Nonvolatiles of commercial lime and grapefruit oils separated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography     

Feger W  Brandauer H  Gabris P  Ziegler H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(6):2242-2252

The nonvolatile fractions of cold-pressed peel oils of Key and Persian lime as well as grapefruit were separated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HS-CCC). In addition to the isolation of the main coumarins, psoralens and polymethoxyflavones, a number of minor constituents were enriched and successfully characterized by GC-MS and HPLC-UV. 5,7,8-Trimethoxycoumarin and the cyclical acetals of oxypeucedanin hydrate with citral were determined as new nonvolatile trace constituents of lime oils and confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. The citral oxypeucedaninyl acetals were found particularly in Key lime oil type A, which as a result of the juice-oil contact, is exposed to acidic conditions during industrial processing. Some of the confirmed minor constituents, such as pabulenol, isooxypeucedanin, and oxypeucedanin methanolate in lime as well as auraptenol in grapefruit, may have been generated by hydrolysis-sensitive precursors during CCC separation or their respective industrial processing techniques.  相似文献   

The application of sexual coral recruits for the sustainable management of ex situ populations in public aquariums to promote coral reef conservation — SECORE Project     

Dirk Petersen  Michaël Laterveer  David Van Bergen  Masayuki Hatta  Rolf Hebbinghaus  Max Janse  Rachel Jones  Uwe Richter  Thomas Ziegler  Gerard Visser  Helmut Schuhmacher 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2006,16(2):167-179

• 1. SECORE (SExual COral REproduction) Project is an initiative of public aquariums and research institutions to produce and exchange sexual coral recruits for the sustainable management of ex situ populations. Here we present the results of the initial three years (2002–2004).
• 2. Primary polyps (n=501) of corals (Acropora tenuis, Agaricia humilis, Favia fragum) were transported from Rotterdam Zoo to Cologne, Burgers', Hagenbeck and London Zoos, where development of juveniles was monitored for 10 months. All polyps were produced at Rotterdam Zoo from laboratory colonies (A. humilis, F. fragum), and from larvae generated from field collected gametes at Akajima, Okinawa, Japan (A. tenuis). Additionally, planulae of A. tenuis (n=1440) were transported from Rotterdam Zoo to Burgers' Zoo and to London Zoo to obtain primary polyps.
• 3. Larval settlement (A. tenuis) was observed to be 3.00 ± 2.57% (mean ± SD; n=1480) in 2002 and 17.36 ± 6.01% (mean ± SD; n=1480) in 2003, significantly lower compared to settlement at Rotterdam Zoo (57.84 ± 11.01% in 2003; mean ± SD, n=1480). High post‐transport survival rates of 95.18 ± 4.86% (mean ± SD; n=501) were observed in primary polyps of all species.
• 4. Juvenile survival (t=10 months; A. tenuis: 18.4–86.2%; A. humilis: 0–19.7%; F. fragum: 13.3–72.7%) differed significantly between institutions. Mean colony sizes (measured 10 months after transportation) were, in all cases, similar or higher to those reported from literature.
• 5. The results demonstrate the potential of this method to serve as an economical and sustainable alternative to existing mostly exploitative techniques for aquarium stocking. The use of sexual recruits provides an effective and low cost alternative, which is, in principle, applicable to all coral species.
• 6. The project was extended from 9 to 28 institutions across Europe, the USA and Japan in 2004.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

江西阳际峰自然保护区土壤的微生物学性状     

郑诗樟  王景明  肖青亮  乐新贵  张仪平 《江西农业大学学报》2012,(1):191-196

研究阳际峰自然保护区不同海拔梯度土壤剖面状况及其微生物学性状,探讨土壤微生物量C与N、酶活性、微生物商与呼吸速率的变化及其相互关系。结果发现,不同海拔梯度土壤在微生物学性状上均有较大差异。总的趋势是植被覆盖度高,地形平缓,土层厚,微生物活性强,且与海拔梯度呈显著正相关。在剖面分布上,也有明显的层次差异,即随土层的增加而减少。  相似文献   

Synovial tumours in dogs     

LE Craig 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3)

The morphological characteristics, breed predispositions, site predilections and behaviour of three of the most common types of synovial tumours were discussed. Synovial histiocytic sarcoma represents 50% of synovial tumours, occurring in breeds predisposed to histiocytic sarcoma, and has a poor prognosis. Their histological appearance is similar to histiocytic sarcomas occurring elsewhere. The stifle is the most common site; dogs with ruptured cranial cruciate ligament are predisposed. Synovial cell sarcoma represents 15% of synovial tumours in dogs. They have non-specific spindle cell morphology, and can only be distinguished using cytokeratin immunohistochemistry, which will label a small percentage of the spindle cells. Amputation is often curative, but metastases can occur. Synovial myxoma represents 20% of synovial tumours in dogs. They have a characteristic morphology of myxomatous nodules filling the joint cavity and sometimes extending into the surrounding tissues, including bone. Labrador Retrievers and Doberman Pinschers are predisposed, and the stifle and digit are the most common sites. Prognosis is good; even with incomplete excision some dogs survive years without progression or metastasis. Histopathological examination of synovial tumours is essential to determine the course of treatment, and prognosis.  相似文献   

滑皮金柑和融安金柑外观、风味及营养成分比较     

马张正  马巧利  辜青青  勒思  雷常玉  魏清江 《浙江农业学报》2019,31(4):654

滑皮金柑是融安金柑的实生变异品种,为探明其品质特性,本研究以融安金柑为对照,比较二者果实外观、风味和营养成分的差异。结果表明,滑皮金柑单果质量、纵横径、果皮油胞数和色泽CCI值均显著低于融安金柑。滑皮金柑果实剪切力较低,其他质构指标均显著高于对照。糖酸含量分析表明:滑皮金柑果皮和果肉中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖以及总糖含量均显著高于融安金柑;滑皮金柑果皮中柠檬酸和苹果酸含量显著低于对照,而乙酸、马来酸和富马酸含量则显著高于对照;在果肉中,滑皮金柑的柠檬酸和丁二酸含量显著低于对照,而酒石酸、草酸、乙酸、马来酸、富马酸含量均显著高于对照。此外,滑皮金柑果皮和果肉中V_C含量相对较低,但总多酚和总黄酮含量显著高于对照。同时滑皮金柑中积累了更多香豆酸和阿魏酸,总酚酸含量也高于对照。  相似文献   

分散固相萃取结合气相串联质谱法检测 黑胡椒中19种农药残留          下载免费PDF全文

吴南村  张群  李春丽  刘春华  乐渊  吴学进 《南方农业学报》2019,50(3):656-661

[目的]建立分散固相萃取结合气相串联质谱法测定黑胡椒中敌敌畏、联苯菊酯、氯氰菊酯等19种农药残留的方法,为黑胡椒产品的多种农药残留同时检测提供技术支持.[方法]黑胡椒样品采用乙腈提取,提取液经吸附剂净化后过膜上机,由HP-5MS色谱柱分离,在电喷雾离子源的多反应监测模式下对19种农药进行检测.通过正交试验优化无水硫酸镁、乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷(PSA)、石墨化炭黑(GCB)和C184种吸附剂的配比.[结果]100 mg无水硫酸镁+20 mg PSA+50 mg GCB+40 mg C18为最佳配比的混合吸附剂;19种农药采用外标法定量;基质标准溶液在0.004~1.00 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(R>0.9900);53%农药为强基质效应,其中大部分为有机磷类农药,42%为中等基质效应;样品在3个不同添加水平下回收率为76.0%~114.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)(n=3)在2.0%~12.0%,均小于15.0%,苯醚甲环唑检出限为0.010 mg/kg,其余农药检出限为0.007 mg/kg.[结论]建立的分散固相萃取结合气相串联质谱法前处理简单快速,准确度和精密度符合检测要求,适用于黑胡椒中敌敌畏等19种农药残留的同时检测.  相似文献   

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术同时测定大蒜中10种农药残留     

林静  张顺  蔡挺  曹慧  刘鹏  荀凯  乐元洁 《浙江农业学报》2018,30(1):159

建立了快速、准确测定大蒜中10种农药多残留的QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测技术。样品经酸化乙腈提取,无水硫酸镁(500 mg)除水后,用N-丙基乙二胺(PSA,500 mg)和十八烷基键合硅胶(C₁₈,500 mg)净化,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,Waters C₁₈色谱柱分离,采用正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。10种农药的检出限在0.020~0.800 μg·kg^-1,定量限在0.067~2.670 μg·kg^-1。线性范围内相关系数均大于0.99。加标回收率在73.4%~109.0%,相对标准偏差在1.2%~9.8%。结果表明,该方法简便、快速、灵敏度高、重现性好,可同时测定大蒜中10种农药。  相似文献   

DNA甲基化与去甲基化调控脂肪沉积的研究进展   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

王鹤洁  秦本源  王媛媛  郭玉龙  宋鹏康  刘亚丹  乐宝玉  张宁芳  成志敏  高鹏飞  郭晓红  李步高  曹果清 《中国畜牧兽医》2019,46(2):519-525

脂肪沉积是一个复杂的生物学过程,受遗传和表观遗传的调控作用。DNA甲基化和去甲基化是表观遗传修饰的重要方式,可通过与转录因子的相互作用或改变染色质的结构调控基因的表达,进而参与机体生长发育和细胞分化等重要的生命过程。动物脂肪沉积是脂肪细胞增殖分化和肥大的结果,脂肪细胞分化是由多能干细胞经前体脂肪细胞向成熟脂肪细胞转化的过程。相关研究表明,转录因子过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(peroxi-some proliferator activiated receptorγ,PPARγ)和CCAAT增强子结合蛋白家族(CCAAT enchancer binding proteinfamily,CEBPs)在脂肪沉积过程中起关键调控作用。近期研究发现,DNA甲基化可以通过调控脂肪形成过程中相关基因的表达而参与脂肪细胞的分化和脂肪组织的生长发育。去甲基化也可影响动物脂肪沉积过程,但其具体机制目前尚不清楚。作者主要介绍了DNA甲基化和去甲基化的定义、发生位点、生物学功能、参与DNA甲基化和去甲基化过程中的酶及其作用机制,概述了脂肪沉积过程及PPARγ、C/EBPα等转录因子在脂肪沉积过程中的调控作用,重点阐述了DNA甲基化和去甲基化对脂肪形成相关基因的表达和对脂肪细胞分化的影响,旨在为阐明脂肪沉积机制及改善动物肉质品质提供参考。  相似文献   

Letter to the Editor: Bias in statistics or bias in equine veterinary medicine?     

A. L. Ziegler  C. A. Fogle  M. Burke  A. T. Blikslager 《Equine veterinary journal》2019,51(3):423-423

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Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction diagnosis of Cryptosporidium spp in dairy cattle and wildlife     

Ziegler PE  Santucci F  Lindergard G  Nydam DV  Wade SE  Schaaf SL  Chang YF  Mohammed HO 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2007,8(2):148-159

This study investigated the utility of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol as a screening test for Cryptosporidium spp in 125 fecal samples from dairy cattle and wild rodents. Samples initially examined by fecal flotation and ELISA were evaluated using four PCR protocols (18S SSU rRNA, TRAP-C2, HSP70, and COWP), and the relative accuracy and agreement of PCR protocols was assessed. Although PCR can be both highly sensitive and accurate, the ability of these protocols to accurately detect DNA in samples can vary. A combination of techniques may be the best choice for to screen samples for this parasite.  相似文献