Reporter Gene Analysis of AKT3-1 and AKT3-2 Expression During Conidial Germination of the Japanese Pear Pathotype of Alternaria alternata     

Aiko TANAKA  Takashi TSUGE 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(1):15-22

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Effect of Harpin from Four Pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae on Pea Defense Responses     

Rui TANAKA  Fumiko TAGUCHI  Yuki ICHINOSE  Kazuhiro TOYODA  Tomonori SHIRAISHI  Tetsuji YAMADA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(2):148-151

To investigate the role of the proteinaceous elicitor, harpin, on host and nonhost plants, we isolated the harpin-coding gene, hrpZ, from Pseudomonas syringae pvs. pisi, glycinea, tabaci and tomato. Effects of the recombinant harpin proteins on pea plants were analyzed and compared with the effects of the corresponding bacterial treatment. After inoculation of pea with pea pathogen P. syringae pv. pisi, the bacterial population increased and the accumulation of PAL-mRNA and pisatin was inhibited. The nonpathogenic pathovars, glycinea, tabaci and tomato induced both defense responses in pea. However, none of the harpins induced the hypersensitive reaction or accumulation of PAL-mRNA and pisatin in pea. Harpins from P. syringae pvs. glycinea, tomato and pisi did induce these defense responses in tobacco, however, suggesting that externally applied harpins either are not recognized or are nonfunctional in pea plants. Received 27 June 2000/ Accepted in revised form 21 February 2001  相似文献   

Effects of Susceptibility of Test Plants on Modes of Cucumovirus Transmission by Myzus persicae     

Mitsuro KAMEYA-IWAKI  Shigeyoshi MUKU  Shin-ichi ITO  Shuhei TANAKA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(1):69-72

In sequential transmission tests of Peanut stunt virus S (PSV-S) and Cucumber mosaic virus V (CMV-V) using Myzus persicae, these viruses behave as a semipersistent virus in Phaseolus vulgaris, but as a nonpersistent virus in Nicotiana tabacum, regardless of the species of plant used as the virus source. In addition, viruliferous aphids retained virus infectivity and transmitted it to P. vulgaris, even after they lost infectivity to N. tabacum. Apparently, the mode of transmission by the aphids differs depending on the plant species used for the assay. After mechanical inoculation with purified PSV-S or CMV-V, P. vulgaris appeared more susceptible to PSV-S than N. tabacum. However, the susceptibility to CMV-V appeared similar in both assay plants. Received 22 May 2000/ Accepted in revised form 14 September 2000  相似文献   

Effects of auxin and jasmonates on 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase gene expression during ripening of apple fruit     

Satoru Kondo  Siriwan Meemak  Yusuke Ban  Takaya Moriguchi  Takeo Harada 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2009,51(2):281-284

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and oxidase activities, their gene expression, and ethylene production in apple fruit [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. Var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] treated with a synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-propionic acid (2,4-DP) and n-propyl dihydrojasmonate (PDJ), a jasmonic acid derivative, has been investigated to clarify the action of auxin and jasmonates on ethylene production. The fruit was harvested at 103 d after full bloom (preclimacteric). The expression of MdACS4 messenger RNA (mRNA) at 48 and 96 h after treatment was higher in fruit treated with 2,4-DP than in the untreated control, but those of MdACS1 and MdACO1 were not affected by treatment. The ethylene production in 2,4-DP-treated fruit increased at 96 h after treatment. In contrast, expression of mRNAs hybridized with MdACS1 and MdACO1 probes in the skin of PDJ-treated fruit were higher than those in the untreated control. In addition, ACC synthase activity and ethylene production also increased after treatment. These results show that the ethylene production rate may differ with the kind of genes which were stimulated by auxin or jasmonates.  相似文献   

The Survival of Cefazolin Resistant Bacteria in Thermophilic Co-digestion of Dairy Manure and Waste Milk     

N.  Beneragama M. Yusuke  T.  Yamashiro M. Iwasaki  L.S.  Adekunle K. Umetsu 《农业科学与技术》2011,(8):1181-1186

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<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>,<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-dimethylsphingosine,an inhibitor of sphingosine kinase,induces phytoalexin production and hypersensitive cell death of Solanaceae plants without generation of reactive oxygen species     

Sadao Uruma  Yusuke Shibata  Daigo Takemoto  Kazuhito Kawakita 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(4):257-266

Plant recognition of elicitors derived from pathogens induces various resistant reactions, including production of reactive oxygen species, hypersensitive cell death and accumulation of phytoalexins. Previously, we isolated a ceramide elicitor from Phytophthora infestans, which activates O₂ ⁻ production of potato suspension-cultured cells. In this study, we employed nine ceramide-related chemicals to test their elicitor activity. Although, none of the tested chemicals induced O₂ ⁻ production, N,N-dimethylsphingosine (DMS) induced accumulation of phytoalexin in potato tubers. In potato, tobacco and Nicotiana benthamiana, DMS also induced rapid cell death. DMS-treated potato cells stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) showed chromatin condensation, and isolated DNA from DMS-treated cells had ladder pattern, confirming that DMS-induced plant cell death is a hypersensitive reaction-like programmed cell death. Involvement of ceramide signaling in induction of plant defense reactions is discussed. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

Semipersistency of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Myzus persicae</Emphasis> Transmission of Cucumoviruses Systemically Infecting Leguminous Plants     

Mitsuro KAMEYA-IWAKI  Kimiaki MURAKAMI  Shin-ichi ITO  Kaoru HANADA  Shuhei TANAKA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(1):64-67

Sequential transmission tests of Peanut stunt virus (PSV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) systemically infecting common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, were conducted using Myzus persicae allowed to fast for 2 hr and then to acquisition feed on infected common bean plants or purified virus for 10 min. In the sequential transmission tests using either one or 10 aphids per assay plant, three isolates of PSV (J,S,Y5) and one of CMV (V) were transmitted from and to common bean up to a third or fourth inoculation access. Many aphids transmitted these viruses to two or three plants. Purified viruses of PSV-S and CMV-V were also transmitted up to a third or second inoculation access at low percentage. On tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, aphids transmitted PSV-S and CMV-V only in the first inoculation access, although PSV-S was transmitted to only one plant in the fourth and fifth inoculation access. These viruses may be transmitted in two phases by aphids, depending on the plant species. Received 16 April 1999/ Accepted in revised form 1 September 1999  相似文献   

Quantitative mapping of kelp forests (Laminaria spp.) before and after harvest in coastal waters of the Shiretoko Peninsula,Hokkaido, Japan     

Kenji Minami  Naoki Tojo  Hiroki Yasuma  Yusuke Ito  Takahiro Nobetsu  Shin-ichi Fukui  Kazushi Miyashita 《Fisheries Science》2014,80(3):405-413

In the Shiretoko Peninsula, a World Natural Heritage site, the sustainable management of kelp forests has drawn public attention because of the economic and ecological importance of kelp. We spatially estimated the distributions of kelp forests in the Shiretoko Peninsula before and after harvest. Field surveys were conducted in coastal waters (23.74 km²) at the ends of July and August 2008, immediately before and after harvest. Data on the presence or absence and thickness of the kelp forests were collected via acoustic observation. The data were interpolated using geostatistical methods. Before harvest, the kelp forests were continuously distributed over 5.64 km² (thickness 33–132 cm), especially near the north part of the study area. After harvest, they were sparsely distributed over 2.73 km² (thickness 35–105 cm). In the southern part of the study area, the influence of harvests was observed as declines in forest area. In addition, relatively thickly forested areas formed the majority of the part most likely to be harvested. Selective harvesting for area and size was confirmed though quantitative mapping of kelp forests. The quantitative mapping of both the distribution and harvest of kelp forests was successful.  相似文献   

Level of VERNALIZATION 1 expression is correlated with earliness in extra early-flowering mutant wheat lines     

Aiko Nishiura  Yusuke Kazama  Tomoko Abe  Nobuyuki Mizuno  Shuhei Nasuda  Koji Murai 《Breeding Science》2014,64(3):213-221

Four extra early-flowering mutants, named extra early-flowering1 (exe1), exe2, exe3, and exe4, were identified in Triticum monococcum strain KU104-1 following heavy-ion beam mutagenesis. The four exe mutants fell into two groups, namely Type I (moderately extra early-flowering type; exe1 and exe3) and Type II (extremely extra early-flowering type; exe2 and exe4). Analysis of plant development in a growth chamber showed that the speed of leaf emergence was accelerated in exe mutants at the reproductive stage compared to wild-type (WT) plants. The speed of leaf emergence was faster in Type II than Type I plants. Analysis of VERNALIZATION 1 (VRN1), a flowering promoter gene, showed that it was more highly expressed in seedlings at early developmental stages in Type II mutants than Type I mutants. These findings indicate that the difference in earliness between Type I and Type II mutants is associated with the level of VRN1 expression. The original KU104-1 is an einkorn wheat strain that carries a null allele of the VRN2 gene, a repressor of flowering. Thus, our results indicate that the level of VRN1 expression controls earliness in exe mutants independently of VRN2.  相似文献   

Chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of an African lion (Panthera leo) and a clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa)     

Akitsugu SENDA  Emi HATAKEYAMA  Rui KOBAYASHI  Kenji FUKUDA  Yusuke UEMURA  Tadao SAITO  Craig PACKER  Olav T. OFTEDAL  Tadasu URASHIMA 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(6):687-693

The Carnivora include the superfamilies Canoidea and Feloidea. In species of Canoidea other than the domestic dog, Canis lupus, the milk contains only traces of lactose and much larger concentrations of oligosaccharides. In this study, lactose was found to be the dominant saccharide in the milk or colostrum of two species of Feloidea, namely the African lion (Panthera leo) and the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa). In addition to lactose, the following oligosaccharides were characterized in the milk of a lion; Neu5Gc(α2‐3)Gal(β1‐4)Glc (3′‐NGc‐SL), Fuc(α1‐2)Gal(β1‐4)Glc (2′‐fucosyllactose) and GalNAc(α1‐3)[Fuc(α1‐2)]Gal(β1‐4)Glc (A‐tetrasaccharide). The colostrum of a clouded leopard contained 3′‐NGc‐SL, Gal(α1‐3)Gal(β1‐4)Glc (isoglobotriose) and A‐tetrasaccharide. These oligosaccharides differ in some respects from those previously identified in another species of Feloidea, the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta). These milks contained 3′‐NGc‐SL and A‐tetrasaccharide, while spotted hyena colostrum did not; however, it contained Neu5Ac(α2‐3)Gal(β1‐4)Glc (3′‐NAc‐SL) and Gal(α1‐3)[Fuc(α1‐2)]Gal(β1‐4)Glc (B‐tetrasaccharide).  相似文献