Processes and lands for sequestering carbon in the tropical forest landscape     

Sandra Brown  Ariel E. Lugo  Louis R. Iverson 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1992,64(1-2):139-155

Balancing the C budget in the tropics has been hindered by the assumption that those forests not undergoing deforestation are in C steady state with respect to their C pools and thus with the atmosphere. The long history of human activity in tropical forests suggests otherwise. In this paper we discuss the forest compartments into which C can be stored, what the likely rates of storage are and for how long, and over which areas of the tropical landscape these processes occur. Results of our analysis suggest that tropical forests have the potential to sequester up to 2.5 Pg C yr^?1 from the atmosphere if human pressure could be completely removed. Addition of agroecosystems and degraded lands could increase this estimate markedly.  相似文献   

Effects and interactions of genes Lr34, Lr68 and Sr2 on wheat leaf rust adult plant resistance in Uruguay     

Paula Silva  Violeta Calvo-Salazar  Federico Condón  Martin Quincke  Clara Pritsch  Lucía Gutiérrez  Ariel Castro  Sybil Herrera-Foessel  Jarislav von Zitzewitz  Silvia Germán 《Euphytica》2015,204(3):599-608

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Ultrasonographic features of mesenteric cysticercosis in a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)     

Ariel Brody  Timothy B. Kloer  Robert T. Rush  Lauren J. Harris  Lynn R. Griffin  Miranda J. Sadar 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2020,61(4):36-39

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Comparative time-course study on pituitary and branchial response to salinity challenge in Mozambique tilapia (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oreochromis mossambicus</Emphasis>) and Nile tilapia (<Emphasis Type="Italic">O</Emphasis>. <Emphasis Type="Italic">niloticus</Emphasis>)     

Velan A  Hulata G  Ron M  Cnaani A 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2011,37(4):863-873

The physiological response of Mozambique and Nile tilapia transferred from fresh to brackish (15 ppt) water was compared during a one-week time course. Response in the pituitary was measured by the gene expression pattern of prolactin (PRL I), growth hormone (GH), and calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), while the response in the gills was measured by the gene expression pattern of the prolactin receptor (PRL-R), Na⁺/K⁺/2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC) and Na⁺/Cl⁻ cotransporter (NCC), and by activity and expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase (NKA). The time-course curves of plasma osmolality levels indicate a rapid elevation 24 h after transfer, which later decreased and maintained at stable level. PRL I expression decreased in both species, but with stronger response in the Nile tilapia, while no differences were found in the slightly elevated levels of GH mRNA. The branchial response demonstrated a faster up-regulation of NKA and NKCC in the Mozambique tilapia, but similar levels after a week, while Nile tilapia had stronger and constant down-regulation of NCC. The time-course response of the measured osmoregulatory parameters indicate that 24 h after transfer is a critical time point for brackish-water adaptation. The differences in responses to saltwater challenge between Mozambique and Nile tilapia shown in this study may be associated with the differences in saltwater tolerance between these two tilapiine species.  相似文献   

A new species of Trichuris from Thrichomys apereoides (Rodentia: Echimyidae) in Brazil: Morphological and histological studies     

Torres EJ  Nascimento AP  Menezes AO  Garcia J  dos Santos MA  Maldonado A  Miranda K  Lanfredi RM  de Souza W 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,176(2-3):226-235

Trichuris thrichomysi n. sp., recovered from the cecum of the wild rodent Thrichomys apereoides from a transition zone between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado morfoclimatic domains, and its life cycle observed under experimental conditions are described. This new species is closely related to Trichuris travassosi, Trichuris chiliensis and Trichuris fulvi, but can be distinguished from them mainly by differences in the posterior end of males. Details of the surface such as the bacillary gland, cuticular inflations and several morphological details obtained by scanning electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy confirmed the characteristics that differentiate the new species. The histopathology of the intestinal wall of naturally infected rodents is also reported. The present study extends the geographical distribution of T. thrichomysi n. sp to the Pantanal ecosystem and reports a new host, Thrichomys pachiurus.  相似文献   

Viruses in reptiles     

Ariel E 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):100

ABSTRACT: The etiology of reptilian viral diseases can be attributed to a wide range of viruses occurring across different genera and families. Thirty to forty years ago, studies of viruses in reptiles focused mainly on the zoonotic potential of arboviruses in reptiles and much effort went into surveys and challenge trials of a range of reptiles with eastern and western equine encephalitis as well as Japanese encephalitis viruses. In the past decade, outbreaks of infection with West Nile virus in human populations and in farmed alligators in the USA has seen the research emphasis placed on the issue of reptiles, particularly crocodiles and alligators, being susceptible to, and reservoirs for, this serious zoonotic disease. Although there are many recognised reptilian viruses, the evidence for those being primary pathogens is relatively limited. Transmission studies establishing pathogenicity and cofactors are likewise scarce, possibly due to the relatively low commercial importance of reptiles, difficulties with the availability of animals and permits for statistically sound experiments, difficulties with housing of reptiles in an experimental setting or the inability to propagate some viruses in cell culture to sufficient titres for transmission studies. Viruses as causes of direct loss of threatened species, such as the chelonid fibropapilloma associated herpesvirus and ranaviruses in farmed and wild tortoises and turtles, have re-focused attention back to the characterisation of the viruses as well as diagnosis and pathogenesis in the host itself.1. Introduction2. Methods for working with reptilian viruses3. Reptilian viruses described by virus families3.1. Herpesviridae3.2. Iridoviridae3.2.1 Ranavirus3.2.2 Erythrocytic virus3.2.3 Iridovirus3.3. Poxviridae3.4. Adenoviridae3.5. Papillomaviridae3.6. Parvoviridae3.7. Reoviridae3.8. Retroviridae and inclusion body disease of Boid snakes3.9. Arboviruses3.9.1. Flaviviridae3.9.2. Togaviridae3.10. Caliciviridae3.11. Picornaviridae3.12. Paramyxoviridae4. Summary5. Acknowledgements6. Competing interests7. References.  相似文献   

Interaction of critical periods in the visual cortex of kittens     

N W Daw  N E Berman  M Ariel 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1978,199(4328):565-567

The critical period for modifying the preferred direction in cat cortical units occurs earlier than that for monocular deprivation. The independence of the effects of these two types of deprivation from each other was tested by rearing six kittens with both reverse suture and reversed directional deprivation. The kittens were placed in a drum rotating in one direction with one eye open at ages 2 1/2 to 5 weeks; the drum rotation was reversed and the other eye opened when they were 5 to 12 weeks old. Recordings were then made in the visual cortex. The results were the sum of the effects of reverse suture and reversal of directional deprivation: most cells were driven by the eye that was open second, and most unidirectional cells preferred the direction to which the animals were exposed first. Consequently, many unidirectional cells preferred the first direction but were driven by the eye open second--a combination that the animal never saw during rearing. There was also an effect of ocular deprivation on directional properties and vice versa: reverse suture reduced the overall percentage of unidirectional cells, just as directional deprivation has been shown to affect the ocular dominance histogram. This result suggests that the same cells may be affected by both forms of deprivation.  相似文献   

The movement of aquatic mercury through terrestrial food webs     

Cristol DA  Brasso RL  Condon AM  Fovargue RE  Friedman SL  Hallinger KK  Monroe AP  White AE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5874):335

Mercury has contaminated rivers worldwide, with health consequences for aquatic organisms and humans who consume them. Researchers have focused on aquatic birds as sentinels for mercury. However, trophic transfer between adjacent ecosystems could lead to the export of aquatic mercury to terrestrial habitats. Along a mercury-contaminated river in Virginia, United States, terrestrial birds had significantly elevated levels of mercury in their blood, similar to their aquatic-feeding counterparts. Diet analysis revealed that spiders delivered much of the dietary mercury. We conclude that aquatic mercury pollution can move into terrestrial habitats, where it biomagnifies to levels in songbirds that may cause adverse effects. Rivers contaminated with mercury may pose a threat to the many bird species that feed on predatory invertebrates in adjacent riparian habitats.  相似文献   

Maintenance of fresh boysenberry fruit quality with UV-C light and heat treatments combined with low storage temperature     

Ariel Vicente  Bernardo Repice  Gustavo Martínez  Alicia Chaves  Pedro Civello 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):246-251

Summary

Mature boysenberries (Rubus hybrid) were harvested, heat-treated (45°C for 1 or 3 h or 47°C for 1 h) or exposed to UV-C light (2.3, 4.6 or 9.2 kJ m^–2), and stored at 20°C for 2 d. Fruit treated with 9.2 kJ m^–2 or 45°C for 1 h showed less damaged drupelets per fruit and/or remained firmer than untreated fruit after 2 d. Those treatments were selected for further analyses. In another experiment, boysenberries were either UV-C (9.2 kJ m^–2) or heat-treated (45°C for 1 h) and stored either at 20°C for 1 d or at 0°C for 4 d before transfer to 20°C for 1 d. Both UV-C and heat treatments reduced softening and/or fruit damage. Treated fruit had lower respiration rates and anthocyanin leakage than control fruit suggesting greater tissue integrity. Titratable acidity, pH, total sugar content and antioxidant activity in treated fruit showed fewer changes than in control fruit when stored at 20°C for 1 d. Results suggest that heat or UV-C treatment, alone or in combination with refrigerated storage, may be a useful non-chemical mean of maintaining boysenberry fruit quality and extending postharvest life.  相似文献   

Selection of a fungal isolate for the control of the pink hibiscus mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus     

Karla H Ibarra‐Cortés  Ariel W Guzmán‐Franco  Héctor González‐Hernández  Javier Suarez‐Espinosa  Jason Baverstock 《Pest management science》2013,69(7):874-882

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