Multimarker and rare variants genomewide association studies for bone weight in Simmental cattle          下载免费PDF全文

J. Miao  X. Wang  J. Bao  S. Jin  T. Chang  J. Xia  L. Yang  B. Zhu  L. Xu  L. Zhang  X. Gao  Y. Chen  J. Li  H. Gao 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2018,135(3):159-169

Bone weight, defined as the total weight of the bones in all the forequarter and hindquarter joints, can reflect somebody conformation traits and skeletal diseases. To gain a better understanding of the genetic determinants of bone weight, we used a composite strategy including multimarker and rare‐marker association to perform genomewide association studies (GWAS) for that character in Simmental cattle. Our strategy consisted of three models: (i) A traditional linear mixed model (LMM) was applied (Q+K‐LMM); (ii) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with p‐values less than .05 from the LMM were selected to undergo the least absolute shrinkage and selector operator (Lasso) in the second stage (LMM‐Lasso); (iii) genes containing two or more rare SNPs were examined by performing the sequence kernel association test (gene‐based SKAT). A total of 1,225 cattle were genotyped with an Illumina BovineHD BeadChip containing 770,000 SNPs. After the quality‐control procedures, 1,217 individuals with 608,696 common SNPs and 105,787 rare SNPs (with 0.001 < minor allele frequency [MAF] <0.05) remained in the sample for analysis. A traditional LMM successfully mapped three genes associated with bone weight, while LMM‐Lasso identified nine genes, which included all genes found by traditional LMM. Only a single gene, EPHB3, surpassed the significance threshold after Bonferroni correction in gene‐based SKAT. In conclusion, based on functional annotation and results from previous endeavours, we believe that LCORL, RIMS2, LAP3, PRKAR2B, CHSY1, MAP2K6 and EPHB3 are candidate genes for bone weight. In general, such a comprehensive strategy for GWAS may be useful for researchers seeking to probe the full genetic architecture underlying economic traits in livestock.  相似文献   

补饲水平对甘肃高山细毛羊生产性能的影响     

靳继鹏  王春辉  张利平  张筱艳  张昌吉 《草业科学》2018,35(4):906-915

为了探讨补饲水平对高寒牧区甘肃高山细毛羊生产性能的影响,本研究选择12月龄甘肃高山细毛后备母羊48只,随机分为补饲Ⅰ组(颗粒饲料)、Ⅱ组[玉米(Zea mays)和苜蓿(Medicago sativa)干草]、Ⅲ组[玉米、苜蓿干草和燕麦(Avena sativa)干草]和对照组(不补饲),进行冬春季"放牧"+"补饲"试验,比较了后备母羊体重,剪毛量,毛纤维长度、细度、白度、强度和伸度等物理指标。结果表明,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组试验羊平均日增重分别比对照组高148.29%、133.09%、96.76%;剪毛量各组之间差异不显著(P0.05);自然长度和伸直长度对照组均极显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P0.01),且自然长度Ⅰ组极显著高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P0.01),伸直长度Ⅲ组极显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P0.01),Ⅱ组显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);细度(直径)Ⅰ组最大,Ⅰ组极显著高于对照组(P0.01),且显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05);白度Ⅰ组最高,Ⅰ组显著高于对照组(P0.05),其他各组之间均差异不显著(P0.05);强度和伸度补饲组均极显著高于对照组(P0.01),且强度Ⅰ组极显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.01),伸度Ⅰ组显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05)。由此可见,补饲对体重、羊毛品质都有显著正向影响,高寒牧区冬春季节牧草营养缺乏,为了满足羊只营养需要,使甘肃高山细毛羊后备母羊能在1.5岁进行配种繁殖,在冷季放牧的基础上补饲1号料为最佳选择。  相似文献   

紫花苜蓿细胞质雄性不育恢复基因的初步定位   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张世超  王英哲  金艳  陈晶晶  王莹  徐博 《草业科学》2018,35(5):1067-1071

以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)不育系MS-GN-1A为母本,恢复系MS178为父本组合构建BSA分离群体,获得的F1代均表现为雄性可育,在大田种植了221株F2代群体单株,盛花期将花粉颗粒染色后,显微镜下观察统计出,不育的F2代株数为57,可育F2代株数164,并没有观察到半不育植株。将所有植株划分为可育和不育两组,并构建可育和不育DNA混池,混池DNA从可育和不育植株组DNA中各随机抽取20个样品,以此对恢复基因定位。随机挑选160对已知的四倍体苜蓿SSR引物扩增基因池DNA,获得2个具有多态性的分子标记,分别是Mt2c12、AW166,初步定位Rf基因在类群Composite5上。将类群Composite5上的所有引物进行合成,进一步进行引物筛选,最终获得4个具有多态性的标记BI68、Mt2c12、BG267和AW776153,遗传距离分别为19.0、20.9、44.6和72.1cM。  相似文献   

Impact of cold-season grazing and supplementary feeding on rumen metabolic parameters and micro-organisms in the ewes of Gansu Alpine Fine Wool Sheep北大核心CSCD     

Jin J.-P.  Guo W.-J.  Zhang X.-Y.  Zhang C.-J.  Zhang Y.  Wang C.-H.  Zhang L.-P. 《草业学报》2018,(7):93-102

An experiment was conducted to scientifically identify the appropriate feed for Gansu Alpine Fine Wool ewes in order to change the animals' breeding mode, which currently can only be mated at the age of 2.5 years due to insufficient nutritional supply. The experiment selected 48 12-month-old ewes and randomly divided them into group a (Diet 1), group b (Diet 2), group c (Diet 3), and a control group with no supplementary feeding. The feed test was run for 90 days. The rumen pH of groups a and b were very significantly higher (P<0.01) or group c significantly lower (P<0.05) than control group. The rumen ammonia nitrogen, protein nitrogen and total nitrogen of groups a, b and c were all higher than control group (P<0.01). The total volatile fatty acids of group a and b were all higher than the control group (P<0.01), group b significantly higher than group c (P<0.05). The molar ratio of acetic acid and propionic acid in group a was very significantly higher than control group (P<0.01), group b and c were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). The molar ratio of butyric acid in group a was very significantly higher than group c (P<0.01). The ratio of acetic acid and propionic acid in group b was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). The number of several rumen fiber-degrading bacteria and protozoa in groups a, b and c were very significantly (P<0.01) or significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control. In conclusion, this study shows that supplementary feeding can positively affect the rumen metabolic parameters and the number of several rumen microorganisms in Gansu Alpine Fine Wool ewes. In general, the effects of Diet 1 were the strongest, while Diet 2 also produced notable improvements. © 2018, Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

湖南省某生猪批发市场疫病传播风险评估     

杨宏琳  谭庆辉  张家军  李印  张毅  王幼明  康京丽  金秋实  张强  沈朝建 《中国动物检疫》2018,35(4):21-25

为评估湖南省某生猪批发市场猪群疫病的发生风险,找出可能的风险因素,便于提出针对性预防措施,采用自行设计的调查问卷,结合访谈和现场调查,对27户经营户进行了调查,并将调查结果和调运数据相结合进行了疫病传播风险定性评估。结果显示:该市场疫病传入的可能性"高",内部传播的可能性"中等",疫病传出的可能性"高"。生猪调运频次多、数量大,经纪人行为复杂,运输车辆清洗消毒不彻底是可能的风险因素。评估结果提示,应尽量减少经纪人行为影响,重点加强对运输车辆的清洗消毒。  相似文献   

Copper‐Induced Oxidative Stress and Responses of the Antioxidant System in Roots of Medicago sativa     

S.‐H. Wang  H. Zhang  Q. Zhang  G.‐M. Jin  S.‐J. Jiang  D. Jiang  Q.‐Y. He  Z.‐P. Li 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2011,197(6):418-429

The effects of various copper (Cu) concentrations on the antioxidative system in the roots of Medicago sativa were explored. The results indicated that the Cu content of the roots reached a value of 854 μg g^?1 DW at 10 μm Cu and a value of 4415 μg g^?1 DW at 100 μm Cu, suggesting that M. sativa has better ability to tolerate and accumulate Cu than other Cu‐bioaccumulators, and is a potential plant for phytoremediation. Treatment with Cu resulted in a significant increment in the levels of H₂O₂, O₂˙^? and OH˙. The reduced form of ascorbate and glutathione reached a peak at 30 μm Cu, and was followed by a sharp depletion to a lower level than that of the control. In contrast, the levels of the oxidised forms of ascorbate and glutathione showed a progressive increment with increasing Cu concentrations, suggesting that the antioxidant system was unable to cope with Cu stress at higher Cu levels. Under the Cu concentrations tested, the activity of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) increased at lower Cu concentrations, and then decreased, reaching a maximum at 30 μm of Cu for APX and GR, at 10 μm for CAT, whereas the activities of guaiacol peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) were gradually increased with increasing Cu concentrations. PAGE analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.1.5.1.1) revealed that one band is a Mn‐SOD and five bands are identified as Cu, Zn‐SOD, whereas Fe‐SOD isoforms were not found in the roots of alfalfa. Cu at 10–100 μm increased the intensity of constitutive isozymes of CAT, APX and POD, whereas it decreased the intensity of isozymes of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49) significantly. The activities of lipoxygenases (LOX, EC 1.13.11.12) were gradually augmented with increasing Cu concentrations, demonstrating that LOXs are probably involved in production of lipid hydroperoxides and superoxide anion. There was a continuous and pronounced enhancement in the activity of esterase (EST, EC 3.1.1.1) in roots treated with 10–30 Cu μm , whereas EST activity in roots exposed to above 30 μm Cu declined, suggesting that EST plays a protective role under lower Cu concentrations stress.  相似文献   

Effects of ‘Tent’ Mulching on Soil Temperature and Grape Growth in The Yellow River Delta Saline-Alkali in Spring     

WANG Hui  ZHAO Shuo  YANG XingWang  JIN MengLing  DU YuanPeng  GUAN XueQiang  ZHAI Heng 《中国农业科学》2019,52(16):2871-2879

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5-烯醇式丙酮酰-莽草酸-3-磷酸合成酶(EPSPS)基因AM79 aroA的活性位点分析     

曹高燚  陈荣荣  杜锦  陆伟  刘允军 《农业生物技术学报》2015,(5):606-616

AM79 aro A(WO/2009/059485)基因是从草甘膦高度污染的土壤中克隆的、具有我国自主知识产权的新型草甘膦抗性基因,具有重要应用价值。为进一步解析AM79 EPSPS蛋白的作用机制,本研究对此蛋白的活性位点进行了研究。进化树分析显示AM79 EPSPS属于Ⅰ型EPSPS。序列比对结果表明AM79 EPSPS中第107位的丙氨酸(Ala),第114位的苯丙氨酸(Phe),第355位的Ala和第356位的组氨酸(His)是特异的。采用重叠延伸PCR介导的核苷酸定点突变技术,对这些保守的氨基酸位点进行定点突变。将AM79 aro A及其突变基因转入大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)aro A缺陷型菌株ER2799中,并进行草甘膦抗性鉴定。结果显示,Phe114、Ala355和His356等氨基酸的突变,使AM79 EPSPS蛋白的草甘膦抗性降低,表明这些氨基酸位点对于维持AM79 EPSPS高抗草甘膦的能力是必需的。同源建模结果表明,这些保守氨基酸位点的突变,使AM79 EPSPS蛋白的结构发生变化,这可能是导致突变蛋白草甘膦抗性能力降低的原因。两个Ⅰ型EPSPS(荧光假单杆菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)G2EPSPS和拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)EPSPS)对应氨基酸突变后,其草甘膦抗性没有明显变化,表明AM79 EPSPS中几个特异的氨基酸位点的功能在Ⅰ型EPSPS中并不是保守的。本研究结果为解析AM79 EPSPS高抗草甘膦的作用机理及对AM79 EPSPS进行定向进化提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

河北省2018年第三季度马铃薯价格走势分析     

翟宇  王哲  王悦 《蔬菜》2019,(2):65-67

依据对马铃薯价格的实时监控，以2018年河北省第三季度马铃薯价格为主要研究对象，阐明了2018年河北省马铃薯价格横向水平及纵向变化趋势，并对影响价格的因素进行了数据分析。结果显示：在河北、山东、甘肃3大产区及全国，2018年第三季度河北省马铃薯价格处于最低水平，明显低于全国平均水平，但年同比增幅最大。分析表明：马铃薯库存、气候的变化以及马铃薯收获期是影响第三季度河北省马铃薯价格的主要因素。最后，根据分析结果，提出调整种植结构、适时出售的建议。  相似文献   

光质对番茄营养与风味品质的影响     

杨忠武  刘翼  金卓君  徐卫红 《中国农学通报》2020,36(34):134-141

以番茄为试验材料,在田间大棚设施条件下,选用白、蓝、黑、红、绿5种不同颜色的遮阳网,探讨不同光质对番茄营养与风味品质的影响。结果表明,在青熟期,黑色光质促进了总氮、蛋白氮以及非蛋白氮的积累。青熟期到转色期,白色光质的番茄有机酸总量较青熟期增加了4.57倍,蓝色和绿色光质提高了番茄的总糖和还原糖含量。从转色期到成熟期,番茄氨基酸含量大小表现为蓝色>绿色>黑色>红色>白色;黑色光质的番茄有机酸总量较转色期增加了27.8%;红色光质提高了番茄红素含量和Vc含量,降低了硝酸盐含量;白色、红色和绿色光质增加了番茄的总糖和还原糖含量。番茄主要风味物质(>30 μg/kg)为水杨酸甲酯、6-甲基-庚烯-2-酮、柠檬烯、反-2-己烯醛。红光使番茄水杨酸甲酯、6-甲基-庚烯-2-酮和己烯醛含量较白光增加了11.6%、20.2%和17.2%。在大田设施条件下,转色期到成熟期可以采用红色光质提高番茄果实营养品质和风味。  相似文献