Wanted: a few good leaders for academia sinica     

Kinoshita J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1993,262(5132):359

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Evaluation of colorimetric pH strips for wild animal meat using image analysis     

Akira Watanabe  Kazunari Kinoshita  Takayuki Muramoto  Mizuho Nakai  Yuiko Suzuki  Sakumi Inoue  Shigeki Hirata 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13602

Colorimetric pH strips (MColorpHast™) are very convenient to use, but the decision of pH is based on an individual's color perception and is, therefore, subjective. We developed a pH calculation program for the image of coloring strips on CIE1976 (L*a*b* color space), which slightly underestimated human judgment as the color of pH darker. This image analysis and three individuals' judgments were used for evaluating the strip's features for various qualities of meat from wild animals, and the results were compared with the assessments based on potentiometric pH. In both methods, dipping the strips in distilled water just before use improved the regression coefficient compared with that mentioned in the manual. The image analysis showed higher correlation than human judgments but slightly underestimate pH by a maximum of 0.13 unit from the regression line of the potentiometric pH. In addition, the image analysis revealed meat pigment changed pH higher on the color scale in the lower meat pH region. The strips must be used according to the manual, but dipping is effective when the meat surface is dry, and keeping the strips from touching the meat drip is important in lower pH region because the pigment affects the color of pH.  相似文献   

Effects of low and high levels of maternal nutrition consumed for the entirety of gestation on the development of muscle,adipose tissue,bone, and the organs of Wagyu cattle fetuses     

Yi Zhang  Kounosuke Otomaru  Kazunaga Oshima  Yuji Goto  Ichiro Oshima  Susumu Muroya  Mitsue Sano  Rena Saneshima  Yukiko Nagao  Aoi Kinoshita  Yasuko Okamura  Sanggun Roh  Akira Ohtsuka  Takafumi Gotoh 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13600

This study aimed to investigate the effects of high and low levels of energy intake during the entire gestation period on the skeletal muscle development, organ development, and adipose tissue accumulation in fetuses of Wagyu (Japanese Black) cows, a breed with highly marbled beef. Cows were allocated to a high-nutrition (n = 6) group (fed 120% of the nutritional requirement) or low-nutrition (n = 6) group (fed 60% of the nutritional requirement). The cows were artificially inseminated with semen from the same sire, and the fetuses were removed by cesarean section at 260 ± 8.3 days of fetal age and slaughtered. The whole-body, total muscle, adipose, and bone masses of the fetal half-carcasses were significantly higher in the high-nutrition group than the low-nutrition group (p = 0.0018, 0.009, 0.0004, and 0.0362, respectively). Fifteen of 20 individual muscles, five of six fat depots, nine of 17 organs, and seven of 12 bones that were investigated had significantly higher masses in the high-nutrition group than the low-nutrition group. The crude components and amino acid composition of the longissimus muscle significantly differed between the low- and high-nutrition groups. These data indicate that maternal nutrition during gestation has a marked effect on the muscle, bone, and adipose tissue development of Wagyu cattle fetuses.  相似文献   

Diversity and geographical distribution of indigenous soybean-nodulating bradyrhizobia in Japan     

Yuichi SAEKI  Naoto AIMI  Shoko TSUKAMOTO  Takeo YAMAKAWA  Yoshitaka NAGATOMO  Shoichiro AKAO 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2006,52(4):418-426

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Western blot assessment of prion inactivation by alkali treatment in the process of horticultural fertilizer production from meat meal     

Takashi YOKOYAMA  Kimi SHIMADA  Yuichi TAGAWA  Yuko K. USHIKI  Yoshifumi IWAMARU  Hiroko K. HAYASHI  Morikazu SHINAGAWA 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2006,52(1):71-76

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Development of a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker linked to pungency in pepper   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Y. Minamiyama    S. Kinoshita    K. Inaba  M. Inoue 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(3):288-291

The complete tack of pungency in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is controlled by a single recessive gene (c). To develop a molecular marker linked to the C locus, two segregating F₂ populations (TM2 and TF2) derived from crosses between occasionally pungent and non‐pungent peppers in C. annuum were used. Using the RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) technique in combination with a bulked segregation analysis, two RAPD markers, OPD20‐800 and OPY09‐800, were obtained. Of the two markers, the more closely linked marker. OPY09‐800, was converted into a codominant CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) marker using data from the alignment of the two allelic sequences. This CAPS marker was linked to the C locus (3.6 cM in the TF2 population), and polymorphism was detected among accessions within C. annuum. This marker might be helpful for the selection of a c gene in backcross and progeny tests in a conventional breeding system.  相似文献   

Control of dissolved oxygen levels of water in net pens for fish farming by a microscopic bubble generating system     

Sarawut Srithongouthai  Akira Endo  Akihiro Inoue  Kyoko Kinoshita  Miho Yoshioka  Ayako Sato  Takaaki Iwasaki  Ichiro Teshiba  Hisatsune Nashiki  Daigo Hama  Hiroaki Tsutsumi 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(3):485-493

ABSTRACT:   A microscopic bubble generating system (MBGS) has been developed to control dissolved oxygen (DO) levels suitable for fish farming. The MBGS has been tested to confirm its capability in net pens. Water conditions in a fish farm were monitored every two hours from June to October 2004 by setting an online vertical profiling system (OVPS) close to the net pen. DO in the net pen water decreased to physiologically stressful levels for the fish during the night (4.84–5.51 mg/L), while the DO was kept in saturated conditions during the day, due to oxygen supply from phytoplankton. The MBGS was operated from the evening to the morning of the next day for 16 h, to successfully create DO-saturated conditions in the net pen water at night. By using microscopic bubbles during the warm seasons, DO levels in the net pen water could be improved to a level suitable for fish farming. However, the low DO levels (<5.0 mg/L) of the bottom water occasionally extended to the net pen layers, despite the supply of microscopic bubbles to the water. To maintain the DO of the net pen water at levels suitable for fish farming, DO supply to the net pen water and the bottom water needs to be increased, and the organically enriched sediment just below the net pens needs to be treated.  相似文献   

Histological observation of the pituitary-thyroid axis of a neotenic fish (the ice fish, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salangichthys microdon</Emphasis>)     

Yasuko?HaradaEmail author  Katsushi?Kuwamura  Izumi?Kinoshita  Masaru?Tanaka  Masatomo?Tagawa 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(1):115-121

ABSTRACT:   In order to study the physiological characteristics of neoteny in teleosts, the development of the thyroid axis and digestive tract of the ice fish, Salangichthys microdon (Salmonoidei), were examined using wild caught samples in the Yura River and its estuary. In all developmental stages examined in this study, the digestive tract was straight, and no gastric gland was observed, even in adults. Since these features are only observed in larval stages of a related species, ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis (Salmonoidei), it is suggested that the ice fish retains larval features, not only in appearance but also in internal organs. Additionally, the thyroid axis exhibited a unique characteristic. Until the end of the juvenile stage, thyroid glands remained inactive, and no thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) cells were observed. Activation of the thyroid gland and the first appearance of TSH cells occurred in adults. Since activation of the thyroid axis was generally known to occur by the time larval have transformed to juveniles in several teleosts, a delayed functioning of the thyroid axis was suggested as a specific characteristic, and probably a major factor contributing to neotenic development of the ice fish.  相似文献   

Growth of larval and early juvenile Japanese anchovy, Engraulis japonicus, in the Kuroshio-Oyashio transition region     

M. Takahashi  Y. Watanabe  T. Kinoshita  & C. Watanabe 《Fisheries Oceanography》2001,10(2):235-247

Larvae, juveniles, and adults of Japanese anchovy, Engraulis japonicus , were distributed throughout the Kuroshio-Oyashio transition region off northern Japan as far offshore as 170°E in 1996 and 1997. The growth trajectories of individual larvae and early juveniles were backcalculated using the biological intercept method based on the allometric relationship between otolith radius and somatic length. Mean larval growth rates ranged from 0.49 to 0.71 mm day^–1 in the transition region, and were comparable to those reported from the Pacific coastal waters of central Japan, which is the principal distribution range of E. japonicus . In terms of growth, the Kuroshio-Oyashio transition region seemed to be a favourable nursery area for larval E. japonicus . Larval growth tended to decline from the inshore to the offshore waters in the transition region. Thermal conditions did not show an inshore–offshore trend in the survey area and did not explain the longitudinal trend in growth rates.  相似文献   

Assemblages of vertical migratory mesopelagic fish in the transitional region of the western North Pacific   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Chiyuki Sassa †  Kouichi Kawaguchi  Takahiro Kinoshita  & Chikako Watanabe 《Fisheries Oceanography》2002,11(4):193-204

Assemblages of vertical migratory mesopelagic fish are described for the nighttime upper 20 m layer of the transitional and adjacent waters in the western North Pacific. Twenty-three mesopelagic fish species belonging to six families and 16 genera were collected during June 1996. Family Myctophidae was most speciose, represented by 17 species, followed by Sternoptychidae (two spp.) and Bathylagidae (one spp.). Six assemblages are recognized based on their species composition: Subarctic, Northern Transition, Southern Transition, Subtropical, Slope Water and Seamount Assemblages. These assemblages are also characterized by size composition and biomass of the catches. The distributions of the Subarctic, Northern Transition, Southern Transition and Subtropical Assemblages are approximately defined by the Kuroshio and Oyashio fronts and the Subarctic Boundary. Slope Water and Seamount Assemblages are closely related to the slope water around the shelf edge off Japan and waters around the Shatsky Rise and the Emperor Seamount chain, respectively. The importance of the Southern Transition Assemblage area between the Kuroshio front and Subarctic Boundary as spawning and nursery grounds of many subarctic, transitional and subtropical fishes is elucidated, based on the geographical distribution patterns of their larvae and juveniles.  相似文献