Biodiversity assessment and conservation strategies   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

van Jaarsveld AS  S Freitag  SL Chown  C Muller  S Koch  H Hull  C Bellamy  M Kruger  S Endrody-Younga  MW Mansell  CH Scholtz 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5359):2106-2108

The efficient representation of all species in conservation planning is problematic. Often, species distribution is assessed by dividing the land into a grid; complementary sets of grids, in which each taxon is represented at least once, are then sought. To determine if this approach provides useful surrogate information, species and higher taxon data for South African plants and animals were analyzed. Complementary species sets did not coincide and overlapped little with higher taxon sets. Survey extent and taxonomic knowledge did not affect this overlap. Thus, the assumptions of surrogacy, on which so much conservation planning is based, are not supported.  相似文献   

《现代养殖设施与设备》教材建设探索与实践     

马伟  黄炎坤  程璞  徐秋良  郑立  曾照烨 《畜牧与饲料科学》2018,39(9):77-80

针对《现代养殖设施与设备》课程没有规范教材的现状，探索符合人才培养目标和规格、适应市场需求的特色应用型教材建设，为应用型人才培养提供知识载体。并通过进一步实践，为教材的修订完善明确了方向。  相似文献   

Long‐term effects of organic manure and manufactured fertilizer additions on soil quality and sustainable productivity of finger millet under a finger millet–groundnut cropping system in southern India          下载免费PDF全文

A. Sathish  B. K. Ramachandrappa  M. A. Shankar  P. N. Srikanth Babu  CH. Srinivasarao  K. L. Sharma 《Soil Use and Management》2016,32(3):311-321

In a 20‐yr‐old long‐term experiment, the impact of continuous application of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on soil quality and the sustainability of finger millet production was conducted on two cropping systems: finger millet and finger millet–groundnut on an Alfisol of semi‐arid southern India. The study was conducted from 1992 to 2011 at the All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture, UAS, Bangalore, using a randomized block design. The treatments comprised of T₁: control [no fertilizer and no farmyard manure (FYM) applied], T₂: FYM 10 t/ha, T₃: FYM 10 t/ha + 50% of recommended NPK (50:50:25 kg/ha), T₄: FYM 10 t/ha + 100% of recommended NPK and T₅: 100% recommended NPK. Comparison of long‐term yield data between treatments was used to calculate a ‘sustainability yield index’ (SYI), which was greatest for T₄ (FYM 10 t/ha + 100% of recommended NPK), in both rotational (0.68) and monocropping (0.63) situations. Soil quality indices were determined using principal component analysis linear scoring functions. The key indicators which contributed to the soil quality index (SQI) under rotation were organic C; potentially available N; extractable P, K and S; exchangeable Ca and Mg; dehydrogenase activity and microbial biomass C and N. The largest SQI (7.29) was observed in T₄ (FYM 10 t/ha + 100% NPK), and the smallest (3.70) SQI was for the control. Application of 10 t/ha FYM together with NPK (50:50:25 kg/ha) sustained a mean yield of 3884 kg/ha.  相似文献   

Loss of Restriction Site DdeI, used for Avian Molecular Sexing, in Oreophasis derbianus     

LG Bermúdez-Humarán  P Chávez-Zamarripa  A Guzmán-Velasco  CH Leal-Garza  R Montes de Oca-Luna 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2002,37(6):321-323

Molecular sexing is a rapid and safe procedure for bird sex determination. Two universal methods based on the amplification of a chromo‐helicase‐DNA‐Binding 1 (CHD) gene region, located in both sexual chromosomes (Z and W), have been established. We found that molecular sexing of Oreophasis derbianus failed by using these two procedures. One of them is based on a restriction site located in CHD1W gene but absent in CHD1Z. The DdeI restriction site, used successfully to determine gender in several bird species, was found to be lost because of nucleotide change in O. derbianus. This change created a new restriction site, NlaIII, that was successfully applied for sexing this endangered bird.  相似文献   

Fibrin–alginate hydrogel supports steroidogenesis,in vitro maturation of oocytes and parthenotes production from caprine preantral follicles cultured in group          下载免费PDF全文

IR Brito  GM Silva  AD Sales  CH Lobo  GQ Rodrigues  RF Sousa  AAA Moura  CEM Calderón  M Bertolini  CC Campello  J Smitz  JR Figueiredo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(6):997-1009

This study aimed to establish a culture system that improves the in vitro development of caprine preantral follicles. In a first experiment, follicles were encapsulated as a single unit per bead and cultured singly or in groups or with five follicles in the same alginate (ALG) bead for 18 days. In a subsequent experiment, the “five follicles per bead” design was chosen to culture in ALG, fibrin–alginate (FA) or hyaluronate (HA) for 18 days. In a third experiment, we chose the five follicles per bead in FA to culture for 30 days. The culture set‐up of five follicles per ALG bead increased antrum formation and follicle diameter compared to the other culture designs (p < .05). Moreover, under this condition, 44.44% of the oocytes from in vitro cultured preantral follicles reached meiotic resumption. A significant increase of follicle diameter occurred in attachment system and FA (p < .05), but the ALG condition reached the highest among all groups on day 18 (p < .05). Follicles encapsulated in matrix produced more estradiol and progesterone than attachment system (p < .05). The expression of MMP‐9 mRNA was higher in FA than in other groups (p < .05) and similar to antral follicles from in vivo control (p > .05). Only FA group resulted in oocytes matured. After 30 days, oocytes from preantral follicles in vitro grown in FA developed to eight‐cell parthenotes. In conclusion, a culture system using FA supported the development of caprine preantral follicles cultured in group and included in the same bead of hydrogel, improving the oocyte maturation and producing parthenotes.  相似文献   

Molecular characterization of an influenza A virus (H4N2) isolated from waterfowl habitats in the State of Mexico     

Erika ORNELAS-EUSEBIO  Alejandro OBREGóN-ASCENCIO  Fernando CHáVEZ-MAYA  Gary GARCíA-ESPINOSA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(3):365-369

Wild waterfowl and their habitats are the main reservoirs of influenza A virus (IAV) mainly during the breeding season and prior to migration. This study describes the molecular characterization of an IAV isolated from 240 water samples of a small wetland during non-breeding season of migratory wild ducks in the State of Mexico, Mexico. The results showed that the virus belongs to the H4N2 subtype and each of its eight segments of the viral genome has similarity to IAV isolated from ducks in North America. This study suggests that IAV can be isolated from small wetland during non-breeding season of migrating waterfowl.  相似文献   

Pathology of primary lung cancers in cattle (description of 16 cases)     

A Tontis  R Zwahlen 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》1986,128(12):633-644

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Solarization for the control of Pueraria montana (kudzu)     

CH NEWTON  LR NELSON  SJ DEWALT  EA MIKHAILOVA  CJ POST  MA SCHLAUTMAN  SK COX  WC BRIDGES  KC HALL 《Weed Research》2008,48(5):394-397

The effects of translucent polyethylene sheeting as a thermal covering to eradicate Pueraria montana (kudzu) were investigated at Clemson, South Carolina on a clay loam. In 2005, the highest reduction of live root crowns was observed where P. montana was covered for the entire growing season (May–October) with a reduction of 42% of live root crowns compared with the control plots. Where P. montana was covered for alternate weeks throughout the growing season live root crowns were reduced by 35%. Covering P. montana for one week and then uncovering for four weeks repeatedly through the season killed 24% of root crowns. In 2006, the second year of treatment to the same plots, the three solarization treatments had similar efficacy of about 97%. The use of polyethylene sheeting appears not to be cost‐effective for general control of large P. montana infestations, but may be useful for small patches.  相似文献   

Further cases of respiratory slow virus diseases (pulmonary adenomatosis and maedi) in sheep in the Bern area   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A Tontis  R Zwahlen 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》1984,126(6):305-311

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Suspected adverse drug reactions in 2004     

Müntener CR  Gassner B  Demuth DC  Althaus FR  Zwahlen R 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》2005,147(7):304-310

We received 62 reports of suspected adverse events (SARs) for the year 2004. Their number and repartition according to affected animals and active substances were comparable with the previous year. The distributors or manufacturers submitted most of the declarations, but the proportion submitted by practicing veterinarians is slowly growing. 72% of the declarations dealt with adverse reactions in small animals (cats and dogs), followed by cattle and horses. Antiparasitics, anti-inflammatory drugs and immunologicals were the most frequently mentioned therapeutic classes, which are listed here according to the international ATCvet classification. A report from abroad about a fatality following injection of an antibiotic preparation for cattle prompted Swissmedic to review the security of this medication also sold on the Swiss market. It was decided to modify the package insert to warn about the danger of inadvertent self-injection in humans, to reduce the risk of similar accidents in Switzerland. We hope that the pharmacovigilance system will enjoy an increasing awareness by the practicing veterinarians.  相似文献