Ophthalmopathologic characterization of multicentric or metastatic neoplasms with an extraocular origin in dogs and cats     

Marcele Bettim Bandinelli  Matheus Viezzer Bianchi  Júlia Gabriela Wronski  Lauren Santos de Mello  Renata Blanco DeMartini  Caroline Savi  Luciana Sonne  David Driemeier  Saulo Petinatti Pavarini 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2020,23(5):814-827

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Composition and functional properties of protein isolates obtained from commercial legumes grown in northern Spain   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fernández-Quintela  A.  Macarulla  M. T.  del Barrio  A. S.  Martínez  J. A. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1997,51(4):331-341

Pea (Pisum sativum), faba bean (Vicia faba) and soybean (Glycine max) seeds were characterized, and protein isolates were prepared following an isoelectric point precipitation procedure. Soybean seeds showed the highest protein content (36.7%) and carbohydrate was the major constituent in the pea (59.4%) and the faba bean seeds (52.1%). Protein contents were higher than 80% in all the protein isolates. The amino acid contents in the protein isolates were, in general, higher than those in their own starting seeds. The antinutritional factor contents were reduced after the protein isolate preparation. The highest reductions achieved for tannins were 95% in the faba bean protein isolate, and for phytates (45%) and trypsin inhibitor activity (46%) in the pea protein isolate. Haemagglutinating activity was not detected in any of the protein isolates. Minimum solubility values were observed at a pH range between 4.0 and 6.0, and maximal solubilities were obtained at basic pH values. The faba bean protein isolate showed the highest water and oil absorption capacities, and the best gelling properties. The soybean protein isolate had the best foam expansion capacity. Thus, the protein isolates had an improvement in some of the characteristics compared to their original seeds with lower contents in tannins, phytates and haemagglutinating activity, but had weak functional properties.  相似文献   

Marker-assisted genetic analysis of non-acclimated freezing tolerance and cold acclimation capacity in a backcrossSolarium population     

Sandra E. Vega  Alfonso H. del Rio  Geunhwa Jung  John B. Bamberg  Jiwan P. Palta 《American Journal of Potato Research》2003,80(6):359-369

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to construct a partial genetic linkage map in a potato backcross population. The population, derived from two diploid wildSolatium species (frost tolerant, able to cold acclimateS. commersonii; frost sensitive, unable to cold acclimateS. cardiophyllum), was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) of non-acclimated relative freezing tolerance (NARFT) and cold acclimation capacity (CAC). Precise assessment of these traits allowed distinction of small but significant differences among 35 backcross genotypes. NARFT and CAC were not correlated in the segregating population, suggesting independent genetic control for these two major components of freezing tolerance. The linkage map spanned 479.4 cM and included 77 RAPD markers and two SSR markers, with 38 RAPD and 10 SSR unassigned markers. Two QTLs for NARFT were detected in two different linkage groups, accounting for 44.0% of the phenotypic variation for this trait. Two QTLs for CAC were detected, accounting for 24.9% of the phenotypic variation for this trait. QTLs for NARFT and CAC were detected at separate genomic regions, in support of the independent genetic control of these two traits. QTLs for NARFT and CAC were detected in a linkage group identified as part of chromosome V, suggesting that such chromosome constitutes a prime candidate for fine-mapping. Due to the relatively small progeny size evaluated in this study, additional QTLs for NARFT and CAC could have been involved but not identified. Therefore, the conclusions derived from this study should be considered preliminary.  相似文献   

The effect of genebank seed increase on the genetics of recently collected potato (Solanum) germplasm     

A. H. del Rio  J. B. Bamberg 《American Journal of Potato Research》2003,80(3):215-218

In previous work at the US Potato Genebank, RAPDs were used to detect large differences between genebank-conserved samples and their correspondingin situ populations re-collected from the wild. This work investigates one possible explanation for these differences: a large genetic change in the sample when it undergoes “domestication” by a forced sexual seed increase and subsequent adaptation to cultivation in the genebank. However, when 11Solanum fendleri and 17S. jamesii populations were collected from the wild and compared to their sexual progeny generated at the genebank, no significant differences in RAPD finger-prints were detected. These results show that theory of “genebank domestication” is not supported. However, when plants of one pair of populations were tested individually, the seed increase population was significantly more heterogeneous than its clonally collectedin situ parents. Thus, while genebank populations have the same genes as their wild counterparts, they may contain genotypes not present in the wild.  相似文献   

Determining suitable selection cutting intensities based on long-term observations on aboveground forest carbon,growth, and stand structure in Changbai Mountain,Northeast China     

Yang Liu  Juan A. Blanco  Xiaohua Wei  Weifeng Wang  Yanrong Guo 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2014,29(5):436-454

We studied the effects of different cutting intensities (0%, 5–10%, 15%, and 20% basal area removal) on stand growth, structure, and net carbon storage in spruce–fir (Picea jezoensis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Carr.–Abies nephrolepis (Trautv.) Maxim.) and broadleaf mixed forests on Changbai Mountain (Northeast China) over 19 years. At this site, inventory-based low-intensity selection cutting was used to maintain a continuous forest canopy. After two cutting events, results showed significant differences in growth, structure, and carbon storage among cutting intensities. When increasing cutting intensity, the growth rate of average diameter, basal area, and volume significantly increased, with the highest increment rates found in the plots with 20% basal area removal. Tree diameters for all plots showed a roughly inverse J-shaped distribution before cutting and a left-skewed unimodal distribution after two cuttings. Volume ratio (the relative amount of volume contained in different diameter classes) for small (6–14 cm), medium (14–26 cm), large (26–36 cm), and very large (>38 cm) diameters remained unchanged in the plots with 5 and 10% basal area removal, but the volume ratio of large and very large diameters increased in the plots with 15 and 20% basal area removal, reaching approximately a 1:2:3:4 ratio in the plots with 20% basal area removal after two selection cuttings. Net carbon storage increased when increasing cutting intensity, reaching maximum storage in the plots with 20% basal area removal (cutting intensity and net C storage increase: 0%, 7.21 Mg C ha^?1, 5–10%: 11.68 Mg C ha^?1, 15%: 21.41 Mg C ha^?1, 20%: 26.47 Mg C ha^?1). Therefore, our results show the potential of low-intensity selection cutting to meet demands of both timber production and maintenance of forest cover for biodiversity values.  相似文献   

Effect of plant protease inhibitors on digestive proteases in two fish species, Lutjanus argentiventris and L. novemfasciatus     

F.J. Alarcón  F.L. García-Carreño  M.A. Navarrete del Toro 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2001,24(3):179-189

This work provides a comparative study of the inhibitory effect of several plant protein sources on digestive proteases of two snappers: yellow snapper (Lutjanus argentiventris) and dog snapper (Lutjanus novemfasciatus). Seed extracts did not affect gastric proteases whereas they significantly inhibit intestinal proteases. Inhibition of alkaline proteases showed that pancreatic proteases of L. argentiventris were more sensitive to seed protease inhibitors than those of L. novemfasciatus. Legume seeds showed the highest inhibitory capacity on alkaline proteases causing inhibition higher than 50% in total proteolytic activity. Protease inhibition on digestive extracts was assessed using different relative concentration of seed extracts and represented by constructing dose response curves. In order to reduce the inhibitory effect, seed extracts were acid-treated before the inhibition assay. Results showed that acid treatment did not affect the inhibitory capacity of seeds on alkaline proteases in both species. However, when the action of gastric enzymes was simulated on seed extracts, the inhibitory capacity was reduced significantly, mainly in the case of L. novemfasciatus. The responses of fish enzymes to heat-treated seed extracts were also tested. Only higher temperatures were capable of reducing the inhibitory capacity of seed, with the specific response to the snapper species. The use of biochemical assays allows us to quantify the action of inhibitors on total proteolytic activity. In addition, zymograms obtained by substrate-SDS-PAGE provided qualitative information about the number and type of proteases affected by each inhibitor. Each seed extract produces a characteristic profile of inhibition on alkaline protease. The results obtained are important for future formulation of feeds for these snapper species.  相似文献   

Genetic differences in some haematological traits of communally reared clonal ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck & Schlegel, under stressed and non-stressed conditions     

G del Valle  N Taniguchi  A Tsujimura 《Aquaculture Research》1996,27(10):787-793

Four clonal lines of ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck & Schlegel, were produced through gynogenesis, mixed before hatching and reared communally. After 10 months, a randomly taken sample was subjected to a standardized shallow-water stressor. Haematocrit, haemoglobin, red blood cells count (RBC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were obtained from stressed and non-stressed fish. DNA fingerprinting was used to confirm the clonal nature of the organisms and to identify the clonal line to which each fish belonged. We observed significant differences between clonal lines mostly in the haematocrit and MCV measured under no-stress conditions. Such differences are suggested to represent mainly genetic variance, on account of the common environment provided to all the experimental groups. The stress response ratio was lower than expected, mainly due to some unexpectedly high non-stress values. Heritability values (h²) were medium to high for the no-stress measurements (mean 0.238) and very low or zero for the stressed groups’traits (excepting one high value of 0.484). We conclude that the use of communally reared clonal lines represents a good tool for the characterization of the physiological traits, thus allowing for their utilization as genetic selection criteria.  相似文献   

Marine extinctions revisited     

Pablo del Monte-Luna  Daniel Lluch-Belda  Elisa Serviere-Zaragoza  Roberto Carmona  Héctor Reyes-Bonilla  David Aurioles-Gamboa  José Luis Castro-Aguirre  Sergio A. Guzmán del Próo  Oscar Trujillo-Millán  & Barry W. Brook 《Fish and Fisheries》2007,8(2):107-122

In recent years, more than 130 extinctions have been estimated to have occurred in the marine realm. Here we review this body of evidence and show that this figure may actually be overestimated by as much as 50%. We argue that previous estimates have not fully taken into account critical uncertainties such as naturally variable geographical distributions, and have misinterpreted documentary evidence. However, current evidence indicates that some sharks, rays and reef‐associated species, although not necessarily geographically restricted, are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts and now occur in very low numbers. Overestimating extinctions is of concern because it could reduce confidence in the credibility of the ‘extinct’ category in threatened species lists and, ultimately, be used to question the integrity of conservation and management policies. We suggest that when integrating future checklists of marine extinct species, there needs to be a more rigorous use of the terminology of extinction, and participation by specialists in each of the particular taxonomic groups involved.  相似文献   

Risk factors perceived predictive of ISA spread in Chile: Applications to decision support     

L. Gustafson  M. Antognoli  M. Lara Fica  R. Ibarra  J. Mancilla  O. Sandoval del Valle  R. Enriquez Sais  A. Perez  D. Aguilar  E. Madrid  P. Bustos  A. Clement  M.G. Godoy  C. Johnson  M. Remmenga 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2014

Aquaculture is anticipated to be a critical element in future solutions to global food shortage. However, diseases can impede industry efficiency and sustainability. Consequently, diseases can and have led to dramatic re-structuring in industry or regulatory practices. The emergence of infectious salmon anemia (ISA) in Chile is one such example. As in other countries, many mitigations were instituted universally, and many incurred considerable costs as they introduced a new layer of coordination of farming activities of marine sites within common geographic areas (termed ‘neighborhoods’ or ‘barrios’). The aggregate response led to a strong reduction in ISA incidence and impact. However, the relative value of individual mitigations is less clear, especially where response policies were universally applied and retrospective analyses are missing ‘controls’ (i.e., areas where a mitigation was not applied). Further, re-focusing policies around disease prevention following resolution of an outbreak is important to renew sustainable production; though, again, field data to guide this shift in purpose are often lacking. Expert panels can offer timely decision support in the absence of empirical data.  相似文献   

Placental thrombosis in acute phase abortions during experimental Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep     

Pablo Casta?o  Miguel Fuertes  Ignacio Ferre  Miguel Fernández  Maria del Carmen Ferreras  Javier Moreno-Gonzalo  Camino González-Lanza  Frank Katzer  Javier Regidor-Cerrillo  Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora  Valentín Pérez  Julio Benavides 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1):9

After oral administration of ewes during mid gestation with 2000 freshly prepared sporulated oocysts of T. gondii isolate M4, abortions occurred between days 7 and 11 in 91.6% of pregnant and infected ewes. Afterwards, a further infection was carried out at late gestation in another group of sheep with 500 sporulated oocysts. Abortions happened again between days 9 and 11 post infection (pi) in 58.3% of the infected ewes. Classically, abortions in natural and experimental ovine toxoplasmosis usually occur one month after infection. Few experimental studies have reported the so-called acute phase abortions as early as 7 to 14 days after oral inoculation of oocysts, and pyrexia was proposed to be responsible for abortion, although the underline mechanism was not elucidated. In the present study, all placentas analysed from ewes suffering acute phase abortions showed infarcts and thrombosis in the caruncullar villi of the placentomes and ischemic lesions (periventricular leukomalacia) in the brain of some foetuses. The parasite was identified by PCR in samples from some placentomes of only one sheep, and no antigen was detected by immunohistochemical labelling. These findings suggest that the vascular lesions found in the placenta, and the consequent hypoxic damage to the foetus, could be associated to the occurrence of acute phase abortions. Although the pathogenesis of these lesions remains to be determined, the infectious dose or virulence of the isolate may play a role in their development.  相似文献