Papaya seed represents a rich source of biologically active isothiocyanate   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nakamura Y  Yoshimoto M  Murata Y  Shimoishi Y  Asai Y  Park EY  Sato K  Nakamura Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(11):4407-4413

In the present study, papaya (Carica papaya) seed and edible pulp were carefully separated and then the contents of benzyl isothiocyanate and the corresponding glucosinolate (benzyl glucosinolate, glucotropaeolin) quantified in each part. The papaya seed with myrosinase inactivation contained >1 mmol of benzyl glucosinolate in 100 g of fresh seed. This content is equivalent to that of Karami daikon (the hottest Japanese white radish) or that of cress. The papaya seed extract also showed a very high activity of myrosinase and, without myrosinase inactivation, produced 460 micromol of benzyl isothiocyanate in 100 g of seed. In contrast, papaya pulp contained an undetectable amount of benzyl glucosinolate and showed no significant myrosinase activity. The n-hexane extract of the papaya seed homogenate was highly effective in inhibiting superoxide generation and apoptosis induction in HL-60 cells, the activities of which are comparable to those of authentic benzyl isothiocyanate.  相似文献   

细胞质对普通小麦面包加工品质的影响     

王世杰  李保云  康明辉  刘春雷  达博雯  林作楫  尤明山  刘广田 《华北农学报》2008,23(4)

为探明不同胞质背景对杂种小麦面包JJD-r品质的影响,测定了4个强筋品种与4个中弱筋品种按NCⅡ设计配制的32个正反交组合及T型、K型、AL型、A型4种胞质背景的14个组合的F2籽粒的硬度、GMP含量,Zeleny沉淀值、面团流变学参数和面包体积等面包加工品质性状.结果表明:①强筋组亲本对除吸水率和评价值之外的其他面包加工品质性状均具有显著的有利于面包加工品质的普遍胞质效应;豫麦34、郑麦9023和陕优225在多个面包加工品质性状方面具有显著有利的一般胞质效应;陕优225的面包体积的一般胞质效应为14 mL,达到5%的显著水平.因此,在面包小麦育种中要注意安排强筋亲本作母本.②就面包体积而言,T型和K型不育胞质相对于A型胞质具有有利的一般胞质效应,AL型不育胞质与A型胞质相当.组合T-西农772 X AL-RI的T型不育胞质的个别胞质效应为60 mL,组合K-西农772 X T6-3的K型不育胞质的个别胞质效应为98 mL,且均达5%的显著水平.T,K和AL型不育胞质可用于面包小麦杂种优势利用.  相似文献   

The Use of Biofilters to Reduce Atmospheric Methane Emissions from Landfills: Part I. Biofilter Design     

Park  So Young  Brown  K. W.  Thomas  J. C. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2004,155(1-4):63-85

Previous laboratory research has shown that biofilters have the potential to reduce CH₄ emissions from landfills by as much as 83%. However, to achieve this level of CH₄ reduction biofilters must be properly designed. The present study was conducted to develop a method for properly designing biofilters based on landfill size and location. A quadratic equation was developed to describe the dependence of CH₄ oxidation rate in a sandy loam textured soil as a function of soil temperature, soil moisture and ammonium nitrogen concentration. Using this equation and the average monthly soil temperature and moisture contents for the largest cities of each of the 48 contiguous states, the monthly CH₄ oxidation rate at each location was calculated. Then, assuming a standard landfill depth of 27.6 m, and a standard area of 121,500 m², the required biofilter size was calculated. Finally, the ratio of biofilter size to landfill size was calculated. Design calculations for biofilters located in the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas where the CH₄ oxidation rates are relatively high throughout the year indicate that the necessary biofilter sizes are small. In addition, biofilters in these states may be expected to be effective throughout the year. In contrast, the calculations indicated biofilter systems in the states of Idaho, Minnesota and North Dakota will have much lower efficiencies during much of the year due to unfavorable soil moisture and temperature ranges. Given proper design, installation and management, a biofilter should be capable of achieving a significant reduction in atmospheric CH₄ emission as compared to emissions from the same landfill without a biofilter.  相似文献   

Variation and correlation analysis of flavonoids and carotenoids in Korean pigmented rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars     

Kim JK  Lee SY  Chu SM  Lim SH  Suh SC  Lee YT  Cho HS  Ha SH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2010,58(24):12804-12809

Flavonoids and carotenoids of pigmented rice ( Oryza sativa L.), including five black cultivars and two red cultivars, from Korea were characterized to determine the diversity among the phytochemicals and to analyze the relationships among their contents. Black cultivars were higher in flavonoids and carotenoids than the red and white cultivars. The profiles of eight phytochemicals identified from the rice grains were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the differences among cultivars. PCA could fully distinguish between these cultivars. The Heugjinjubyeo (BR-1) and Heugseolbyeo (BR-2) cultivars were separated from the others based on flavonoid and carotenoid concentrations. Flavonoid contents had a positive correlation with carotenoid contents among all rice grains. The BR-1 and BR-2 cultivars appear to be good candidates for future breeding programs because they have simultaneously high flavonoid and carotenoid contents.  相似文献   

Interactions and self-organization in the soil-microbe complex   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Young IM  Crawford JW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5677):1634-1637

Soil is the most complicated biomaterial on the planet. As with any material, the physical habitat is of prime importance in determining and regulating biological activity. However, until recently the opaque nature of soil has meant that any interrogation of its interior architecture has been relatively rudimentary, restricted to simple qualitative expressions of the physical heterogeneity that fail to relate to any specific function. However, new techniques and insights into the biophysical and biochemical processes of this inner space are leading to the developments of theoretical frameworks and experimental approaches that will allow us to sustainably manage Earth's most important resource. We introduce the concept that the soil-microbe system is self-organized and suggest new priorities for research based on an integrative approach that combines biochemistry and biophysics.  相似文献   

沉水植物化感作用抑制藻类生长的研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

边归国  赵卫东  达来 《福建林业科技》2011,38(4)

根据国内外相关报道,重点对9科15种沉水植物化感作用物质的构成及抑制15种藻类的生长,沉水植物化感作用抑制藻类生长的机理等方面的研究进展进行综合评述。  相似文献   

Fabrication of electropsun PLGA and small intestine submucosa-blended nanofibrous membranes and their biocompatibility for wound healing     

Kihoon Kim  Jong Yoon Lee  Hyun Kim  Jaiho Shin  Yongwon Shin  Young Tai Yoo  Hwi-Yool Kim 《Fibers and Polymers》2017,18(2):231-239

In recent decades, tremendous research has focused on the production of nanoscale fibers using synthetic polymers, with the goal of fabricating nanofibrous scaffolds for wound healing. However, the hydrophobicity of such polymers typically hinders attachment and proliferation of the cells. In this study, we combined poly-d,l-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) and small intestine submucosa (SIS) to fabricate blended nanofibers for wound healing by electrospinning. PLGA and SIS were dissolved in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro isopropanol to produce different weight ratios of PLGA/SIS-blended nanofibrous membranes (NFM). Physicochemical characterization of the electrospun NFM was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, water contact angle analysis, degradation test and tensile testing. The PLGA/SIS-blended NFM showed improved hydrophilicity and tensile strength. Better infiltration, attachment and proliferation of rat granulation fibroblasts of PLGA/SIS-blended NFMs compared to PLGA NFMs were identified by morphological differences determined by SEM and a water-soluble tetrazolium salt assay kit. Based on our results, the PLGA/SIS blended NFMs were found to be suitable for use as a potential material for wound dressing.  相似文献   

Responses of surface SOC to long‐term experimental warming vary between different heath types in the high Arctic tundra     

Ji Young Jung  Anders Michelsen  Mincheol Kim  Sungjin Nam  Niels M. Schmidt  Sujeong Jeong  Yong‐Hoe Choe  Bang Yong Lee  Ho Il Yoon  Yoo Kyung Lee 《European Journal of Soil Science》2020,71(4):752-767

  相似文献   

Glutamic acid supplementation recovers the reduced performance of weanling pigs fed reduced crude protein diets     

Santi D.Upadhaya  Sang Seon Lee  Young Hwa Kim  Zhenlong Wu  In Ho Kim 《动物营养（英文）》2022,8(1):249

This study was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of glutamic acid(Glu)to reduced protein diets on the performance of weanling pigs.One hundred and eighty crossbred weanling pigs([Yorkshire
Landrace]
Duroc,21 d old)having similar body weight(BW)of 6.45 kg were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments(5 pigs per pen[2 barrows and 3 gilts];6 pens per treatment)based on BW and sex during a 6-week trial.Dietary treatments consisted of positive control(PC)diet formulated to have 226.9,205.6,and 188.8 g crude protein(CP)during phases 1,2,and 3,respectively,and negative control(NC)diets with 20 g CP reduction from PC diets and addition of Glu with increasing levels,resulting in the calculated Lys-to-Glu ratios of 1:2.25,1:2.30.1:2.35,1:2.40,and 1:2.45,designated as NC,NC1,NC2,NC3,and NC4,respectively.The BW of pigs receiving PC diet was higher(P<0.05)than those receiving NC diet at d 7,21 and 42.A higher(P<0.05)average daily gain(ADG)from d 1 to 7,8 to 21,22 to 42 and during the overall experiment period was observed in pigs fed PC than NC diet.Pigs fed NC diets including the graded level of Glu linearly increased(P<0.05)BW at d 42,ADG and gain-to-feed ratio(G:F)during the overall experimental period.In addition,trends in linear increase in BW(P=0.056)at d 7 and ADG from d 1 to 7 and d 22 to 42(linear effect,P=0.081,P=0.058 respectively)were observed.A tendency in the linear increment of NH3(P=0.082)at d 21 and linear reduction in methyl mercaptans(P=0.054)emission at d 42 was observed in pigs fed NC diets supplemented with graded level of Glu.In conclusion,supplementing the reduced protein diet with Glu enhanced the growth performance in weanling pigs suggesting that supplementation of Glu can compensate the reduction of 2%CP in the basal diets.  相似文献   

Identification and quantification of cyclolinopeptides in five flaxseed cultivars     

B Gui  YY Shim  RS Datla  PS Covello  SL Stone  MJ Reaney 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(35):8571-8579

Cyclolinopeptides are a group of naturally occurring hydrophobic cyclic peptides found in flaxseed and flax oil that have immunosuppressive activity. This study describes the measurement of flaxseed cyclolinopeptide concentrations using an internal standard HPLC method. In addition, the concentration of cyclolinopeptides in the seed of Canadian flax cultivars grown at two locations over two years is reported. The data are consistent with the formation of flaxseed cyclolinopeptides from two ribosome-derived precursors. Each precursor protein includes the sequences corresponding to three cyclolinopeptides from which those cyclolinopeptides are presumably derived by precursor processing. The concentrations of cyclolinopeptides C and E, which are encoded by the same gene sequence, are highly correlated, and the concentrations of cyclolinopeptides D, F, and G, which are encoded by a second gene sequence, are also highly correlated. The strong correlation between the cyclolinopeptides arising from the same gene may prove to be important in understanding how peptide concentration is controlled. Additional research may lead to approaches to improve flax either as a platform for peptide production or as a source of oil with improved drying properties and flavor.  相似文献