Secondary Corpora Lutea Induced by hCG Treatment Enhanced Demi‐Embryo Survival in Lactating High‐Yielding Dairy Cows     

A Torres  J Chagas e Silva  MC Deloche  P Humblot  AEM Horta  L Lopes‐da‐Costa 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(4):643-650

Using a novel in vivo model considering a low developmental competence embryo (demi‐embryo) and a subnormal fertility recipient (lactating high‐yielding dairy cow), this experiment evaluated the effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) treatment at embryo transfer (ET) on embryonic size at implantation, embryonic survival and recipient plasma progesterone (P₄) and bovine pregnancy‐specific protein B (PSPB) concentrations until day 63 of pregnancy. Embryos were bisected and each pair of demi‐embryos was bilaterally transferred to recipients (n = 61) on day 7 of the oestrous cycle. At ET recipients were randomly assigned to treatment with 1500 IU hCG or to untreated controls. Higher (p < 0.01) pregnancy rates on days 25, 42 and 63, and embryo survival rate on day 63 were observed in hCG‐treated cows with secondary CL than in hCG‐treated cows without secondary CL and in untreated cows. Pregnancy rates and embryo survival rate were similar in hCG‐treated cows without secondary CL and untreated cows. Embryonic size on day 42 was not affected by treatment with hCG, presence of secondary CL and type of pregnancy (single vs twin). Presence of secondary CL increased (p < 0.05) plasma P₄ concentrations of pregnant cows on days 14, 19 and 25 but not thereafter and of non‐pregnant cows on days 14–21. Treatment with hCG and presence of secondary CL had no effect on plasma PSPB concentrations, which were higher (p < 0.05) in twin than in single pregnancies. In conclusion, secondary CL induced by hCG treatment at ET significantly increased plasma P₄ concentrations, the survival rate of demi‐embryos and the pregnancy rate of high‐yielding lactating dairy cows. Embryos were rescued beyond maternal recognition of pregnancy, but later embryonic survival, growth until implantation and placental PSPB secretion until day 63 of pregnancy were not affected by treatment or presence of secondary CL.  相似文献   

P450‐aromatase mRNA is Expressed in the Corpus Luteum (CL) of the Non‐Pregnant Sheep and Goat: The Expression of the Enzyme is Present Throughout Pregnancy in the Goat CL     

JA Mondragón  C Miranda  J García‐Mena  R Ocádiz‐Delgado  P Gariglio  MC Romano 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(1):85-89

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Uterine Infection Influences Size and Follicular Fluid Composition of the Largest Follicle in Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)     

M Pande  GK Das  FA Khan  M Sarkar  JK Prasad  MC Pathak  H Kumar 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(1):79-84

The effect of uterine infection on size and follicular fluid composition of the largest follicle was studied in buffalo. Reproductive tracts were collected from 102 graded Murrah buffaloes at an abattoir. Uterine infection was diagnosed by physical examination of uterine mucus, white side test and uterine cytology. Samples with pus‐containing mucus, positive reaction on white side test and/or >5% neutrophils were considered to be positive for uterine infection. Diameter of the largest follicle was measured, and follicular fluid was aspirated and assayed for nitric oxide (NO), ascorbic acid (AA), cholesterol, oestradiol (E₂) and progesterone (P₄). Infected buffaloes had smaller‐sized (p < 0.0001) largest follicles than non‐infected buffaloes. Follicular fluid collected from the largest follicle in infected buffaloes had greater (p < 0.0001) NO and P₄ concentrations coincident with lesser AA (p < 0.001), cholesterol (p < 0.0001) and E₂ (p < 0.0001) concentrations. Results indicated that uterine infection has an inhibitory effect on growth of the largest follicle in buffalo. The changes in follicular fluid composition in infected buffaloes suggest that the direct effect of uterine infection on ovarian function may be mediated through an alteration in the follicular microenvironment. Greater NO and lesser AA concentrations in the follicular fluid of infected animals are novel findings.  相似文献   

Non-lactational traits of importance in dairy cows and applications for emerging biotechnologies     

MC Lucy 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):406-415

Dairy cattle have traditionally been selected for their ability to produce milk and milk components. The traditional single-minded approach to selection of dairy cattle has now changed and secondary traits are being included in selection indices by decreasing the emphasis on production. Greater emphasis on non-production traits reflects the industry's desire for functional dairy cattle. Six broad categories of non-lactational traits are discussed in this review. They are: type; growth, body size and composition; efficiency of feed utilisation; disease resistance, e.g. udder health as measured by somatic cell score; reproduction; and management. Most of these traits can be found within selection indices worldwide, although relative emphasis varies.

The non-lactational traits mentioned above are quantitative, meaning that the phenotype in the whole animal represents the sum of lesser traits that cannot be easily measured. The physiological mechanisms that underlie quantitative traits are extremely complex. Genetic selection can be applied to quantitative traits but it is difficult to link successful genetic selection with the underlying physiological mechanisms. The importance that the bovine genome sequence will play in the future of the genetics of dairy cattle cannot be understated. Completing the bovine genome sequence is the first step towards modernising our approach to the genetics of dairy cattle.

Finding genes in the genome is difficult and scanning billions of base pairs of DNA is an imperfect task. The function of most genes is either unknown or incompletely understood. Combining all of the information into a useable format is known as bioinformatics. At the present time, our capacity to generate information is great but our capacity to understand the information is small. The important information resides within subtle changes in gene expression and within the cumulative effect that these have.

Traditional methods of genetic selection in dairy cattle will be used for the foreseeable future. Most non-lactational traits are heritable and will be included in selection indices if the traits have value. The long-term prognosis for genome science is good but advances will take time. Genetic selection in the genome era will be different because DNA sequence analysis may replace traditional methods of genetic selection.  相似文献   

Managing leaf‐cutting ants: peculiarities,trends and challenges     

Terezinha MC Della Lucia  Lailla C Gandra  Raul NC Guedes 《Pest management science》2014,70(1):14-23

Leaf‐cutting ants are generally recognized as important pest species in Neotropical America. They are eusocial insects that exhibit social organization, foraging, fungus‐cultivation, hygiene and a complex nest structure, which render their management notoriously difficult. A lack of economic thresholds and sampling plans focused on the main pest species preclude the management of leaf‐cutting ants; such management would facilitate their control and lessen insecticide overuse, particularly the use of insecticidal baits. Recent restrictions on the use of synthetic compounds for such purposes impose additional challenges for the management of leaf‐cutting ants. Considerable effort has been exerted regarding these challenges, which are addressed herein, but which also remain challenges that are yet to be conquered. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Luteal activity and effect of dietary energy restriction on follicular development in lactating cows          下载免费PDF全文

A Comin  T Peric  M Montillo  A Cappa  V Marchi  MC Veronesi  A Prandi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(4):632-639

The aim of this research has been to evaluate the presence of anomalies in the ovarian cycle activity during postpartum and to verify whether 72‐hr dietary fasting during the dominance phase, the phase before ovulation, might modify the ovarian follicle population. The presence of anomalies in ovarian cycle activity has been evaluated in 30 Italian Friesian cows starting from 20 days postpartum until 211 days of lactation. Long oestrus and brief dioestrus or scarce luteal activity have been the main anomalies found through measuring progesterone concentrations in the whey. Until 100 days of lactation, the BCS values of the problematic animals have been significantly lower than those in animals with normal ovarian activity. After 100 days of lactation, the ovarian anomalies continued to appear despite the fact that all the animals have reached comparable BCS values. Starting from the results of this trial, the effect of 72‐hr dietary fasting on dominant follicles has been studied in six cows. Ultrasonography revealed that the diameter of the follicles at 71 days postpartum has been significantly lower than at 181 days. A 72‐hr dietary restriction at 101 and 211 days postpartum did not affect the size of the dominant follicle. However, at 101 days postpartum, half of the animals presented follicular cysts. The effect of fasting differed if the animal has been in early postpartum or 211 days of lactation. Further researches are necessary to understand how different metabolic conditions can modify the follicular population but on the other hand the study shows the utility for farmers and field veterinarians of monitoring the resumption of the ovarian cycle postpartum through the whey progesterone concentrations.  相似文献   

Flow cytometry in Spermatology: A bright future ahead          下载免费PDF全文

C Ortega‐Ferrusola  MC Gil  H Rodríguez‐Martínez  L Anel  FJ Peña  P Martín‐Muñoz 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(6):921-931

Techniques such as mass spectrometry have led to unprecedented knowledge of the proteins that are present in the spermatozoa of humans and other mammals. However, in spite of their high‐throughput and fractioning techniques, most of the techniques in use only offer average values for the entire sperm population. Yet, ejaculate is very heterogeneous, and average values may mask relevant biological information.The application of flow cytometry may overcome this disadvantage, allowing proteomic analysis at the single‐cell level. Moreover, recent advances in cytometry, allowing multiple analyses within a single cell combined with powerful statistical tools, as an expanding subfield in spermatology, are described. The increased use of advanced flow cytometers in andrology laboratories will allow the rapid development of multiparametric, multicolour flow cytometry in andrology that will expand the clinical applications and research possibilities of flow cytometry‐based proteomic approaches, especially in the subfields of clinical andrology and sperm biotechnology.  相似文献   

Effect of phosphate application on phytin-phosphorus and other phosphate fractions in developing wheat grains     

B. Michael  F. Zink  H. J. Lantzsch 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1980,143(4):369-376

Developing grains were harvested from wheat plants grown in pots which had received additional late P-fertilizer applications. By sequential extraction of milled grain samples of different developmental stages total P (P_tot) and the P-fractions lipid-P (P_lip), phytin-P (P_phy), inorganic and soluble ester-P (P_i+e) and residual-P (P_res) were determined.-Due to the late P-application, grain yield, P_tot, and P_phy content of ripe grains were increased by 14%, 58%, and 80% respectively, compared to the control. 93 % of the P which accumulated additionally in the grains as a result of the late P-application, were found to be P_phy.-During grain development the amounts of P_tot and P_phy per 1000 kernels increased steeply whereas those of P_lip and P_res were not significantly affected by the stage of grain development or by the rate of P-application. P_i+e increased during the first stages of grain development but subsequently decreased towards nearly the same low level regardless of the treatment.-The increased phytin concentration in the ripe grains resulted in a decreased zinc bioavailability as was indicated by feeding experiments with growing male rats.  相似文献   

The morphology and behavior of feline cutaneous mastocytomas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B P Wilcock  J A Yager  M C Zink 《Veterinary pathology》1986,23(3):320-324

Correlation of histopathology with the behavior of cutaneous mastocytomas in 85 cats revealed two distinct histologic subtypes which were predictive of biologic behavior. The first subtype comprised 65 cats of various breeds which had solitary, discrete, dermal tumors composed of slightly atypical mast cells. Most tumors in this group were histologically and behaviorally benign. However, seven solitary tumors with marked anisocytosis and mitotic activity recurred or spread to other sites within 2 to 3 months. The second subtype occurred in 18 cats which had discrete subcutaneous nodules composed primarily of histiocyte-like cells with equivocal cytoplasmic granularity after staining with toluidine blue. They were identified as mast cells by electron microscopy. Seventeen of the 18 affected cats were Siamese. The histiocytic mastocytomas occurred predominantly in young cats (less than 4 years) and were usually multiple. In the four cats of this group for which we have prolonged follow-up data, the tumors underwent apparently spontaneous regression within 2 years of initial tumor detection. Two other cats had tumors which contained mixtures of mast cell and histiocytic morphologies.  相似文献   

The Application of Reproductive Technologies to Natural Populations of Red Deer   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

JJ Garde  F Martínez-Pastor  M Gomendio  AF Malo  AJ Soler  MR Fernández-Santos  MC Esteso  AJ García  L Anel  ERS Roldán 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(S2):93-102

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