basal medium containing 30 μM abscisic acid and 6% maltose, the quality of the embryos formed was poor even though somatic embryos were produced. The addition of PEG with molecular weight of 4000 or 8000 significantly enhanced the development of both the quality and quantity of somatic embryos. Furthermore, higher levels of a constant osmotic pressure with PEG 8000 in a range from about 300 to 450 mmol/kg could remarkably enhance the morphogenesis of somatic embryos and their number of embryos produced. A higher stable osmotic pressure with an appropriate molecular weight of PEG is a key factor for the production of good quality somatic embryos in P. densiflora.  相似文献   

Effect of heat on cambial reactivation during winter dormancy in evergreen and deciduous conifers     

Oribe Y  Kubo T 《Tree physiology》1997,17(2):81-87

Responses of cambium to warming were recorded three times (December 14-27, 1990, January 18-February 3 and February 27-March 13, 1991) on 14-year-old Cryptomeria japonica D. Don and four times (December 12-26, 1990, January 18-February 2, February 26-March 12 and March 28-April 13, 1991) on 27-year-old Larix leptolepis Gord., during a period of winter cambial dormancy. Stem surfaces at breast height, mid-tree height and the crown base were warmed to 25-30 degrees C for 2 weeks. After heat treatment, cambia in the treated regions and in untreated regions 1 m above each treated area were examined by optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In C. japonica, heat treatment often resulted in cambial reactivation in the treated regions, and this response to heat gradually increased as the dormant season passed from winter to spring. Conversely, in L. leptolepis, no cell division was observed in the cambial region of warmed stems until natural resumption of cambial activity, which occurred after bud break.  相似文献   

Effects of griseoviridin and viridogrisein against swine dysentery in experimental infection by using mice and pigs     

Asano T  Adachi Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(6):555-560

Griseoviridin, a known antibiotic produced by Streptomyces cacaoi subsp. cacaoi, was found to be active against Brachyspira hyodysenteriae--the bacterium causing swine dysentery. An in vitro synergism is observed when it is used in combination with viridogrisein--a simultaneously produced antibiotic. In mouse experiments, the effect of griseoviridin alone was less than that of lincomycin--a commercially available swine dysentery medication. However, a 1:1 mixture of griseoviridin and viridogrisein revealed a noticeable synergistic effect. In an evaluation using pigs artificially infected with B. hyodysenteriae, a large difference was not observed between the effect of griseoviridin alone and that in combination with viridogrisein. Nevertheless, griseoviridin alone exhibited a therapeutic effect superior to that of lincomycin.  相似文献   

Carrier rate of Factor XI deficiency in stunted Japanese black cattle     

Watanabe D  Hirano T  Sugimoto Y  Ogata Y  Abe S  Ando T  Ohtsuka H  Kunieda T  Kawamura S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(12):1251-1255

Blood examinations and genotyping of Factor XI (F11) were performed in growth retardation Japanese Black cattle and their dams. Genotyping of F11 revealed that the recessive homozygous and heterozygous genotype frequencies were 5.2% and 50.0% in the Claudin-16 (CL-16) deficiency group (n=58), 0% and 14.2% in the renal dysplasia group (n=7), 0% and 26.1% in the non-CL-16 deficiency nephritis group (n=23), 8.9% and 46.7% in the hypogenesis syndrome group (n=45), 6.2% and 25.0% in the neonatal weak calf syndrome group (n=32), 9.1% and 38.6% in the respective dams group (n=44), 0% and 23.1% in the normal cattle group (n=13), and 5.9% and 38.2% in total (n=222), respectively. These results showed that the carrier rate of F11 deficiency was high in Japanese Black cattle, and that the CL-16 deficiency, hypogenesis syndrome, neonatal weak calf syndrome, and dams groups had a large amount of recessive homozygous genotype than the other groups. No abnormal bleeding was observed clinically in the present study, and 4 of the recessive homozygous dams showed normal growth and parturition.  相似文献   

Mapping of a gene that confers short lateral branching (slb) in melon (Cucumis melo L.)     

N. Fukino  T. Ohara  M. Sugiyama  N. Kubo  M. Hirai  Y. Sakata  S. Matsumoto 《Euphytica》2012,187(1):133-143

Plant architecture plays an important role in the yield, product quality, and cultivation practices of many crops. Branching pattern is one of the most important components in the plant architecture of melon (Cucumis melo L.). ‘Melon Chukanbohon Nou 4 Go’ (Nou-4) has a short-lateral-branching trait derived from a weedy melon, LB-1. This trait is reported to be controlled by a single recessive or incompletely dominant major gene called short lateral branching (slb). To find molecular markers for marker-assisted selection of this gene, we first constructed a linkage map using 94 F₂ plants derived from a cross between Nou-4 and ‘Earl’s Favourite (Harukei-3)’, a cultivar with normal branching. We then conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and identified two loci for short lateral branching. A major QTL in linkage group (LG) XI, at which the Nou-4 allele is associated with short lateral branching, explained 50.9 % of the phenotypic variance, with a LOD score of 12.5. We suggest that this QTL corresponds to slb because of the magnitude of its effect. Another minor QTL in LG III, at which the Harukei-3 allele is associated with short lateral branching, explained 9.9 % of the phenotypic variance, with a LOD score of 4.2. Using an independent population, we demonstrated that an SSR marker linked to the QTL in LG XI (slb) could be used to select for short lateral branching. This is the first report of mapping a gene regulating the plant architecture of melon.  相似文献   

An SSR-based genetic map of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) serves as an anchor for the alignment of major pepper maps     

Yutaka Mimura  Takahiro Inoue  Yasuhiro Minamiyama  Nakao Kubo 《Breeding Science》2012,62(1):93-98

Of the Capsicum peppers (Capsicum spp.), cultivated C. annuum is the most commercially important, but has lacked an intraspecific linkage map based on sequence-specific PCR markers in accord with haploid chromosome numbers. We constructed a linkage map of pepper using a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from a cross between two C. annuum genotypes, a bell-type cultivar ‘California Wonder’ and a Malaysian small-fruited cultivar ‘LS2341 ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"JP187992","term_id":"347495878"}}JP187992)’, which is used as a source of resistance to bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum). A set of 253 markers (151 SSRs, 90 AFLPs, 10 CAPSs and 2 sequence-tagged sites) was on the map which we constructed, spanning 1,336 cM. This is the first SSR-based map to consist of 12 linkage groups, corresponding to the haploid chromosome number in an intraspecific cross of C. annuum. As this map has a lot of PCR-based anchor markers, it is easy to compare it to other pepper genetic maps. Therefore, this map and the newly developed markers will be useful for cultivated C. annuum breeding.  相似文献   

In vitro susceptibility and a new point mutation associated with tylosin-resistance in Japanese canine intestinal spirochetes     

Prapasarakul N  Ochi K  Adachi Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(12):1275-1280

The in vitro susceptibilities of six commonly used antimicrobial agents against 29 isolates of intestinal spirochetes isolated from dogs in Japan were examined by the agar dilution technique. In addition, the genetic basis of tylosin resistance in in vitro selected resistant mutants of two reference strains and three tylosin-susceptible field isolates obtained by three successive subcultures on blood agar containing 1 microg/ml of tylosin was investigated. Carbadox was the most active (MIC: < 0.00625) of all the antimicrobial agents. Although all the isolates were susceptible to tylosin, some were resistant to erythromycin. Tiamulin, lincomycin and dimetridazole were also very active against the isolates. All the resistant isolates did not harbor any plasmids. In vitro selected tylosin-resistant mutants of previously tylosin-susceptible isolates showed a new mutation in which their adenine at the base position equivalent to 2062 of 23S rDNA of Escherichia coli has been replaced by cytosine. These findings may both provide guidance towards the proper choice of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of canine intestinal spirochetosis, and add to the understanding of the genetic basis of tylosin resistance.  相似文献   

Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of the first case of BSE in Japan     

Kimura KM  Haritani M  Kubo M  Hayasaka S  Ikeda A 《The Veterinary record》2002,151(11):328-330

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Gastroduodenal adenocarcinomas and rectal adenoma in a cougar (Felis concolor) infected with Helicobacter-like organisms and spirochetes     

Yamazaki Y  Aono I  Ohya T  Shibahara T  Kadota K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(2):149-153

A 14-year-old female cougar died from gastroduodenal adenocarcinomas and rectal adenoma. At necropsy, polypoid tumor masses of various sizes were scattered on the mucosal surfaces of the stomach, duodenum, and rectum. Histologically, the gastric tumor was diagnosed as an intestinal type adenocarcinoma and the tumor cells metastasized to the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and lung. Helicobacter-like organisms were detected in the lumina lined by foveolar epithelium. In the duodenum, the carcinoma cells were localized in the limina propria and many of them were intensely positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In contrast, the rectal adenoma had a lower number of PCNA-positive cells. In the rectum, chronic inflammation with numerous spirochetes was also noted. These results indicated that the occurrence of the gastrointestinal tumors might be associated with the bacterial infection described above.  相似文献