Potential of Aquatic Macrophytes as Bioindicators of Heavy Metal Pollution in Urban Stormwater Runoff     

Ladislas  Séverine  El-Mufleh  Amelène  Gérente  Claire  Chazarenc  Florent  Andrès  Yves  Béchet  Béatrice 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(2):877-888

The concentrations of heavy metals in water, sediments, soil, roots, and shoots of five aquatic macrophytes species (Oenanthe sp., Juncus sp., Typha sp., Callitriche sp.1, and Callitriche sp.2) collected from a detention pond receiving stormwater runoff coming from a highway were measured to ascertain whether plants organs are characterized by differential accumulations and to evaluate the potential of the plant species as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution in urban stormwater runoff. Heavy metals considered for water and sediment analysis were Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and As. Heavy metals considered for plant and soil analysis were Cd, Ni, and Zn. The metal concentrations in water, sediments, plants, and corresponding soil showed that the studied site is contaminated by heavy metals, probably due to the road traffic. Results also showed that plant roots had higher metal content than aboveground tissues. The floating plants displayed higher metal accumulation than the three other rooted plants. Heavy metal concentrations measured in the organs of the rooted plants increased when metal concentrations measured in the soil increased. The highest metal bioconcentration factors (BCF) were obtained for cadmium and nickel accumulation by Typha sp. (BCF = 1.3 and 0.8, respectively) and zinc accumulation by Juncus sp. (BCF = 4.8). Our results underline the potential use of such plant species for heavy metal biomonitoring in water, sediments, and soil.  相似文献   

Effects of prolamin on the textural and pasting properties of rice flour and starch   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Graeme Baxter  Christopher Blanchard  Jian Zhao   《Journal of Cereal Science》2004,40(3):1108

Prolamin is a major class of rice proteins but its influence on the physicochemical properties of rice is not clear. Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) and TA-XT2 TPA textural analyses were performed on rice starch with the addition of prolamin extracted from three rice cultivars (Hitomebore, M103 and Amaroo), and on rice flour with the prolamin removed by propan-2-ol extraction. Addition of prolamin to rice starch was found to cause a significant (P<0.05) increase in RVA breakdown viscosity but significant (P<0.05) decreases in hardness, adhesiveness and gumminess of the starch gel. Similarly, when prolamin was removed from rice flour, exactly the opposite effect was observed. Addition of prolamin to rice starch also caused it to absorb water faster during cooking but the gelatinised starch absorbed less water compared with control samples without prolamin.  相似文献   

Fatty Acid Composition of Three Rice Varieties Following Storage   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Zhongkai Zhou  Chris Blanchard  Stuart Helliwell  Kevin Robards   《Journal of Cereal Science》2003,37(3):327-335

The petroleum ether extractable lipids (PEE-L) and aqueous propan-1-ol extractable lipids (PWE-L) of three varieties of rice were determined gravimetrically and characterised by fatty acid profiles. The content of PEE-L (22·5–28·2 mg g⁻¹) was higher than that of PWE-L (7·4–11·5 mg g⁻¹) in brown rice with the situation reversed in milled rice (3·0–4·5 mg g⁻¹vs. 7·2–8·7 mg g⁻¹). The ratio of unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid was about two times higher in PEE-L than that in PWE-L for both brown and milled rice reflecting the selective complexation of saturated fatty acids. Rice storage at 37 °C resulted in some minor but statistically significant changes in the fatty acid profile. In the case of brown rice, the only notable changes were a reduction in the amounts of oleic and linoleic acids in the aqueous propan-1-ol extractable fatty acid fraction (PWE-FA) following storage at the higher temperature. Milled rice of all three varieties showed a decrease in linoleic acid content of PEE-L following storage at 37 °C for 4 and 7 months compared to storage at 4 °C. There was no change in fatty acid contents of PWE-L of milled rice when stored at 4 and 37 °C for 4 and 7 months. This implies that the PWE-L (or bound lipids) were more stable than PEE-L (or free lipids) during storage.  相似文献   

The Effects of Growth Factor on Testicular Germ Cell Apoptosis in the Stallion     

Casey L. Donnelly MS  Christophe Staub PhD  Dickson Varner PhD  DVM  Terry Blanchard PhD  DVM  Larry Johnson PhD  David W. Forrest PhD   《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2007,27(5):212-216

Apoptosis is necessary for both initiation and control of spermatogenesis; however, an increase in apoptosis can lead to subfertility/infertility in stallions, causing substantial financial loss in the equine industry. The ability of stem cell factor (SCF), leukemia-inhibiting factor (LIF), granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and estradiol (E₂), alone or in combination, to prevent apoptosis of germ cells in short-term equine testicular cultures was examined. Testicular tissue was sectioned into approximately 2-mm cubes and placed in media-filled culture chambers. Concentrations of SCF (100 ng/mL), LIF (10 ng/mL), GM-CSF (5 ng/mL), and E₂ (10⁻⁹ mol/l) were added alone or in combination to each well. After 6 hours in culture, the tissue was fixed and immunohistochemically (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling; TUNEL) stained for apoptosis detection. Apoptotic cells per 100 Sertoli cell nuclei within seminiferous tubules were counted until the 500^th Sertoli cell nuclei was reached. This counting procedure was used for each slide. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Tukey's test was used to compare apoptotic rates. In comparison with the control, GM-CSF alone lowered apoptosis by 34.77%. GM-CSF–treated tissue combined with SCF and LIF as well as GM-CSF combined with SCF, LIF, and E₂ reduced apoptosis when compared with the control (37.45% and 44.40%, respectively) or other treatment combinations. GM-CSF alone reduced apoptosis; results suggest possible synergy for the combinations of SCF and LIF with GM-CSF and for E₂ with SCF, LIF, and GM-CSF.  相似文献   

Diagnostic de la rage sur culture cellulaire Comparaison des resultats de l'inoculation au neuroblastome murin et de l'inoculation a la souris     

J. Barrat  Marie Jos  Barrat  Monique Picard  M. F. A. Aubert  collaboration technique  Y. Gerard  Chantal Patron  Josiane Ambert  B  atrice Quillou 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1988,11(3-4):207-214

Mouse inoculation test (MIT) is a highly sensitive test for rabies diagnosis but slow and expensive. To detect rabies virus an in vitro technique using Neuro 2a cell culture (CC) was compared with MIT in two laboratories.

In one laboratory, CC appeared to be on the whole more sensitive than MIT, nevertheless MIT was the only one to detect some positive samples. In the other laboratory, MIT was more sensitive. These results justify the use of CC for epidemiological diagnosis but emphasize the interest of MIT (the reference technique) for special cases.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary crude-protein type on fertilization and embryo quality in dairy cattle   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

T Blanchard  J Ferguson  L Love  T Takeda  B Henderson  J Hasler  W Chalupa 《American journal of veterinary research》1990,51(6):905-908

An experiment was conducted to determine whether balancing dietary crude protein for optimal rumen degradability would improve fertilization rate and quality of ova in lactating dairy cows. Thirty-eight Holstein cows in early lactation were fed 1 of 2 diets formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous, containing 16% crude protein. Diet 1 contained 73% rumen degradable intake protein, whereas diet 2 contained 64% rumen degradable intake protein. The cows were induced to superovulate and were inseminated, and ova were recovered nonsurgically on postbreeding day 7. Ova were counted and classified as fertilized or unfertilized. Fertilized ova were scored as excellent, good, fair, poor, or degenerate. Unfertilized ova and poor and degenerate embryos were considered to be nontransferable ova and excellent, good, and fair embryos were considered to be transferable ova. There were no differences for mean number of fertilized, unfertilized, transferable, or nontransferable ova recovered from cows fed the 2 diets (P greater than 0.10). Mean percentage of fertilized ova recovered from cows was greater (P less than 0.05) in those fed diet 2, compared with diet 1. Mean percentage of transferable ova recovered from cows tended to be greater (P = 0.06) in those fed diet 2, compared with diet 1. More cows failed to yield transferable ova (P less than 0.05) when fed diet 1, compared with diet 2. Fertilization failure or early degeneration of embryos may occur in cows fed excess rumen degradable protein.  相似文献   

Cryosurgery for treatment of recurrent proliferative keratoconjunctivitis in five dogs     

C A Wheeler  G L Blanchard  H Davidson 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1989,195(3):354-357

Cryosurgery was used for treatment of recurrent proliferative keratoconjunctivitis in 5 dogs that had been treated with combined medical and surgical procedures without success. Four dogs recovered completely after one application of cryosurgery. The fifth dog did not respond to cryosurgery until after oral administration of corticosteroids was stopped, indicating a possible immune-mediated mechanism of action of cryosurgery on proliferative keratoconjunctivitis.  相似文献   

Immunoglobulin A myeloma in a cat with pleural effusion and serum hyperviscosity   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

E C Hawkins  B F Feldman  P C Blanchard 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1986,188(8):876-878

Immunoglobulin A myeloma, serum hyperviscosity, and septic pleuritis were diagnosed in a cat with pleural and peritoneal effusions. Serum hyperviscosity was determined by use of a WBC pipette, and clinical manifestations included retinopathy and cardiac changes. The presence of Salmonella typhimurium in the pleural fluid may have resulted from increased susceptibility to infection. Postmortem examination revealed plasma cell infiltration of the pleura, mesenteric lymph nodes, and the serosa of the intestine, liver, and spleen. This case represents an unusual form of myeloma in the cat.  相似文献   

Venereal disease.     

T L Blanchard  R M Kenney  P J Timoney 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》1992,8(1):191-203

Equine venereal infections of concern in the United States include EHV-3, T. equigenitalis, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae. Stallions may also harbor EAV in the genital tract and transmit the virus to mares during coitus. With the exception of EHV-3, the stallion generally remains asymptomatic while transmitting infections to mares during breeding. Methods for diagnosis, treatment, and control of these infections are discussed.  相似文献   

Effects of chronic GRF treatment on lambs having low or normal birth weight     

P. Pastoureau  J. Charrier  M.M. Blanchard  G. Boivin  J.P. Dulor  M. Theriez  B. Barenton 《Domestic animal endocrinology》1989,6(4):321-329

The effects of a long term treatment with human GRF(1–29)NH2 on plasma growth hormone (GH), somatomedin C (Sm-C), histomorphometric parameters of bone growth and body composition were investigated in normal and low birthweight male lambs. The animals were divided into two groups according to their birthweight: 24 normal birthweight (NBW) lambs weighing more than 4 kg and 22 low birthweight (LBW) lambs weighing less than 2.5 kg at birth. Half of the animals in each group received two daily subcutaneous injections (8 μg/kg body weight) of hGRF(1–29)NH2 (GRF) from birth to slaughter at 45 or 90 days of age. The other animals received the solvant only. At the beginning and at the end of the treatment, plasma GH and serum Sm-C concentrations were measured in all groups. After slaughter, a histomorphometric study was performed on undecalcified sections of metacarpal growth plates, and the remaining of the carcass was pulverized to study the chemical body composition.

GRF induced GH release in both GRF-treated groups. However, plasma GH reached higher (P<.001) concentrations and the GRF-induced GH peak lasted longer in LBW than in NBW lambs. At day 45, the GRF treatment increased (P<.05) serum Sm-C concentrations in LBW. Most of histomorphometric parameters reflecting the metacarpal growth in length, were not statistically modified under GRF treatment. However, the size of degenerative cells was smaller (P<.05) in LBW treated lambs as compared to controls. Consequently, the cell production in the growth plate was increased (P<.05) under GRF treatment. In both NBW and LBW groups at 45 days of treatment, GRF treatment reduced the amounts of lipids (P<.025) and energy (P<.05), while increased (P<.01) phosphorus deposition in the body. In contrast, there was no effect of GRF treatment on protein content.

We conclude from this experiment that the induction of GH secretion by a chronic treatment with GRF is able to modify some patterns of growth. However, most of the effects of GRF were observed in LBW lambs and after 45 days of treatment only. This suggests that treatment with GRF may serve to compensate for growth in growth-retarded animals. Further studies with different mode of GRF administration should indicate whether it is as much effective in normal animals.  相似文献