Eleganolone,a Diterpene from the French Marine Alga Bifurcaria bifurcata Inhibits Growth of the Human Pathogens Trypanosoma brucei and Plasmodium falciparum     

Jean-Baptiste Gallé  Barthélémy Attioua  Marcel Kaiser  Anne-Marie Rusig  Annelise Lobstein  Catherine Vonthron-Sénécheau 《Marine drugs》2013,11(3):599-610

Organic extracts of 20 species of French seaweed have been screened against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense trypomastigotes, the parasite responsible for sleeping sickness. These extracts have previously shown potent antiprotozoal activities in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania donovani. The selectivity of the extracts was also evaluated by testing cytotoxicity on a mammalian L6 cell line. The ethyl acetate extract of the brown seaweed, Bifurcaria bifurcata, showed strong trypanocidal activity with a mild selectivity index (IC₅₀ = 0.53 µg/mL; selectivity index (SI) = 11.6). Bio-guided fractionation led to the isolation of eleganolone, the main diterpenoid isolated from this species. Eleganolone contributes only mildly to the trypanocidal activity of the ethyl acetate extract (IC₅₀ = 45.0 µM, SI = 4.0). However, a selective activity against P. falciparum erythrocytic stages in vitro has been highlighted (IC₅₀ = 7.9 µM, SI = 21.6).  相似文献   

Seminal plasma did not influence the presence of transforming growth factor-β1, interleukine-10 and interleukin-6 in porcine follicles shortly after insemination     

Jiwakanon Jatesada  Persson Elisabeth  Dalin Anne-Marie 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2013,55(1):66

Background

The effects of seminal plasma on the presence of the cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6 in ovarian follicles and follicular fluid were studied shortly after insemination in gilts.Ovaries from gilts were sampled 5–6 h after insemination with either seminal plasma (SP), fresh semen in extender (Beltsville thawing solution, BTS), spermatozoa in extender (Spz), or only BTS (control).

Results

Immunohistochemical (IHC) labeling of TGF-β1, IL-10 and IL-6 was evident in the ovarian oocytes and granulosa cells independent of stage of follicular development (antral follicles). Theca interna cells were labeled to a high degree in mature follicles. No consistent differences between treatment groups could be observed for any of the cytokines.In follicular fluid, high concentrations of TGF-β1 were found while the levels of IL-10 and IL-6 were low. There were no differences between treatment groups.

Conclusions

Our results show a presence of the cytokines TGF-β1, IL-6 and IL-10 in oocytes, granulosa and theca cells, as well as in the fluid of mature follicles suggesting a role of these cytokines in intra-ovarian cell communication. However, treatment (SP, fresh semen in BTS, spermatozoa in BTS or BTS) did not influence the IHC-labeling pattern or the levels of these cytokines in follicular fluid shortly after insemination.  相似文献   

Validation of a Dictyocaulus viviparus MSP-ELISA and cut-off adjustment in a one-year longitudinal field study in dairy cattle herds     

Schunn AM  Forbes A  Schnieder T  Strube C 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,189(2-4):291-298

A one-year field study analysing lungworm seropositivity by use of the MSP-ELISA was performed (1) to investigate the antibody dynamics in individual milk samples following field (re-)infections of dairy cows with the bovine lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus, (2) to investigate the correlation between individual and bulk tank milk (BTM) antibody titres and (3) to review the current individual as well as BTM cut-off value, which was extrapolated from dilution experiments (Fiedor et al., 2009). Over a one-year period individual and BTM samples were collected monthly on 15 dairy farms. Following a critical review of previous cut-off values, individual and BTM samples were subjected to different cut-off thresholds. Following Receiver-Operating-Characteristics (ROC) analysis, individual milk samples were assessed with the cut-off value 0.573, previously shown to be associated with each 100% sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the present study enabled BTM cut-off adjustment based on field data. To ensure reliable detection of herds with an in-herd prevalence of ≥20% the BTM cut-off was lowered from 0.493 to 0.410, corresponding to 100% sensitivity and 97.32% specificity. Regression analysis showed that the percentage of seropositive animals related to the corresponding BTM ODR correlated moderately (r=0.581, P<0.001), whereas a strong correlation (r=0.764, P<0.001) was found between mean individual and BTM ODR per herd and sampling month. Seasonal antibody pattern became obvious in a single-peaked antibody curve in late summer/early autumn for individual milk whilst BTM showed a two-peaked distribution with an additional spring peak besides the late summer/early autumn peak. This leads to the conclusion that the BTM-ELISA could be a useful tool to detect and control pasture contamination in the spring, following sexual maturation of hypobiotic lungworm larvae harboured by clinically asymptomatic carrier animals. In addition to the knowledge gained on antibody patterns in dairy herds and the relationship of individual and BTM, the present study enabled sensitivity and specificity calculations for the obsolete BTM cut-off value 0.493 to be performed.  相似文献   

Assessment of ultrasonography and computed tomography for the evaluation of unilateral orbital disease in dogs     

Boroffka SA  Verbruggen AM  Grinwis GC  Voorhout G  Barthez PY 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,230(5):671-680

OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical, ultrasonographic, and computed tomographic (CT) features of confirmed neoplastic and nonneoplastic disease in dogs with unilateral orbital diseases, determine criteria to differentiate between the 2 conditions, and assess the relative value of ultrasonography and CT for the differential diagnosis of these 2 conditions. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 29 dogs with unilateral neoplastic orbital disease and 16 dogs with unilateral nonneoplastic orbital disease. PROCEDURES: Clinical history and results of physical and ophthalmologic examinations were recorded. Ultrasonographic and CT images were evaluated, and discriminating factors were identified to differentiate neoplastic from nonneoplastic diseases. Diagnostic value of ultrasonography and CT was assessed. RESULTS: Dogs with neoplastic disease were significantly older; had clinical signs for a longer time before initial examination; had more progressive onset of clinical signs; and more frequently had protrusion of the nictitating membrane, fever, and anorexia. The most discriminating factor for both imaging modalities was delineation of the margins (odds ratio was 41.7 for ultrasonography and 45 for CT), with neoplastic lesions clearly delineated more often. Ultrasonographically, neoplastic lesions were more frequently hypoechoic and homogeneous, with indentation of the globe and bone involvement evident more frequently than for nonneoplastic lesions. Mineralization was detected only with neoplasia. Fluctuant fluid was seen more frequently in dogs with nonneoplastic disease. Computed tomography more frequently revealed extraorbital involvement. Diagnostic value was similar for both imaging modalities. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ultrasonography and CT are valuable imaging modalities to assist in differentiating neoplastic from nonneoplastic unilateral orbital disease in dogs.  相似文献   

Sperm morphology and chromatin integrity in Swedish warmblood stallions and their relationship to pregnancy rates     

Jane M Morrell  Anders Johannisson  Anne-Marie Dalin  Linda Hammar  Thomas Sandebert  Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2008,50(1):2

Background

Artificial insemination is not as widely used in horses as in other domestic species, such as dairy cattle and pigs, partly because of the wide variation in sperm quality between stallion ejaculates and partly due to decreased fertility following the use of cooled transported spermatozoa. Furthermore, predictive tests for sperm fertilising ability are lacking. The objective of the present study was to assess sperm morphology and chromatin integrity in ejaculates obtained from 11 warmblood breeding stallions in Sweden, and to evaluate the relationship of these parameters to pregnancy rates to investigate the possibility of using these tests predictively.

Methods

Aliquots from fortyone ejaculates, obtained as part of the normal semen collection schedule at the Swedish National Stud, were used for morphological analysis by light microscopy, whereas thirtyseven were used for chromatin analysis (SCSA) by flow cytometry. The outcome of inseminations using these ejaculates was made available later in the same year.

Results

Ranges for the different parameters were as follows; normal morphology, 27–79.5%; DNA-fragmentation index (DFI), 4.8–19.0%; standard deviation of DNA fragmentation index (SD_DFI) 41.5–98.9, and mean of DNA fragmentation index (mean_DFI), 267.7–319.5. There was considerable variation among stallions, which was statistically significant for all these parameters except for mean_DFI (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.001 and P < 0.2 respectively). There was a negative relationship between normal morphology and DFI (P < 0.05), between normal morphology and SD_DFI (P < 0.001), and between normal morphology and mean_DFI (P < 0.05). For specific defects, there was a direct relationship between the incidence of pear-shaped sperm heads and DFI (P < 0.05), and also nuclear pouches and DFI (P < 0.001), indicating that either morphological analysis or chromatin analysis was able to identify abnormalities in spermiogenesis that could compromise DNA-integrity. A positive relationship was found between normal morphology and pregnancy rate following insemination (r = 0.789; P < 0.01) and a negative relationship existed between DFI and pregnancy rate (r = -0.63; P < 0.05). Sperm motility, assessed subjectively, was not related to conception rate.

Conclusion

Either or both of the parameters, sperm morphology and sperm chromatin integrity, seem to be useful in predicting the fertilising ability of stallion ejaculates, particularly in determining cases of sub-fertility.  相似文献   

Histopathological nerve and skeletal muscle changes in rats subjected to persistent insulin-induced hypoglycemia     

Vivi Flou Hjorth Jensen  Anne-Marie M?lck  Annette Heydenreich  Karin Juul Jensen  Line Olrik Bertelsen  Lene Alifrangis  Lene Andersen  Henrik S?eborg  Melissa Chapman  Jens Lykkesfeldt  Ingrid Brück B?gh 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2016,29(1):17-30

New insulin analogues with a longer duration of action and a flatter pharmacodynamic profile are developed to improve convenience and safety for diabetic patients. During the nonclinical development of such analogues, safety studies must be conducted in nondiabetic rats, which consequently are rendered chronically hypoglycemic. A rat comparator model using human insulin would be valuable, as it would enable differentiation between effects related to either persistent insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IIH) or a new analogue per se. Such a model could alleviate the need for an in-study-comparator and thereby reduce the number of animals used during development. Thus, the aims of the present study were i) to develop a preclinical animal model of persistent hypoglycemia in rats using human insulin infusion for four weeks and ii) to investigate histopathological changes in sciatic nerves and quadriceps femoris muscle tissue, as little is known about the response to persistent hypoglycemia in these tissues. Histopathologic changes in insulin-infused animals included axonal degeneration and myofibre degeneration. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that persistent IIH provokes peripheral nerve and skeletal myofiber degeneration within the same animals. This suggests that the model can serve as a nonclinical comparator model during development of long-acting insulin analogues.  相似文献   

Comparative analysis of active constituents in Centella asiatica samples from Madagascar: application for ex situ conservation and clonal propagation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Randriamampionona D  Diallo B  Rakotoniriana F  Rabemanantsoa C  Cheuk K  Corbisier AM  Mahillon J  Ratsimamanga S  El Jaziri M 《Fitoterapia》2007,78(7-8):482-489

A comparative quantitative analysis of the active triterpenoids in Centella asiatica samples collected in different locations in Madagascar was carried out to evaluate the natural variability in triterpenoid content and to select elite samples for further ex situ germplasm conservation and clonal propagation. The highest asiaticoside content (6.42%) was measured in samples collected in Mangoro region. In vitro propagation of C. asiatica was successfully achieved in hormone-free medium. Although lower asiaticoside content was detected in 8-week-old vitro plants, the Mangoro sample still showed the highest content in this triterpenoid constituent (1.78%). Acetoxycentellynol, a C(15)-polyacetylene, was found to be accumulated up to 18 times more in in vitro plants as compared to plant material collected in situ.  相似文献   

Immune responses after local administration of IgY loaded-PLGA microspheres in gut-associated lymphoid tissue in pigs     

Torché AM  Le Dimna M  Le Corre P  Mesplède A  Le Gal S  Cariolet R  Le Potier MF 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2006,109(3-4):209-217

Oral vaccination of large animals using PLGA MS (poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)microspheres) appeared to be more challenging than immunization of mice. The purpose of this study was to deliver to GALT an immunogenic model protein (IgY), free or encapsulated by spray-drying in PLGA MS, and to evaluate systemic immune response in SPF Large White pigs. Pigs were surgically processed for local administration of IgY in three sets of experiments. In two sets of experiments, administration was locally performed in temporary ligatured intestinal segments, in jejunal Peyer's patches and in mesenteric lymph nodes. In the third experiment, pigs received IgY via an intestinal cannula. Total IgY-specific antibodies were detected in the sera of pigs after a single local immunization, but not in the sera of cannulated pigs. The study of IgG1 and IgG2 isotypes indicated that PLGA MS are able to elicit a combined serum IgG2/G1 response with a predominance of IgG1 response when locally administered. PLGA MS can be a potential oral delivery system for antigen but our results underlined the difficulty to immunize large animals like pigs. Transposition of data between small and large animals appears to be complex and suggests that physiological features need to be considered to increase intestinal availability of oral encapsulated vaccines.  相似文献   

Surgical resection of a gastrointestinal stromal cell tumor by double enterectomy and partial pancreatectomy on a 13-year-old mixed breed dog     

De Martin I  Gagnon AM 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2006,47(4):370-373

Surgical resection of a gastrointestinal stromal cell tumor by double enterectomy and partial pancreatectomy on a 13-year-old mixed breed dog. A 13 year-old, male, mixed breed dog, has been presented for an abdominal mass. The exam showed the presence of an ileo-caeco-colic mass adhered to the distal portion of the pancreas and the mid duodenum. A double enterectomy and a partial pancreatectomy were carried out and a diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal cell tumor has been established.  相似文献   

Duodenal obstruction caused by duodenal sigmoid flexure volvulus in dairy cattle: 29 cases (2006-2010)     

SR Vogel  S Nichols  S Buczinski  A Desrochers  M Babkine  M Veillette  D Francoz  E Doré  G Fecteau  AM Bélanger  M Badillo 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,241(5):621-625

Objective-To characterize duodenal sigmoid flexure volvulus (DSFV) and determine the prognosis for affected cattle undergoing surgery. Design-Retrospective case series. Animals-29 dairy cattle. Procedures-The medical records were analyzed for history, signalment, clinical signs, medical management, surgical findings, and outcome. Results-29 cattle were determined to have DSFV between December 2006 and August 2010. Twenty cattle had had an omentopexy or pyloropexy performed 1 day to 2 years before initial evaluation. Cattle were afebrile, tachycardic, and moderately dehydrated, with a small zone of percussion with a ping at the 10th to 12th right intercostal spaces and associated succussion. Biochemical changes were a severe hypokalemic (mean ± SD, 2.9 ± 0.5 mmol/L; median, 3.1 mmol/L; range, 2.08 to 3.92 mmol/L), hypochloremic (mean, 69.7 ± 11.1 mmol/L; median, 71.7 mmol/L; range, 49.1 to 94.1 mmol/L) metabolic alkalosis (mean total CO(2), 44.5 ± 7.4 mmol/L; median, 45.3 mmol/L; range, 31.5 to 59.6 mmol/L) and hyperbilirubinemia (mean, 32.4 ± 29.0 μmol/L; median, 20.5 μmol/L; range, 7.8 to 107 μmol/L). Surgical findings for DSFV included an empty descending duodenum adjacent to a dorsally displaced and dilated cranial segment of the duodenum, distended abomasum and gallbladder, and a tight volvulus at the base of the duodenal sigmoid flexure. Manual reduction was considered successful if the descending duodenum filled after cranial duodenal massage. Twenty-two patients were successfully treated; the remaining 7 died or were euthanized within 4 days after surgery. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-A condition clinically resembling abomasal volvulus but affecting the duodenal sigmoid flexure has been recognized in dairy cattle. When a focal, dorsal right-sided ping and succussion are present combined with severe hypokalemic, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis and high bilirubin concentration, DSFV should be suspected, especially when there is a history of prior abomasal fixation. After surgical correction, the prognosis is fair to good.  相似文献