燕麦根浸提液对5种植物的潜在化感作用     

曾亮  柴继宽  赵桂琴  李春杰  黎蓉 《草业科学》2023,(8):2048-2057

为了明确燕麦(Avena sativa)根系的化感效应，本研究采用生物活性测定法，分析了不同浓度(0、20、40、60、80和100 mg·mL-1)燕麦根浸提液对5种西北燕麦田主要杂草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：燕麦根浸提物对5种杂草种子萌发和幼苗生长均有显著的化感作用(P <0.05)，且其化感效应存在一定的差异。根浸提液对油菜(Brassica napus)种子萌发具有促进作用(RI> 0)，而对刺苋(Amaranthus spinosus)、灰绿藜(Chenopodium glaucum)和狗尾草(Setaria viridis)种子萌发表现为抑制作用(RI <0)。燕麦根浸提液对刺苋、反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)和狗尾草的芽长和鲜重具有促进作用(RI> 0)，而对反枝苋和狗尾草的根长及油菜和灰绿藜的鲜重表现出抑制作用(RI <0)。通过分析各浓度下的综合化感效应可知，浸提液对刺苋、油菜和反枝苋的综合化感效应均为促进作用(SE> 0)，其作用强度由大到小依次为反枝苋>刺苋>油菜；对灰绿藜和狗尾草表...  相似文献   

添加不同乳酸菌对燕麦低温青贮发酵的影响     

柴继宽  赵桂琴  琚泽亮 《草地学报》2023,31(3):923-928

为了分析前期筛选出较耐低温不同乳酸菌（Lactic acid bacteria，LAB）对燕麦青贮发酵的影响，本试验以'陇燕5号’燕麦为原料，设置对照（CK）、商用菌株SLI和较耐低温菌株OL77，OL54及OL122共5个处理，在15℃，10℃和5℃低温下自然发酵45 d后进行营养成分、发酵品质和微生物数量的测定。结果表明：乳酸菌添加及温度对燕麦青贮的营养成分、发酵品质、微生物数量均有极显著影响。随着温度从15℃降至5℃，CK的粗蛋白（Crude protein，CP）降低了18.92%，氨态氮（Ammonia nitrogen，NH₃-N）增加了58.47%；与SLI相比，耐低温菌株OL77在提高干物质（Dry matter，DM）和CP、降低NH₃-N水平方面的效果优于OL54和OL122；添加剂在各温度处理下均提高了燕麦青贮发酵品质，15℃下添加OL77后燕麦青贮的pH值较CK和SLI分别降低了8.94%和1.57%，乳酸分别增加了79.23%和29.41%，乳酸菌数量分别增加了50.24%和15.61%。3个耐低温菌株中，OL77总体表现最优，促进燕麦低温发酵的效果最好。  相似文献   

温度和乳酸菌添加剂对燕麦青贮发酵品质及氧稳定性的影响     

琚泽亮  赵桂琴  柴继宽 《草原与草坪》2021,41(2):53-59,69

以乳熟期刈割的燕麦为材料,研究温度和乳酸菌添加剂对其青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响,设置无添加(对照,CK)、商业青贮添加剂Synlac I(SLI处理)和人工筛选菌株Lactobacillus rhamno-sus HT1(HT1处理)3个处理,分别置于25℃、35℃和45℃下青贮60 d后,取样测定青贮燕麦的发酵品...  相似文献   

22个紫花苜蓿品种种子萌发期耐盐性综合评价     

宫文龙  赵桂琴  刘欢 《草原与草坪》2017,(5):35-40

为快速、有效地鉴定紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种的耐盐性,筛选耐盐种质,在室内模拟盐分的条件下,通过培养皿纸上发芽法,用4个不同浓度(0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%)NaCl溶液对22个苜蓿品种进行萌发试验,测定其发芽势、发芽率、芽长及根长,并通过打分法对其耐盐性进行综合评价。结果表明:随着盐浓度的升高,供试苜蓿品种的发芽势、发芽率、芽长及根长均呈下降趋势。低浓度盐胁迫可促进苜蓿生长,高浓度严重抑制苜蓿种子萌发。22个苜蓿品种中耐盐性最强的为三得利、新牧1号和生存者,最弱的为哥萨克721。1.2%NaCl对苜蓿品种耐盐性的鉴别力最强,22个品种的耐盐性在此浓度处理下分化最大。  相似文献   

祁连山区轮作对燕麦土壤酶活性及微生物数量的影响          下载免费PDF全文

鲁金香  柴继宽  赵桂琴  魏孔涛  杨震 《草原与草坪》2023,(3):108-117

【目的】通过燕麦与油菜、箭筈豌豆、青稞、大麦等作物轮作，研究该种植模式对土壤酶活性和土壤微生物数量的影响。【方法】在山丹马场连续 3 年种植燕麦的地块上，设 6 个处理，分别种植箭筈豌豆、燕麦+箭筈豌豆、油菜、青稞、大麦、燕麦，研究不同处理下土壤酶活性及微生物数量的变化情况。 【结果】土壤酶活性随土层加深而逐渐下降，轮作较连作显著提高了土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性；燕麦与豆科轮作的土壤酶活性明显高于它与禾本科轮作，其中以燕麦-箭筈豌豆轮作效果最显著，开花期 0~20 cm 土层土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性较连作分别增加了 55. 92%、 20. 36% 和 51. 47%。轮作也显著增加了土壤微生物数量，其中燕麦→箭筈豌豆处理下增幅最大，0~ 10、10~20 和 20~30cm 土层土壤细菌数量较连作分别增加了 23. 34%、16. 51% 和 38. 92%（P＜0. 05）； 真菌数量分别增加了 110%、135. 29% 和 150%；放线菌数量分别增加 112. 65%、107. 41% 和 175. 38%。【结论】燕麦与豆科轮作对土壤酶活性和微生物数量的提高幅度显著大于它与禾本科轮作。 在祁连山区燕麦生产中，燕麦与箭筈豌豆轮作有望修复连作障碍，改善土壤环境。  相似文献   

燕麦抗倒伏性研究进展     

南铭  柴继宽  景芳  张丽娟  闵庚梅  刘亚锋  刘彦明  李晶  赵桂琴 《草地学报》2023,(9):2582-2589

倒伏是影响燕麦产量和品质的重要因素之一，也是目前燕麦育种和生产中亟需解决的突出问题。加强燕麦抗倒伏生理和分子机制的系统研究，对促进燕麦抗倒伏种质创新和丰产高效栽培具有重要意义。基于此，本文对燕麦倒伏方面的研究进行了系统总结，梳理了燕麦倒伏发生的影响因素和抗倒伏性鉴定评价现状，综述了燕麦抗倒伏形态学、生理学及解剖学等方面的研究进展，归纳了植株形态、理化物质、栽培措施等与燕麦倒伏的关系。并针对燕麦茎秆力学性能与内源物质合成，抗倒伏相关性状全基因组关联分析(Genome wide association study, GWAS)分析及数量性状位点(Quantitative trait locus, QTL)定位，功能基因挖掘与分子机制解析等研究进行了展望，旨在为我国燕麦遗传改良和抗倒品种选育提供参考，进而推动燕麦抗逆性研究的发展。  相似文献   

化学诱变剂EMS和MNU对燕麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响     

李娟宁  吕英  赵桂琴  柴继宽  蔺豆豆  王苗苗 《草原与草坪》2021,41(3):108-118

用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)、N-甲基-N-亚硝基脲(MNU)2种化学诱变剂,分别对3个燕麦品种(爱沃、陇燕4号、贝勒2代)进行不同浓度、不同时间的浸种诱变处理,测定其发芽率、发芽势和相对致死率、幼苗根长、芽长等指标,探究不同化学诱变剂对燕麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,筛选半致死处理,为燕麦化学诱变育种提供基础数据.结果 表...  相似文献   

Relationship between lodging resistance of oats and the basal internode stem characteristics and lignin synthesis北大核心CSCD     

南铭  李晶  赵桂琴  柴继宽  刘彦明 《草业学报》2022,31(11):172-180

Lodging is one of the important factors affecting yield and quality in oat crops. This research studied the physiological mechanisms of lodging resistance in oats，with a view to guiding future breeding. Mengyan 1 and Bayan 6 oat were included in this study as lodging-resistant varieties，while Dingyan 2 and Qingyin 2 were included as lodging-susceptible varieties. Data were collected on the morphological characteristics of basal elongation and differences in the contents of acid detergent fiber，neutral detergent fiber，cellulose and lignin and activities of key enzymes，for these oat cultivars with different lodging susceptibilities，so as to investigate the relationship between the lodging resistance of oats and the morphological characteristics and lignin content and synthase activity in the second-phase elongation at the base of stem. It was found that the amount of lodging among resistant cultivars was lighter and the lodging rate was lower than that of cultivars. The lengths of the second internode at the stem base of lodging easy cultivars were 34. 17% higher than those of lodging resistant cultivars. The internode diameter，stem wall thickness，stem weight，density，diameter，force and stem puncture force values of lodging resistant cultivars at the second internode of the stem base were，respectively，29.11%，26. 18%，25.80%，27.97%，34.61%，36.23% and 36. 60% higher than those of lodging-susceptible cultivars. The stem lignin and cellulose contents of cultivars resistant to lodging were significantly （P<0. 05） higher than those of cultivars susceptible to lodging. Lignin content was significantly （P<0. 01） positively correlated with the internode breaking force and puncture strength of the second internode at the stem base （r=0.9862 and r=0.9638，respectively），and significantly negatively correlated with the observed lodging rate（P<0.05，r=−0.9407）. Lignin synthetase tyrosine ammonialyase，phenylalanine aminotransferase，cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and 4-coumaric acid of CoA ligase in stems of lodging-resistant cultivars showed higher activities，resulting in accumulation of lignin at the internodes of the second elongation at the base of stem，which increased the lignification of cell walls and the mechanical strength of stems，and thus enhanced lodging resistance of the oats. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

Effects of altitude and variety on nutrient levels and epiphytes of oats北大核心CSCD     

赵桂琴  琚泽亮  柴继宽 《草业学报》2022,31(11):147-157

Oat crops are a major animal feed source in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and nearby areas. Typically，the crops are used for making silage rather than hay because of frequent rain at harvest in autumn. However，there is little data on how the yield，forage quality and levels of epiphytes that may affect silage quality of different oat varieties are affected by altitude. Therefore，four oat varieties（Longyan No. 3，Longyan No. 5，Baiyan No. 2 and Bayou No. 3） were planted in 8 localities forming an altitude gradient： Huangzhong （2295 m），Tianzhu （2797 m），Shandan （2860 m），Hezuo （2957 m），Haiyan （3052 m），Maqu （3474 m），Maqin （3765 m）and Chengduo （4217 m）. Measurements included crop yield and dry matter （DM），water soluble carbohydrate （WSC），crude protein （CP），neutral detergent fiber （NDF）and acid detergent fiber （ADF）contents，and counts of lactic acid bacteria （LAB），molds，yeasts and aerobic bacteria. It was found that there were significant altitude and variety effects on fresh yield，nutritional quality and microbial epiphyte counts. With increase in altitude，fresh yield，WSC，NDF and LAB counts increased（P<0.05），as much as 284. 00%，15. 49%，10.81% and 11.60% increment were observed at Chengduo site than that at Huangzhong，respectively；meanwhile DM，CP and yeast and mold counts were reduced by 15. 67%，36.27%，23.53% and 7.75% at Chengduo compared with Huangzhong site，respectively. Among the four tested varieties，Longyan No. 5 had the highest fresh yield （75605 kg·ha−1），WSC （201.4 g·kg-1 DM） and NDF （604. 2 g·kg-1 DM） at the Chengduo site，followed by Longyan No. 3. The highest CP （119.7 g· kg-1 DM） and mold counts （4.12 lg cfu·g-1 FM） were observed in Baiyan No. 2 at the Huangzhong site. Bayou No. 3 produced the highest LAB and yeast counts at Maqin and Chengduo sites. In general，Longyan No. 3 and Longyan No. 5 gave better performance at sites above 3000 m altitude；for sites below 3000 m，the four tested varieties were all found to be suitable for silage production. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

20份饲草型燕麦品种的抗倒伏性研究     

南铭  赵桂琴  柴继宽 《草原与草坪》2019,39(5)

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