Rabies virus and Histoplasma suramericanum coinfection in a bat from southeastern Brazil     

Benedito Donizete Menozzi  Giselle Souza da Paz  Laís Moraes Paiz  Hans Garcia Garces  Brunna Mayla Vasconcelos Adorno  Fernando Almeida‐Silva  Rosely Maria Zancope Oliveira  Virgínia Bodelo Richini‐Pereira  Jssica Luana Chechi  Eduardo Bagagli  Sandra de Moraes Gimenes Bosco  Helio Langoni 《Zoonoses and public health》2020,67(2):138-147

Bats are essential to the global ecosystem, but their ability to harbour a range of pathogens has been widely discussed, as well as their role in the emergence and re‐emergence of infectious diseases. This paper describes the first report of coinfection by two zoonotic agents, rabies virus (RABV) and the fungus Histoplasma suramericanum in a bat. The bat was from the Molossus molossus species, and it was found during the daytime in the hallway of a public psychiatric hospital in a municipality in São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. RABV infection was diagnosed by the direct fluorescent antibody test and mouse inoculation test. The fungus was isolated by in vitro culture. Both diagnoses were confirmed by molecular techniques. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the fungus isolate had proximity to H. suramericanum in the Lam B clade, while the RABV isolate was characterized in the Lasiurus cinereus lineage. Since the M. molossus bat was found in a peri‐urban transition area (urban/peri‐urban), the possibility of cross‐species transmission of this RABV lineage becomes more plausible, considering that this scenario may provide shelter for both M. molossus and L. cinereus. These are relevant findings since there has been an increase in bat populations in urban and peri‐urban areas, particularly due to environmental modifications and anthropogenic impacts on their habitat. Thus, the detection of two zoonotic agents in a bat found in a public hospital should raise awareness regarding the importance of systematic surveillance actions directed towards bats in urban areas.  相似文献   

Artisan fresh cheese from raw cow's milk as a possible route of transmission in a toxoplasmosis outbreak,in Brazil     

Mary Alexandra da Costa  Fernanda Pinto‐Ferreira  Roblia Pond Amorim de Almeida  Felippe Danyel Cardoso Martins  Adriene Lino Pires  Marcelle Mareze  Regina Mitsuka‐Bregan  Roberta Lemos Freire  Rosalynd Vinicios da Rocha Moreira  Juliene Meira Borges  Italmar Teodorico Navarro 《Zoonoses and public health》2020,67(2):122-129

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Brazilian spotted fever: A spatial analysis of human cases and vectors in the state of São Paulo,Brazil     

Claudia Mello Ribeiro  Veruska Maia da Costa  Jonas Lotufo Brant de Carvalho  Rodrigo Guerrero Mendes  Paula Andrea de Santis Bastos  Satie Katagiri  Marcos Amaku 《Zoonoses and public health》2020,67(6):629-636

Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) is a highly lethal disease caused by Rickettsia spp. and is transmitted by ticks of the genus Amblyomma. Understanding the epidemiology of BSF in each region can help direct health surveillance actions. The objective of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of vectors and the incidence of BSF in the state of São Paulo. Spatial analysis included confirmed BSF cases between 2009 and 2019; occurrences were registered by municipalities of the state. There were 752 confirmed BSF cases, with incidences ranging between 0.01 and 10.37/10,000 inhabitants. Moran's Global Index for BSF was 0.20 (p = .001), which was indicative of spatial dependence. Moran's map located a cluster of 20 high priority municipalities for BSF and showed that Amblyomma sculptum is the vector involved in Rickettsia rickettsii transmission in these locations. Spatial analysis identified clusters formed by 47, 20 and seven significant municipalities for the presence of A. sculptum, Amblyomma aureolatum and Amblyomma ovale vectors, respectively. Surveillance and prevention actions are necessary in areas that are at high risk for BSF and in areas where the presence of vectors was significant.  相似文献   

Dietary xylanase and live yeast supplementation influence intestinal bacterial populations and growth performance of piglets fed a sorghum-based diet     

Gemma Gonzlez-Ortiz  Marco A. Callegari  Pete Wilcock  Diego Melo-Duran  Michael R. Bedford  Hilrio R.V. Oliveira  Marcos A.A. da Silva  Carlos R. Pierozan  Caio A. da Silva 《动物营养（英文）》2020,6(4):457-466

This study was to evaluate the effect of xylanase supplementation and the addition of live yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on growth performance and intestinal microbiota in piglets. One hundred and eighty commercial crossbred 23-d-old piglets (PIC 417) were sorted by initial BW and allocated to 3 treatments: control (CTR) diet, CTR diet supplemented with xylanase at 16,000 birch xylan units/kg (XYL) and XYL diet supplemented with live yeast (2 × 10¹⁰ CFU/g) at 1 kg/t (XYL + LY). Each treatment had 10 replicates, with 6 animals each. A sorghum-based diet and water were available ad libitum for 42 d of the study. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were measured from 0 to 42 d (23- to 65-d-old) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) calculated. At the end of the study, bacterial identification through 16S rRNA (V3 to V4) sequencing of the ileal and caecal digesta from one piglet per replicate was performed. No treatment effects were observed on ADFI. Pigs offered the live yeast in addition to the xylanase had increased ADG compared with those supplemented with xylanase alone (XYL + LY vs. XYL; P = 0.655). FCR was improved with XYL and XYL + LY compared with CTR (P = 0.018). Clostridiaceae counts in the ileum tended to reduce by 10% with XYL and 14% with XYL + LY compared to CTR (P = 0.07). XYL and XYL + LY increased the counts of Lactobacillaceae in the caecum compared with CTR (P < 0.0001). Dietary supplementation of live yeast combined with xylanase improved growth performance and microbial balance of piglets during the nursery phase.  相似文献   

Biodiversity meets the atmosphere: a global view of forest canopies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ozanne CM  Anhuf D  Boulter SL  Keller M  Kitching RL  Körner C  Meinzer FC  Mitchell AW  Nakashizuka T  Dias PL  Stork NE  Wright SJ  Yoshimura M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5630):183-186

The forest canopy is the functional interface between 90% of Earth's terrestrial biomass and the atmosphere. Multidisciplinary research in the canopy has expanded concepts of global species richness, physiological processes, and the provision of ecosystem services. Trees respond in a species-specific manner to elevated carbon dioxide levels, while climate change threatens plant-animal interactions in the canopy and will likely alter the production of biogenic aerosols that affect cloud formation and atmospheric chemistry.  相似文献   

Telemetered recording of hormone effects on hippocampal neurons   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

D W Pfaff  M T Silva  J M Weiss 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,172(981):394-395

Frequency-modulated telemetry was used to record the effects of hormones on single-unit activity in the brains of freely moving rats. Corticosterone decreased unit activity in the dorsal hippocampus. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone had the opposite effect.  相似文献   

Carbon in Amazon forests: unexpected seasonal fluxes and disturbance-induced losses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Saleska SR  Miller SD  Matross DM  Goulden ML  Wofsy SC  da Rocha HR  de Camargo PB  Crill P  Daube BC  de Freitas HC  Hutyra L  Keller M  Kirchhoff V  Menton M  Munger JW  Pyle EH  Rice AH  Silva H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5650):1554-1557

The net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide was measured by eddy covariance methods for 3 years in two old-growth forest sites near Santarém, Brazil. Carbon was lost in the wet season and gained in the dry season, which was opposite to the seasonal cycles of both tree growth and model predictions. The 3-year average carbon loss was 1.3 (confidence interval: 0.0 to 2.0) megagrams of carbon per hectare per year. Biometric observations confirmed the net loss but imply that it is a transient effect of recent disturbance superimposed on long-term balance. Given that episodic disturbances are characteristic of old-growth forests, it is likely that carbon sequestration is lower than has been inferred from recent eddy covariance studies at undisturbed sites.  相似文献   

秸秆切碎灭茬机的设计与试验          下载免费PDF全文

吴子岳  高焕文等 《上海海洋大学学报》2001,(1):60-64

针对双轴击切式破碎秸秆和根茬所存在的问题，本文提出单轴压切原理和非等长刀切碎模型，并对秸杆切碎灭茬机的关键参数进行了优化设计。该机田间试验表明切碎率达91．4％，根茬破碎率达86．5％。该机的应用必将促进一年两熟平作旱区保护性耕作技术的发展。  相似文献   

杂交籼稻亲本愈伤组织培养力的研究   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

马炳田  李平  周开达  朱祯 《四川农业大学学报》2002,20(3):200-204

对多个重要杂交籼稻亲本愈伤组织培养力的研究结果表明 :不同水稻材料的愈伤组织诱导、继代、分化能力不同 ;不同外植体的愈伤诱导、继代、分化能力不同。成熟胚愈伤组织诱导率最高 ,从幼胚、幼穗获得的愈伤组织的继代和分化能力较强 ,质量也好 ;随着继代时间的延长 ,愈伤组织的质量下降 ;干燥处理有助于愈伤组织分化率的提高。本文还对不同外植体愈伤组织在转基因研究中的作用进行了讨论。  相似文献   

Global and local conservation priorities     

Mittermeier RA  Gascon C  Rajaobelina L  Supriatna J  Cardoso da Silva JM  Rodríguez CM  Zhi L  Brandon K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5855):1377-82; author reply 1377-83

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