Precise, simple screening for resistance in potato varieties to common scab using paper pots     

Akira Kobayashi  Shigeo Naito  Yuki O. Kobayashi  Shogo Tsuda  Akiko Ohara-Takada  Motoyuki Mori 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(2):139-143

Resistance to common scab pathogen Streptomyces turgidiscabies of seven potato varieties was compared in the field with a newly developed paper pot method. Seedlings raised in soil in paper pots containing inocula at 1 × 10³ to 10⁷cfu/g soil were transplanted into a scab-free field and grown for 3 months. The disease severity of the seven varieties in the field trials differed in iteration and from year to year, even though their resistance levels were approximately similar at the expected levels. With the paper pot method, the seven varieties had different resistance levels, which were almost completely consistent with the results of the field trials, at more than 1 × 10⁵cfu/g soil. Significant differences in disease severity between resistant and susceptible varieties were observed (P = 0.05) for 2 years, and the resistance level of the varieties was elucidated.  相似文献   

A new freeze-dried living virus vaccine against sheep-pox     

Pierre Prcausta  Ferenc Kato  Georges Vellut 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1979,1(4):305-319

A sheep-pox virus strain has been adapted and multiplied in primary lamb kidney cell cultures. The main characteristics of the strain have been verified in vitro after clones were isolated, and the results confirmed its identity. The safety and the potency of the strain have been investigated in sheep.

The inoculation of the strain to sheep was followed by a post-vaccinal reaction materialised by a nodule at the site of inoculation and an increase of temperature by about 1°C. No reactions adversely affecting pregnancy have been noted. Immunisation was demonstrated by an increase in the level of neutralising serous antibodies and protection against the pathogenic virus. The immunity tended to decrease during the second year after primovaccination and a yearly booster vaccination appeared to be necessary. Primovaccination of lambs over 2 months of age produced a better immunity, especially when the lambs were born from vaccinated ewes.

This strain forms the active principle of a freeze-dried vaccine containing no adjuvant of the immunity.  相似文献   

Expression and distribution of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) in the gastrointestinal tract of calves     

Kirat D  Inoue H  Iwano H  Hirayama K  Yokota H  Taniyama H  Kato S 《Research in veterinary science》2005,79(1):45-50

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Fine surface structure of bovine acrosome-intact and reacted spermatozoa observed by atomic force microscopy     

Saeki K  Sumitomo N  Nagata Y  Kato N  Hosoi Y  Matsumoto K  Iritani A 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2005,51(2):293-298

The atomic force microscope (AFM) provides nanometer resolution, topographic data of the natural surface structure of materials. We studied the topology of the surface structure of bovine sperm heads during the acrosome reaction by AFM. In addition, we numerically analyzed the areas of the median sagittal plane of the sperm heads. Bovine frozen-thawed spermatozoa were washed, capacitated by heparin, and incubated with lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to induce the acrosome reaction, smeared on a cover glass, air-dried, and observed with AFM using the dynamic force (tapping) mode. AFM analysis of spermatozoa showed the clear surface structure of acrosomes, equatorial segments, postacrosomal regions and necks. Although AFM images of spermatozoa capacitated by heparin had complete acrosomes, most spermatozoa treated with LPC had no acrosomal caps as shown by AFM. These observations coincided with those obtained by light microscopy after staining with naphthol yellow S and erythrosin B. Furthermore, numerical analysis of AFM images indicated that areas of the median sagittal plane of the anterior portions of acrosome-reacted sperm heads (2679 +/- 616 pixels) were approximately 40% less than those of intact heads (4535 +/- 174 pixels, P<0.05). These results indicate that AFM can usefully observe and numerically analyze the fine surface structures of bovine spermatozoa.  相似文献   

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against porcine interleukin-4   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ishikura Y  Kato H  Hashimoto T  Nishimura Y  Iwata H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(5):503-508

Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is an important regulatory cytokine produced by activated T lymphocytes and mast cells, and regulates the growth and differentiation of cells such as B and T lymphocytes. In the present study, recombinant thioredoxin (Trx)-porcine IL-4 (pIL-4) fusion protein was prepared by Escherichia coli (E. coli), and by using this protein as an immunogen, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against pIL-4 were produced to establish a basis for a research on immune responses in pigs. Six stable hybridoma cell lines were successfully established and specific binding of each mAb to recombinant pIL-4 produced by E. coli and insect cells infected with recombinant baculovirus was shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and/or immunoblot analysis. Isotype analyses of these mAbs revealed that the subclass of 5 out of 6 mAbs was IgG1 and the rest was IgG2b. Further, assessment of their epitopes by competition binding assay indicated that the mAbs obtained in this study bound to 4 different epitopes. The recombinant proteins and mAbs produced in this study will be useful tools for the assessment of porcine immune system.  相似文献   

Serotypes and virulence markers of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolated from dairy cattle in São Paulo State, Brazil     

Irino K  Kato MA  Vaz TM  Ramos II  Souza MA  Cruz AS  Gomes TA  Vieira MA  Guth BE 《Veterinary microbiology》2005,105(1):29-36

In order to determine the occurrence, serotypes and virulence markers of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains, 153 fecal samples of cattle randomly selected from six dairy farms in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, were examined for Shiga toxin (Stx) production by the Vero cell assay. Feces were directly streaked onto MacConkey Sorbitol Agar and incubated at 37 degrees C overnight. Sorbitol-negative colonies (maximum 20) and up to 10 sorbitol-positive colonies from each plate were subcultured onto presumptive diagnostic medium IAL. Sorbitol-negative isolates were screened with O157 antiserum for identification of O157:H7 E. coli. Isolates presenting cytotoxic activity were submitted to colony hybridization assays with specific DNA probes for stx1, stx2, eae, Ehly and astA genes. The isolation rate of STEC ranged from 3.8 to 84.6% depending on the farm analysed. STEC was identified in 25.5% of the animals, and most of them (64.1%) carried a single STEC serotype. A total of 202 STEC isolates were recovered from the animals, and except for the 2 O157:H7 isolates all the others expressed cytotoxic activity. The great majority of the STEC isolates carried both stx1 and stx2 genes (114/202, 56.4%) or stx2 (82/202, 40.6%); and whereas the Ehly sequence occurred in most of them (88%) eae was only observed in O157:H7 and O111:HNM isolates. Serotypes O113:H21, O178:H19 and O79:H14 were the most frequent STEC serotypes identified and widely distributed among animals from different farms, while others such as O77:H18, O88:H25 and O98:H17 occurred only in particular farms. This is the first report on the occurrence of STEC in dairy cattle in Sao Paulo State, and the results point to substantial differences in rate of isolation, serotypes and genetic profile of STEC that has been previously described among beef cattle in our community. Moreover, to our knowledge O79:H14 and O98:H17 represent new STEC serotypes, while O178:H19 has only been recently reported in Spain.  相似文献   

Acute haemorrhagic leucoencephalitis in a Californian sea lion (Zalophus californianus)     

Shibahara T  Sato K  Kato M  Takeda A  Yokota T  Ishikawa Y  Kadota K 《The Veterinary record》2004,154(9):270-272

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Serological evidence of akabane virus infection in northern Israel in 2001   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Brenner J  Tsuda T  Yadin H  Kato T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(4):441-443

In February 2002 the first cases of a "blind newborn calves" syndrome with hydranencephaly appeared in Israel. Eighty-one serum samples, from 54 animals on farms where the syndrome was recorded and 27 others from unaffected farms were examined by neutralization of Akabane virus (AKAV, strain OBE-1) by the micro-titer method. Forty-seven of the 54 samples from the affected farms contained high serum neutralization titers against AKAV (mean SN titer 79.5 and +/- 44.7, standard deviation), whereas only one of the 27 samples from the unaffected farms was positive (titer of 8). These results suggest that the vector(s) of AKAV was circulating in Israel in August through December, 2001.  相似文献   

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry of asteroid Itokawa by Hayabusa     

Okada T  Shirai K  Yamamoto Y  Arai T  Ogawa K  Hosono K  Kato M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5778):1338-1341

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry of asteroid 25143 Itokawa was performed by the x-ray spectrometer onboard Hayabusa during the first touchdown on 19 November 2005. We selected those data observed during relatively enhanced solar activity and determined average elemental mass ratios of Mg/Si = 0.78 +/- 0.09 and Al/Si = 0.07 +/- 0.03. Our preliminary results suggest that Itokawa has a composition consistent with that of ordinary chondrites, but primitive achondrites cannot be ruled out. Among ordinary chondrites, LL- or L-chondrites appear to be more likely than H-chondrites. No substantial regional difference was found on the asteroid surface, indicating its homogeneity in composition.  相似文献   

Gene expressions of canine angiopoietin-1 and -2 in normal tissues and spontaneous tumours     

Kato Y  Asano K  Mizutani I  Konno T  Sasaki Y  Kutara K  Teshima K  Edamura K  Kano R  Suzuki K  Shibuya H  Sato T  Hasegawa A  Tanaka S 《Research in veterinary science》2006,81(2):280-286

The angiopoietin (Ang) family of proteins are central to the regulation of angiogenesis. The purposes of this study were to determine cDNA sequences of canine Ang-1 and Ang-2 and investigate their expressions in normal tissues and spontaneous tumours. The cDNA sequences of canine Ang-1 and Ang-2 were 1,494 and 1,488 bp, and the deduced amino acid sequences were 497 and 495 residues, respectively. The cDNA sequences of canine Ang-1 and Ang-2 showed high homology with those of the other mammalian species. Canine Ang-1 and Ang-2 mRNA were detectable in all 22 normal tissues and spontaneous tumours. Higher mRNA expression level of canine Ang-2 was demonstrated in mammary simple carcinomas, haemangiosarcoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in comparison with normal tissues.  相似文献