云南咖啡锈菌小种鉴定     

白学慧  V M P VáRZEA  郭铁英  M C SILVA  张洪波  李锦红 《热带作物学报》2018,39(9):1800-1806

为明确云南咖啡锈菌小种类型,采用国际通用的 19 个咖啡锈菌生理小种鉴定寄主,利用人工接种鉴定的方法,对采自云南咖啡主产区 12 县（市）的 51 份咖啡锈菌进行鉴定,鉴定出 9 个小种,分别为 VIII（v2,3,5）、XXXIII（v5,7 or v5,7,9）、XXXIV（v2,5,7 or v2,5,7,9）、XXXVII（v2,5,6,7,9）、XLI（v2,5,8）、XLII（v2,5,7,8 or v2,5,7,8,9）、New race（v2,5,6,7）、New race（v1,2,5,7 or v1,2,5,7,9）、New race（v1,5,7 or v1,5,7,9）,这 9 个小种均为国内首次鉴定,其中小种 XXXIII、XXXIV、New race（v2,5,6,7）、New race（v1,5,7 or v1,5,7,9）、New race（v1,2,5,7 or v1,2,5,7,9）、XLI 和 XLII 均侵染 Catimor7963,小种 XXXVII 侵染 CatimorT5175。  相似文献   

Quantitative trait loci for milk production and functional traits in two Danish Cattle breeds     

Mai MD  Rychtárová J  Zink V  Lassen J  Guldbrandtsen B 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2010,127(6):469-473

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) in Danish Jersey and Danish Red cattle were independently mapped by least squares regression analysis. For Jersey breed, five grandsire families were genotyped for 186 markers on 16 chromosomes (BTAs). Eight traits analysed were milk yield (MY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), clinical mastitis (CM), somatic cell score (SCS), maternal stillbirth, maternal calf size (MCS) and maternal calving difficulty. For Red breed, nine grandsire families were genotyped for 166 markers on 18 BTAs. Six traits analysed were MY, FP, PP, CM, SCS and female fertility. Nine and five QTL were detected in Jersey and Red breed, respectively, in across family tests. In Jersey breed, the results indicate QTL for CM and MCS on BTA 3. Additionally, there is an indication of QTL for MCS and FP on BTA 1 and a tentative evidence for a QTL for MY on BTA 26. There is a high risk of detected QTL being false positives. The detected QTL in Jersey breed indicate interesting results from a breeding perspective, but a practical application should await genome-wide association studies.  相似文献   

New virus diseases: visible evolution     

MC HORZINEK 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(12):433-436

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Einfluß einer Stickstoff-Spätdüngung auf das Korneiweiß einer lysinreichen Maishybride     

F. Zink  E. Wilberg 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1976,139(2):229-238

Effect of Late Application of Nitrogen on the Grain Protein of a Maize Hybrid Rich in Lysine 1. In pot experiments the influence of an additional late N fertilizer application at time of flowering on a high yielding lysine-rich experimental maize hybrid has been determined. 2. N-fertilization at flowering increased the total-N and the lysine-contant of the grains. The lysine-N in % of total-N was constant at 5,1%. Comparable values from a former investigation with an opaque- and a standard hybrid are 6,0% lysine-N and 4,0% lysine-N of total-N, respectively. 3. The ratio of prolamine to gluteline was 1:1. N-fertilization did not change this ratio. 4. The amino-acid pattern of the single protein fractions, albumine globuline, prolamine and gluteline was very different, but it was not changed by N-fertilization. 5. Dissecting embryo and endosperm, demonstrated that by late N-fertilization the growth of embryo was promoted more than that of the endosperm. The embryo contributed 30% to total-N and 44% to total-lysine-N of the grain and was not changed by the late N-application. 6. At cultivating such improved hybrids it may be expected that the protein quality will not be changed by application of high amounts of N-fertilizer, whereas the protein quantity will be increased.  相似文献   

Pathogenesis of visna/maedi and caprine arthritis-encephalitis: new leads on the mechanism of restricted virus replication and persistent inflammation   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

M C Zink  O Narayan  P G Kennedy  J E Clements 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1987,15(1-2):167-180

Lentiviruses are unique retroviruses which cause diseases with long incubation periods and prolonged clinical courses. The prototype lentiviruses, visna/maedi of sheep and arthritis-encephalitis virus of goats (CAEV), infect cells of the monocyte-macrophage system and replicate at a restricted level in these cells. The virus life cycle is closely associated with maturational factors in the cells; monocytes support the early stages of the replication cycle which goes to completion only when the cells mature to macrophages. Virus replication in the monocyte-macrophage results in lesions characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration of the central nervous system (CNS), lungs, synovium and mammary gland and their draining lymph nodes. Co-cultivation of sheep or goat lymphocytes with macrophages infected with visna or CAE viruses results in production of a unique interferon (LV-IFN). LV-IFN is a non-glycosylated protein of 54,000 to 64,000 daltons and has biological properties which have several implications for pathogenesis. Firstly, it retards the rate of maturation of monocytes and thus indirectly slows the rate of virus replication. Second, it restricts the rate of virus replication in mature macrophages by preventing virus maturation. Third, it induces expression of class II (Ia) antigens of the major histocompatibility complex on cells of macrophage lineage. Thus, by curtailing virus replication and enhancing expression of MHC class II antigens, LV-IFN may contribute to the induction and augmentation of the host's lymphoproliferative response to the virus.  相似文献   

The reversal of xylazine/ketamine immobilisation of fallow deer with yohimbine     

MC STEWART  AW ENGLISH 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(9):315-317

Fallow deer were immobilised using a combination of xylazine and ketamine. Adult males (n = 10) and adult females (n = 10) received 4 mg/kg of each drug intramuscularly. Juveniles (n = 11) received 2 mg/kg of each drug, intravenously. Times to recumbency were as follows: adult males 4.9 +/- 2.9 min, adult females 4.1 +/- 1.9 min, juveniles 2.3 +/- 1.1 min. After 30 min each deer received 0.2 mg/kg of yohimbine, or an equal volume of sterile diluent intravenously. Yohimbine substantially reduced the recovery times of treated deer. Adults males were releasable 7.2 +/- 4.3 min after yohimbine administration, whereas control males were not releasable until 165 +/- 18 min. Treated adult females were releasable after 6.6 +/- 4.3 min, while control females were not releasable until 84 +/- 29 min. Juveniles were releasable 2.1 +/- 0.8 min after administration of yohimbine but control juveniles were not releasable until 62 +/- 16 min. Xylazine/ketamine administration produced statistically significant changes in packed cell volume, total plasma protein, albumin, sodium, glucose, creatine phosphokinase and inorganic phosphate values after 30 min. Yohimbine administration had no effect on these changes.  相似文献   

Functional Differences in the Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor Axis in Cattle and Pigs: Implications for Post-partum Nutrition and Reproduction   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

MC Lucy 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(S2):31-39

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Electrolytes Changes in Mammary Secretions Before Foaling in Jennies     

A Carluccio  I De Amicis  S Panzani  U Tosi  M Faustini  MC Veronesi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(2):162-165

No knowledge regarding the peripartum changes in mammary secretions in the jenny are presently available in literature. In the mare, instead, several studies report the role of these changes as indicators of foetal readiness for birth and impending parturition. This experiment was designed to determine calcium, sodium, potassium concentrations, and the value of sodium/potassium ratio in mammary fluids during prepartum in the jenny. Samples were daily collected by hand milking, after mammary gland size increased noticeably, from 17 Martina Franca jennies. Prepartum mammary secretions were analysed every other day between day 10 and day 2 antepartum, and then once a day from the day before to the day of parturition. Calcium concentration showed a significant increase between day 10 and day 6 antepartum and then between day 6 and days 4 and 2. Afterwards, another statistical significant increase was observed at parturition. Sodium concentration significantly decreased from day 10 to day 2 prepartum. Potassium concentration significantly increased between day 10 and day 8 before parturition, then showed a further increase at day 4, followed by none significant changes until foaling. All jennies showed a reversal in sodium/potassium ratio between 2 days antepartum and the day before. In conclusion, the evaluation of mammary fluid calcium concentrations and the reversal of sodium/potassium ratio could be used as good indicators of foetal maturity in the jenny. As far as the prediction of parturition is concerned, the reversal of sodium/potassium ratio is the best parameter, since it was detected 48–24 h before parturition in all considered animals.  相似文献   

Heterologous In Vitro Fertility Evaluation of Cryopreserved Iberian Red Deer Epididymal Spermatozoa with Zona-intact Sheep Oocytes and its Relationship with the Characteristics of Thawed Spermatozoa     

AJ Soler  N Poulin  MR Fernández-Santos  Y Cognie  MC Esteso  JJ Garde  P Mermillod 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(3):293-298

A heterologous in vitro system, using zona‐intact sheep oocytes, was used to evaluate the relationship between sperm factors of Iberian red deer thawed epididymal sperm and the percentage of cleaved oocytes. Epididymal spermatozoa were recovered from six males, diluted with freezing extender and cryopreserved. After thawing sperm motility (SM) and acrosome and membrane integrities were evaluated. Again, these parameters were assessed after incubation in freezing extender at 37°C for 2 h. After cryopreservation the values for SM and acrosome and membrane integrities were high (～80, 80 and 70% respectively). However, these values significantly decreased after incubation (～59, 62 and 47% respectively). Red deer thawed epididymal sperm fertilized zona‐intact sheep oocytes, although the percentage of cleaved oocytes was low (～22%). No relationship was found between sperm parameters assessed after thawing and the percentage of cleaved oocytes. Likewise, any sperm parameter evaluated after incubation was assessed in relation to the percentage of cleaved oocytes. However, acrosome and membrane integrities were near to significance (p = 0.06 and p = 0.09 respectively). Then, we conducted a reduced model with these two variables and both were related to the percentage of cleaved oocytes (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04 respectively). Thus, acrosome and membrane integrities were related to the percentage of cleaved oocytes negatively and positively respectively. It was concluded that the classical parameters assessed in deer thawed sperm samples can be good predictors of the ability to fertilize zona‐intact sheep oocytes.  相似文献   

Redox cycling induces spermptosis and necrosis in stallion spermatozoa while the hydroxyl radical (OH•) only induces spermptosis          下载免费PDF全文

P Martín Muñoz  L Anel‐López  JM Ortiz‐Rodríguez  M Álvarez  P de Paz  C Balao da Silva  H Rodríguez Martinez  MC Gil  L Anel  FJ Peña  C Ortega Ferrusola 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(1):54-67

Oxidative stress is a major factor explaining sperm dysfunction of spermatozoa surviving freezing and thawing and is also considered a major inducer of a special form of apoptosis, visible after thawing, in cryopreserved spermatozoa. To obtain further insights into the link between oxidative stress and the induction of apoptotic changes, stallion spermatozoa were induced to oxidative stress through redox cycling after exposure to 2‐methyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (menadione), or hydroxyl radical formation after FeSO₄ exposure. Either exposure induced significant increases (p < 0.05) in two markers of lipid peroxidation: 8‐iso‐PGF_2α and 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE). While both treatments induced changes indicative of spermptosis (caspase‐3 activation and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential) (p < 0.01), menadione induced sperm necrosis and a dramatic reduction in motility and thiol content in stallion spermatozoa. Thus, we provided evidence that oxidative stress underlies spermptosis, and thiol content is a key factor for stallion sperm function.  相似文献