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101.
The ark shell Anadara granosa is a species peculiar to the Ariake Sound. To determine why distribution of A. granosa in Japan is largely confined to this area, we examined feeding and growth of A. granosa as functions of environmental and biological variables. The results were compared with those of another ark shell Scapharca subcrenata, which is ubiquitous in Japan. Feeding experiments indicated that A. granosa is eurythermal and euryhaline, as is S. subcrenata, but is adapted to temperature slightly higher than S. subcrenata. Weight-specific clearance rate (CR) of A. granosa as a function of soft-body dry-weight (w) followed the power function of w (CR=2.7×w
−0.37), with coefficient and exponent very close to those for S. subcrenata. Growth rate of A. granosa increased linearly with daily ration, similar to S. subcrenata. Thus, feeding and growth characteristics of A. granosa were comparable to those of S. subcrenata and no ‘peculiarities’ of the former were detected. Therefore, the factors that make A. granosa a species restricted to the sound are probably not directly related to feeding or growth characteristics. 相似文献
102.
Influence of Hatchery Protocols on Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Japanese Flounder Juveniles 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Takashi Asahida Yumi Shinotsuka Unji Saitoh Yoh Yamashita Hitoshi Ida Ken-Ichi Hayashizaki 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2003,34(2):121-132
The Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus is a commercially important fish that is stocked extensively from hatchery rearing programs in Japan. To examine the genetic variability of hatchery-raised juveniles of the Japanese flounder that are used for stocking into natural waters, we analyzed a portion of the mitochondrial genome. The mtDNA region extending from the 3'half of the cytochrome b gene to the central domain of the control region was PCR amplified and analyzed using 11 restriction endonucleases. We identified 34 polymorphic cleavage sites out of a total of 61 sites, which resulted in 67 different haplotypes in a total of 265 offspring, examined from eight hatchery stocks. Haplotype diversity of offspring at each of the eight hatcheries ranged from 0.49 ± 0.09 (SE) to 0.94 ± 0.03 (SE). Also, we observed 40 polymorphic sites out of a total of 59 sites, which resulted in a total of 50 haplotypes in 60 wild flounder. Haplotype diversity of the wild population was 0.98 ± 0.01 (SE). The use of subcultured fishes as broodstock appears to be one of the most important causes of reduced genetic diversity in hatchery-raised flounder juvenile. Our results suggest that the use of wild fish for broodstock is an effective way to maintain genetic variability in Japanese flounder offspring. 相似文献
103.
104.
Kasumi Ito Yumi Oura Hiroyuki Takeya Shigeaki Hattori Katsuhiro Kitagawa Dinesh Paudel Govindra Paudel 《Journal of Forest Research》2005,10(6):453-463
Despite high expectations of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) as project partners in bilateral-aid community forestry
(CF) projects in Nepal, it remains unclear whether the NGO involvement favored by donors is efficient. This study examined
the influence of NGOs on local people's perceptions of CF management by using a quantitative analysis based on a questionnaire
survey. Three different forest user groups (FUGs) supported by the Nepal Swiss Community Forestry Project were selected from
the Dolakha and Ramecchap districts: an FUG supported by another FUG acting as an NGO, an FUG supported by an NGO specializing
in CF, and an FUG without NGO support. A structured survey examined the perception of CF management based on satisfaction,
involvement, and self-reliance in 244 selected households belonging to the three FUGs. Knowledge of CF and personal information
was also surveyed and analyzed. The results showed that NGO involvement influences factors such as self-reliance and knowledge
of CF. FUG members who were supported by an NGO or an FUG had a significantly higher perception with respect to self-reliance
and knowledge than did members without such support. This indicates that experienced FUGs can serve as adequate service providers
for the CF formation procedure, in a manner similar to that of NGOs. On the other hand, the limited support from NGOs or FUGs
during the formation process seemed insufficient to fulfill the expectations of aid agencies with respect to the enhancement
of satisfaction and active participation on the part of FUG members. If aid agencies expect NGOs and FUGs to enhance the satisfaction
and participation of members, these intermediary organizations should be assigned to support more CF activities than just
the formation procedure. Aid agencies should take responsibility for strengthening the capabilities of NGOs and FUGs, as needed. 相似文献
105.
Tetsushi ONO Keiichi HISAEDA Yoichi INOUE Yutaka YAMADA Kenichi SHIBANO Ikki MITSUI Chizuka HENMI Yumi UNE Hideaki HAYASHI Sanggun ROH Masakatsu NOHARA Eiji UCHIDA Hajime NAGAHATA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(2):220
This study reports findings from the pathological examination of the forestomach of an 11-month-old Japanese Black steer with severely retarded growth (41% of expected weight) and chronic ruminal tympany. The ruminal papillae were weakly formed (0.3–0.5 cm long) and unevenly distributed. The cellulae and cristae reticuli were underdeveloped; the cristae were 0.4–0.7 cm in height and milky white. The keratinized layer in the stratified squamous epithelium was thickened. Ruminal pH was 5.25, and ruminal volatile fatty acid concentration was 11.7 mM. The steer’s severely retarded growth was considered to be caused by malnutrition due to developmental and functional failure of the forestomach. 相似文献
106.
New canine parvovirus 2a infection in an imported Asian small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinereus) in Japan
Kenichi TAMUKAI Shohei MINAMI Sho KADEKARU Ikki MITSUI Ken MAEDA Yumi UNE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(3):507
Post-import from the Republic of Indonesia to Japan in 2017, two juvenile, captive bred Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinereus) exhibited gastrointestinal symptoms, including vomiting, diarrhea, and hematemesis, and died. One of them was examined postmortem. Microscopically, the small intestinal mucosa was necrotic with crypts lined by regenerating large epithelial cells. A gastric cardiac mucosal ulcerative lesion containing fungal yeasts and pseudohyphae morphologically indicated Candida spp. The lymph nodes exhibited marked lymphoid depletion. Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) was isolated from an oral swab, and virus protein 2 (VP2) gene sequencing revealed new CPV-2a. To our knowledge, this is the first new CPV-2a infection report in Asian small-clawed otters. This infection should be considered in gastrointestinal symptom-related cases in this species. 相似文献
107.
Shin-ichi NAKAMURA Hideki HAYASHIDANI Yukari SOTOHIRA Yumi UNE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(2):297-299
Two captive Keel-billed toucans and a Chestnut-mandibled toucan in another zoological garden died suddenly
without any pre-existing symptoms, and three months later, a Japanese squirrel died of diarrhea. All these
animals showed necrotic enteritis and multifocal necrosis in the liver and spleen with Gram negative bacilli.
The bacilli showed strong positive immunolabeling for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O4 in the
Keel-billed toucans, Y. pseudotuberculosis O2 in the Chestnut-mandibled toucan and Y.
pseudotuberculosis O1 in the Japanese squirrel, while Y. pseudotuberculosis 4b, 2b
and 1b were respectively isolated from the lesions. To our knowledge, this might be the first reported case of
fatal yersiniosis in a Japanese squirrel in the world as well as in toucans in Japan. 相似文献
108.
Yumi Umeda Tatsuya Kasai Misae Saito Hitomi Kondo Tadao Toya Shigetoshi Aiso Hirokazu Okuda Tomoshi Nishizawa Shoji Fukushima 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(2):131-140
To evaluate pulmonary toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), F344 rats of
both sexes were exposed by inhalation to 0.2, 1 or 5 mg/m3 MWCNT aerosol for 6
h/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks using a whole-body exposure system. At the end of the
2-week exposure period, one-half of the rats were necropsied, and at the end of an
additional 4-week postexposure period, the remaining rats were necropsied. MWCNTs were
deposited in the lungs of all MWCNT-exposed groups and mostly remained in the lungs
throughout the 4-week postexposure period. Granulomatous changes in the lung were found in
the rats exposed to 5 mg/m3 MWCNTs, and these changes were slightly aggravated
at the end of the 4-week postexposure period. In the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF),
the numbers of neutrophils, percentages of bi- and multinucleated alveolar macrophages,
levels of ALP activity and concentrations of total protein and albumin were elevated in
the rats exposed to 1 and 5 mg/m3 MWCNTs. At the end of the 4-week postexposure
period, the values of the BALF parameters tended to remain elevated. In addition, goblet
cell hyperplasias in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx were observed in the rats exposed to
1 and 5 mg/m3 MWCNTs, but these lesions had largely regressed by the end of the
postexposure period. Based on the histopathological and inflammatory changes, the
no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for inhalation of MWCNTs for 2 weeks was 0.2
mg/m3. 相似文献
109.
Michiru Fukasawa Masatoshi Kawahata Yumi Higashiyama Tokushi Komatsu 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(2):394-400
The aim of this study is to identify the factors that comprise farmer attitudes toward dairy cows and jobs in Japan, and examine the relationship between these attitudes and dairy productivity. At first, we executed a questionnaire survey to determine factors that comprise attitudes of farmers toward their jobs and dairy cows, and three factors were extracted. These were named as ‘Positive beliefs to cows’, ‘Negative beliefs to cows’ and ‘Job satisfaction’, respectively. Second, we examined the relationships between attitude and dairy productivity in 35 dairy farms. The positive beliefs scores correlated positively both with milk yield and milk urea nitrogen concentration. We found there to be three farm groups by cluster analysis using three attitude score. The group B farms showed significantly higher positive beliefs scores and job satisfaction scores; on the other hand, the group C farms showed significantly lower positive beliefs scores and higher negative belief scores. The milk yield in group B was significantly higher than that in group C. This study showed that Japanese farmers' attitudes toward cows considerably resemble those seen in previous studies in Western cultures. Positive attitudes toward cows could enhance stockmanship, and could improving animal welfare and productivity. 相似文献
110.
Shinichi SATO Tsuyoshi OHTAKE Yoshinobu UEMOTO Yumi OKUMURA Eiji KOBAYASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(1):1-6
Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF1) plays an important role in muscle development in chickens. In this study, an F2 chicken population of 362 individuals, obtained from an intercross between high breast muscle yield line males and low breast muscle yield (LB) line females, was constructed for investigating the associations between IGF1 gene and breast muscle yields. The IGF1 sequence was investigated in the grandparents. There were no differences in the exon sequences. However, sequence analysis of the IGF1 promoter revealed a known single nucleotide polymorphism (g.570C > A) in LB line grandparents. PCR – restriction fragment length polymorphism was used for screening the F2 population, which was evaluated for body weight (BW), carcass weight (CW), breast muscle weight (BMW), and breast fillet weight (BFW). Significant associations with the polymorphism were detected for BMW, BFW, BMW% and BFW%, although there were no associations between the polymorphism and BW or CW. The allelic effect on BMW, BFW, BMW% and BFW% acted in additive and dominance modes. We confirmed that the g.570C > A polymorphism is significantly associated with breast muscle yields in the F2 population. Therefore, this polymorphism in the IGF1 gene may help improve breast muscle yields by marker‐assisted selection. 相似文献