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排序方式: 共有319条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
Risa Tabata Fuki Kawaguchi Shinji Sasazaki Yoshio Yamamoto Meirat Bakhtin Polat Kazymbet Alykhan Meldevekob Maratbek Z. Suleimenov Masahide Nishibori Hideyuki Mannen 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(3):317-322
Goats (Capra hircus) were domesticated in the Fertile Crescent and propagated all over the world. The Silk Road through the Eurasian Steppe belt is a possible propagation route for domestic goats to Central Asia. Kazakhstan is in close geographical proximity to domestication centers and covers the majority of the Eurasian Steppe belt. In this study, we examined the genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure of Kazakhstani goats. The mtDNA sequences of 141 Kazakhstani goats were categorized into haplogroups A, C, and D, of which haplogroup A was predominant (97%), whereas haplogroups C and D were detected at low frequencies (1.4% each). The Kazakhstani haplotypes C were thzen categorized into Asian mtDNA type. Sequence analysis of the SRY gene on the Y‐chromosome in 67 male Kazakhstani goats revealed two haplotypes: Y1A (64%) and Y2A (36%). Analysis of the distribution of mtDNA haplogroups and SRY haplotypes from Eurasia and Africa demonstrated genetic similarity among animals from Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Northwest China located on the Eurasian Steppe belt. These phylogeographic results suggested that the Eurasian Steppe belt was an important propagation route for goats to Central Asia. 相似文献
62.
Shoko NAKAMUTA Makoto YOKOSUKA Kazumi TANIGUCHI Yoshio YAMAMOTO Nobuaki NAKAMUTA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(2):245-250
In turtles, the epithelia lining the upper and lower chambers of the nasal cavity project axons to the
ventral and dorsal parts of the olfactory bulbs, respectively. In a semi-aquatic soft-shelled turtle,
Pelodiscus sinensis, more than 1,000 odorant receptor genes have been found, but it is not
known where they are expressed. In this study, we aimed to clarify the distribution of cells expressing these
genes in the olfactory organs of soft-shelled turtles. Immunoreactions for the Gαolf, the α subunit of G
protein coupled to the odorant receptors, were detected on the surface of epithelia lining both the upper and
lower chambers of the nasal cavity. The receptor cells in the epithelium of both chambers possessed cilia on
the tip of their dendrites, whereas microvillous, non-ciliated, receptor cells were not found. These data
suggest that the odorant receptor genes are expressed by the ciliated receptor cells in the upper and lower
chamber epithelia. Precise location of the vomeronasal epithelium is not known at present. 相似文献
63.
64.
To produce 5-reductase inhibitory compounds, resveratrol was enzymatically oxidized in a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/H2O2 system. Ethyl acetate extract of the oxidation products showed strong 5-reductase inhibitory activity with 10%–15% organic solvents in the system, whereas without organic solvent little inhibitory activity was exhibited. The optimum pH of enzymatic oxidation for acquisition of the inhibitory activity was 4.5. The inhibitory compounds were isolated and identified as resveratroltrans-dehydrodimer and resveratrolcis-dehydrodimer by comparing with published nuclear magnetic resonance data. The two resveratrol dehydrodimers have stronger inhibitory activity than natural resveratrol dimers and trimers found inShorea species. 相似文献
65.
Yoshiyuki Kiyono Yukihito Ochiai Yukihiro Chiba Hidetoshi Asai Kazuki Saito Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa Takeshi Horie Visone Songnoukhai Viengmany Navongxai Yoshio Inoue 《Journal of Forest Research》2007,12(5):371-383
In northern Lao People’s Democratic Republic, rising human population has drastically reduced the fallow period of slash-and-burn
agriculture which has led to a considerable decrease in the carbon stock in these communities. We estimated chronosequential
changes in the communities' carbon stocks, and established the relationship between the fallow period and fallow-period-average
carbon stocks in three carbon pools of bamboo-dominated communities in hilly areas of the Luang Prabang Province, northern
Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Based on measurements by destructive sampling, we devised a model and root-to-shoot ratios
for estimating bamboo biomass. In six secondary plant communities established after slash-and-burn cropping, we estimated
community biomass using the above model and others, and measured deadwood and litter stocks. The communities’ biomass and
deadwood significantly increased with time after the last cropping and the former reached about 100 Mg ha−1 after 15 years, whereas litter stocks did not show significant trends over time. Extending the fallow period from 2 to 5 years
would increase fallow-period-average carbon stock from 14.2 to 25.1 Mg C ha−1. The overstory height was significantly correlated with biomass, deadwood, and litter carbon stocks of these communities.
Based on our findings, changes in a community’s carbon stocks can be estimated using the changes in overstory height, which
should be taken into account in future studies to reduce uncertainty in estimating carbon stocks in tropical ecosystems. 相似文献
66.
Masuda T Yamada K Maekawa T Takeda Y Yamaguchi H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(16):6069-6074
In our studies of the chain-breaking antioxidant mechanism of natural phenols in food components, ferulic acid, a phenolic acid widely distributed in edible plants, especially grain, was investigated. The radical oxidation reaction of a large amount of ethyl linoleate in the presence of the methyl ester of ferulic acid produced four types of peroxides as radical termination products. The isolation and structure determination of the peroxides revealed that they had tricyclic structures which consisted of ethyl linoleate, methyl ferulate, and molecular oxygen. Based on the formation pathway of the products, a radical scavenging reaction occurred at the 3'-position of the ferulate radical with the four types of peroxyl radicals of ethyl linoleate. The produced peroxides subsequently underwent intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction to afford stable tricyclic peroxides. 相似文献
67.
Ahmed A. SALEH Yahya Z. EID Tarek A. EBEID Akira OHTSUKA Masahiro YAMAMOTO Kunioki HAYASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(8):594-598
This study was conducted to show that dietary supplementation of a fungus, Aspergillus awamori called Koji in Japan, reduces skeletal muscle protein breakdown and stimulates growth in broiler chickens. A total of 30 chicks at 15 days of age was divided into control and two treatment groups (10 birds per treatment). Control group was fed basal diet and treatment groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with A. awamori at levels of 0.05% and 0.2%. The birds were raised for 12 days from 15 to 27 days of age and then the effect on growth, organ weights and plasma 3‐methylhistidine concentration and digestibilities of protein and energy was evaluated. The messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of atrogin‐1, ubiquitin, proteasome, m‐calpain, µ‐calpain, β‐actin, myosin and pax‐7 in the breast muscle were also measured. Body weight gain and breast muscle weight were increased, although feed intake was decreased by the fungus and thus feed efficiency was increased. Protein and energy digestibilities were increased. Furthermore, plasma 3‐methylhistidine concentration was decreased by the fungus. The mRNAs of atrogin‐1, ubiquitin, proteasome, m‐calpain and µ‐calpain were all decreased. The mRNA of β‐actin but not myosin and pax‐7 was slightly increased by the fungus. In conclusion, feeding A. awamori improves growth performance because skeletal muscle proteolytic activity is reduced and digestibilities of energy and protein are increased. 相似文献
68.
Gotanda T Doi M Eiguchi Y Tanaka Y Kobayashi S Fujisaki Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(3):281-283
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), R1 and M5, were established against the second-generation schizont of Leucocytozoon caulleryi (L. caulleryi). Both antibodies reacted to membrane and internal structure proteins of the second-generation schizont by immunofluorescence microscopy. Molecular weight of the second-generation schizont (2GS) antigen was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting. At least 40 protein bands were detected in 2GS antigen by SDS-PAGE under reduced condition and ranged from 10 to 270 kDa. MAb R1 reacted to polypeptides of 150-268 kDa in 2GS antigen, whereas MAb M5 did with that of 66 kDa. Injection with a protein of 2GS antigen fractionated by affinity chromatography using MAbs R1 and M5 protected chickens against challenge with sporozoites of L. caulleryi. These results suggest that MAbs, R1 and M5, recognize 2GS antigen of L caulleryi. 相似文献
69.
Kano R Hattori Y Okuzumi K Miyazaki Y Yamauchi R Koie H Watari T Hasegawa A 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(2):115-117
Candida species in clinical urine samples were identified directly by the newly developed method of PCR analysis on 25S ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Two dogs were referred to the Animal Medical Center, Nihon University School of Veterinary Medicine, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan for the examination of chronic cystitis. Microscopic examination of urine samples from these dogs revealed yeast cells. Urine culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar at 27 degrees C for 5 days produced white to cream colored colonies. The isolates were identifical to Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis by mycological examination, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of 25S ribosomal DNA from these urine isolates showed 99% similarity to those of a reference strain of Candida albicans or C. parapsilosis. The nucleotide sequences of 25S rDNA obtained directly from urine samples were also identical to C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, respectively. Confirming the results on the isolates cultured from the same urine samples. This PCR analysis method could be available for the direct identification of Candida species in urine samples within 2 days. 相似文献
70.
1. Three experiments were conducted to investigate the diurnal variation of blood viscosity in broilers. In experiment 1 food and water were supplied freely at 20C (20-FW). In experiment 2 food and water were withdrawn at 20C (20-NFW), while in experiment 3 food and water were withdrawn at 30C (30-NFW). 2. Blood sampling time points were 09.00 h, 15.00 h, 21.00 h, 03.00 h and 09.00 h the next day in each experiment. 3. In all experiments, whole blood viscosity (WBV), red blood cell count (RBC) and haematocrit (HCT) were greater during the dark (21.00 h and 03.00 h) than during the light period. During the dark period, there were no differences in WBV, RBC and HCT between 20-FW and 20-NFW, or between 20-NFW and 30-NFW. At 09.00 h, WBV and HCT were higher in 20-FW than in 20-NFW. At 15.00 h and 09.00 h (day 2), WBV and HCT were greater in 20-NFW than in 30-NFW. 4. There were no light-dark differences in plasma viscosity (PV), plasma protein concentration (PPC) or mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in any experiment. However, 20-NFW birds had a lower PPC and higher MCV compared with 20-FW, and a higher PPC and lower MCV compared with 30-NFW, while no difference was found in PV. 5. WBV increased linearly with RBC and HCT. PV increased with PPC, while MCV decreased. 6. These results indicate that there is diurnal variation in whole blood viscosity, which is greater during the dark than during the light period. During the light period it is strongly influenced by high environmental temperature and food and water withdrawal. C 相似文献