Inhibition of acetate ester biosynthesis in banana (Musa sapientum L.) fruit pulp under anaerobic conditions     

Wendakoon SK  Ueda Y  Imahori Y  Ishimaru M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(6):1615-1620

The effect of anaerobic conditions on acetate ester biosynthesis in ripened banana pulp was investigated. Incubation of the pulp in less than 1% O(2) resulted in a significant reduction in the formation of ethyl acetate. Regardless of the presence of a large amount of endogenous ethanol and the remaining exogenous isobutyl alcohol after complete anaerobic incubation with the pulp, the production of acetate ester decreased. The effect of addition of pyruvate, isobutyl alcohol, acetate, and methyl hexanoate on acetate ester formation in 100% N(2) was also investigated. The addition of pyruvate and isobutyl alcohol to the pulp gave lower acetate esters in N(2) than in air, whereas the pulp incubated with acetate and isobutyl alcohol produced more acetate ester in both conditions. Therefore, the lack of acetyl CoA, or more precisely acetate, in the tissue is the main reason for the inhibition of acetate ester formation under anaerobic conditions. The activity of beta-oxidation measured by incubation with methyl hexanoate was detected only in the samples incubated in air. The formation of acetyl CoA, derived from pyruvate through mitochondria and through beta-oxidation, was inhibited by anaerobic conditions, which suggests that mitochondrial activity and/or beta-oxidation are essential for ester biosynthesis.  相似文献   

中后期追施15N对水稻氮素积累与分配的影响     

单玉华  王余龙  黄建晔  安藤丰  山本由德  董桂春  周小冬 《扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2000,21(4)

在田间条件下 ,采用 1 5 N微区法 ,研究中、后期施肥对稻株体内氮素积累与分配的影响。结果表明 :1随着氮肥施用时期的推迟 ,茎、叶等营养器官干物重明显下降 ,而穗干物重下降幅度较小 ,且其占全株干重的比例提高。 2稻株含氮率随氮肥施用时期推迟有提高的趋势 ;与施促花肥相比 ,施用粒肥绿叶及叶鞘中的氮素积累量明显下降 ,而茎、穗中氮累积量则略有增加。 3在稻株不同器官中 ,穗、绿叶 (包括叶鞘 )对穗粒肥氮的积累能力最强 ,但随穗粒肥施用时期的推迟 ,穗部积累的肥料氮及其占全株的比例增加 ,而绿叶则呈相反的趋势。 4稻株对促花肥、保花肥、粒肥氮的回收率 (利用率 )分别为 32 .7%、30 .0 %及 2 3.7%。  相似文献   

Molecular Monitoring of hrpB-disrupted Mutant of Ralstonia solanacearum in Tomato Plants     

Yoshinori MATSUDA  Hideyoshi TOYODA  Yasunari KATO  Koji KAKUTANI  Takayuki NAKANISHI  Miki BINGO  Teruo NONOMURA  Seiji OUCHI 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(1):59-63

A nonpathogenic mutant of Ralstonia solanacearum was produced by the insertion of transposon Tn4431. The mutagenized gene was then cloned from a genomic DNA library by the gene tagging method, using the labeled lux operon located on Tn4431 of pUCD623 as a hybridization probe. From nucleotide sequence analysis of the transposon-inserted genomic clone, the hrpB gene was shown to be disrupted by the inserted transposon. Tomato plants were inoculated with the hrpB-disrupted mutant bacteria, for which multiplication and translocation were then monitored using the colony hybridization method. In addition, the original pathogenic bacteria in which the lux operon had been functionally ligated with the genomic promoter were also used for inoculation and traced by their bioluminescence. Multiplication of the hrpB-disrupted mutant was suppressed initially in the invaded root tissues and then in upper hypocotyl after translocation, suggesting that the pathogenic strain of R. solanacearum overcomes at least two steps of host responses expressed in root and hypocotyl tissues. Thus, our approach for molecular monitoring of the bacteria enabled us to precisely analyze the infection behavior of the pathogenic bacteria in planta. Received 16 April 1999/ Accepted in revised form 10 August 1999  相似文献   

Evaluation of Single-Incision Laparoscopic Ovariectomy in Standing Mares     

Yoshinori KambayashiNao Tsuzuki  PhD  Jong-pil SeoTakashi Yamaga  DVM  Takafumi TanabeHiroki Uchiyama  DVM  Naoki Sasaki 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

Our objective was to compare the invasiveness of single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) and multiport laparoscopic surgery (MLS) for ovariectomy in 5 standing healthy adult Thoroughbred mares. First, laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed by SILS or by MLS on the right paralumbar fossa region in a standing mare. One month after surgery, ovariectomy by the other method was performed on the left side. For surgery evaluation, the surgical time, length of incision, and amount of lidocaine used were recorded and compared between SILS and MLS. Physical examination (body temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate) and hematology (number of leukocytes and hematocrit) were performed before surgery and every day for 7 days after surgery. Similarly, the degrees of swelling, heat, pain, and incisional wound healing were evaluated (grades1-4). The length of incision and amount of local anesthetic for SILS were significantly less than those for MLS. Moreover, the scores for swelling, heat, and pain in the SILS group tended to be lower than those in the MLS group for several days after surgery. We concluded that SILS was less invasive than MLS and is therefore useful for ovariectomy in mares.  相似文献   

Repression of the transcription factor Th-POK by Runx complexes in cytotoxic T cell development   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Setoguchi R  Tachibana M  Naoe Y  Muroi S  Akiyama K  Tezuka C  Okuda T  Taniuchi I 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5864):822-825

  相似文献   

Macroscopic separation of dense fluid phase and liquid phase of phosphorus     

Katayama Y  Inamura Y  Mizutani T  Yamakata M  Utsumi W  Shimomura O 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5697):848-851

Structural transformation between a dense molecular fluid and a polymeric liquid of phosphorus that occurred at about 1 gigapascal and 1000 degrees C was investigated by in situ x-ray radiography. When the low-pressure fluid was compressed, dark and round objects appeared in the radiograph. X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed that these objects were the highpressure liquid. The drops grew and eventually filled the sample space. Decompressing caused the reverse process. The macroscopic phase separation supported the existence of a first-order phase transition between two stable disordered phases besides the liquid-gas transition. X-ray absorption measurements revealed that the change in density at the transition corresponds to about 40% of the density of the high-pressure liquid.  相似文献   

A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO     

Ashida H  Saito Y  Kojima C  Kobayashi K  Ogasawara N  Yokota A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5643):286-290

The genomes of several nonphotosynthetic bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, and some Archaea include genes for proteins with sequence homology to the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO). We found that such a RuBisCO-like protein (RLP) from B. subtilis catalyzed the 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate enolase reaction in the methionine salvage pathway. A growth-defective mutant, in which the gene for this RLP had been disrupted, was rescued by the gene for RuBisCOfrom the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum. Thus, the photosynthetic RuBisCO from R. rubrum retains the ability to function in the methionine salvage pathway in B. subtilis.  相似文献   

Orbital malignant schwannoma and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in rats caused by leakage of locally injected nickel subsulfide to the orbit     

Yoshinori Yamagiwa  Miki Masatsugu  Haruna Tahara  Kotaro Yamada  Yu Haranosono  Masaaki Kurata  Hiroshi Satoh 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2021,34(2):151

Nickel subsulfide (Ni₃S₂) is known to induce intraocular neoplasms when injected intravitreally into the eyes of rats. Here, we found two extraocular orbital neoplasms in two different rat strains, presumably due to the leakage of locally injected Ni₃S₂ to the extraocular orbital tissues. In the F344/DuCrlCrlj rat, an orbital mass arose at 30 weeks after injection, and invaded into the cranium. Histologically, the orbital mass was composed of areas arranged in parallel bundles formed by densely packed elongated or spindle-shaped cells with indistinct cytoplasmic borders, and of areas of hypocellular arrangement consisting of round cells in eosinophilic myxoid-like substances. Metastases were observed in the right submandibular and cervical lymph nodes. The neoplastic cells were immunopositive for S-100 protein and vimentin. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the neoplastic cells had cellular processes and pericytoplasmic basal laminae. In the RccHan^TM:WIST rat, an orbital mass arose at 36 weeks after injection. Histologically, the mass consisted of rhabdoid-like large round cells with proliferation of small round-to-polygonal cells, and these neoplastic cells infiltrated into the extraocular muscles. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for desmin and vimentin. Transmission electron microscopy detected immature myofibrils with Z-band structures in the cytoplasm of these neoplastic cells. Consequently, the tumors were diagnosed as an orbital malignant schwannoma in an F344/DuCrlCrlj rat and an orbital embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in a RccHan^TM:WIST rat. The results of this case report suggest that leakage of Ni₃S₂ to the orbit caused the induction of orbital malignant schwannoma or rhabdomyosarcoma in rats.  相似文献   

Urinary free metanephrines measurement in dogs with adrenal gland diseases using a new simple liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method     

Noboru SASAKI  Yoshinori IKENAKA  Yumiko INOUE  Takahiro ICHISE  Noriyuki NAGATA  Mayumi ISHIZUKA  Syouta MM NAKAYAMA  Kensuke NAKAMURA  Mitsuyoshi TAKIGUCHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(4):648

Measurement of urinary metanephrines in spot samples is used for the diagnosis of canine pheochromocytoma (PC). We describe a simple analytical method based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for measuring free metanephrine (MN) and normetanephrine (NMN) in spot urine samples. Using the developed method, we evaluated the stability of urinary free-MN and free-NMN at various storing conditions. In addition, we assessed the feasibility of urinary free-MN and -NMN measurement for diagnosing PC. Urine samples were mixed with stable isotope internal standards and thereafter purified by ultrafiltration. The purified samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode after separation on a multimode octa decyl silyl column. The coefficient of variation of free-MN and -NMN measurement was 7.6% and 5.5%, respectively. The linearity range was 0.5–10 µg/l for both analytes. Degradation was less than 10% for both analytes under any of the storage conditions. The median free-NMN ratio to creatinine of 9 PC dogs (595, range 144–47,961) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of 13 dogs with hypercortisolism (125, range 52–224) or 15 healthy dogs (85, range 50–117). The developed method is simple and may not require acidification of spot urine. The results of this preliminary retrospective study suggest that the measurement of urinary free metanephrines is a promising tool for diagnosing canine PC.  相似文献   

Effects of in utero and lactational exposure to the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) dose of the neonicotinoid clothianidin on the reproductive organs of female mice     

Sayaka KITAUCHI  Mizuki MAEDA  Tetsushi HIRANO  Yoshinori IKENAKA  Misaki NISHI  Asuka SHODA  Midori MURATA  Youhei MANTANI  Toshifumi YOKOYAMA  Yoshiaki TABUCHI  Nobuhiko HOSHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(4):746

Recently, developmental exposure to clothianidin (CLO) has been shown to cause reproductive toxicity in male mice, but the effects in female mice remain to be clarified. Pregnant C57BL/6N mice were given a no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) dose of CLO until weaning. We then examined ovaries of 3- or 10-week-old female offspring. In the CLO-administered group, morphological changes, a decrease in the immunoreactivity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), and activation of genes in the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway were observed in 3-week-old mice, and decreases of GPx4 immunoreactivity, 17OH-progesterone and corticosterone levels were observed in 10-week-old mice, along with high rates of infanticide and severe neglect, providing new evidence that developmental exposure to CLO affects juvenile and adult mice differently.  相似文献