Natural and experimental hepatitis E virus genotype 3 - infection in European wild boar is transmissible to domestic pigs     

Josephine Schlosser  Martin Eiden  Ariel Vina-Rodriguez  Christine Fast  Paul Dremsek  Elke Lange  Rainer G Ulrich  Martin H Groschup 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of acute hepatitis E in humans in developing countries, but sporadic and autochthonous cases do also occur in industrialised countries. In Europe, food-borne zoonotic transmission of genotype 3 (gt3) has been associated with domestic pig and wild boar. However, little is known about the course of HEV infection in European wild boar and their role in HEV transmission to domestic pigs. To investigate the transmissibility and pathogenesis of wild boar-derived HEVgt3, we inoculated four wild boar and four miniature pigs intravenously. Using quantitative real-time RT-PCR viral RNA was detected in serum, faeces and in liver, spleen and lymph nodes. The antibody response evolved after fourteen days post inoculation. Histopathological findings included mild to moderate lymphoplasmacytic hepatitis which was more prominent in wild boar than in miniature pigs. By immunohistochemical methods, viral antigens were detected mainly in Kupffer cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, partially associated with hepatic lesions, but also in spleen and lymph nodes. While clinical symptoms were subtle and gross pathology was inconspicuous, increased liver enzyme levels in serum indicated hepatocellular injury. As the faecal-oral route is supposed to be the most likely transmission route, we included four contact animals to prove horizontal transmission. Interestingly, HEVgt3-infection was also detected in wild boar and miniature pigs kept in contact to intravenously inoculated wild boar. Given the high virus loads and long duration of viral shedding, wild boar has to be considered as an important HEV reservoir and transmission host in Europe.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-014-0121-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

Relationship between cobalamin and folate deficiencies and anemia in dogs     

Emma Stanley  Elizabeth Appleman  Ariel Schlag  Andrea Siegel 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(1):106-113

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Prognostic value of fluorine18 flourodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma     

Lynn R. Griffin  Douglas H. Thamm  Ariel Brody  Laura E. Selmic 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(2):820-826

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Protection against infectious laryngotracheitis by in ovo vaccination with commercially available viral vector recombinant vaccines     

Johnson DI  Vagnozzi A  Dorea F  Riblet SM  Mundt A  Zavala G  García M 《Avian diseases》2010,54(4):1251-1259

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious respiratory disease of chickens caused by infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). The disease is mainly controlled through biosecurity and by vaccination with live-attenuated vaccines. The chicken embryo origin (CEO) vaccines, although proven to be effective in experimental settings, have limited efficacy in controlling the disease in dense broiler production sites due to unrestricted use and poor mass vaccination coverage. These factors allowed CEO vaccines to regain virulence, causing long lasting and, consequently, severe outbreaks of the disease. A new generation of viral vector fowl poxvirus (FPV) and herpesvirus of turkey (HVT) vaccines carrying ILTV genes has been developed and such vaccines are commercially available. These vaccines are characterized by their lack of transmission, lack of ILTV-associated latent infections, and no reversion to virulence. HVT-vectored ILTV recombinant vaccines were originally approved for subcutaneous HVT or transcutaneous (pox) delivery. The increased incidence of ILTV outbreaks in broiler production sites encouraged the broiler industry to deliver the FPV-LT and HVT-LT recombinant vaccines in ovo. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protection induced by ILTV viral vector recombinant vaccines after in ovo application in 18-day-old commercial broiler embryos. The protection induced by recombinant ILTV vaccines was assessed by their ability to prevent clinical signs and mortality; to reduce challenge virus replication in the trachea; to prevent an increase in body temperature; and to prevent a decrease in body weight gain after challenge. In this study, both recombinant-vectored ILTV vaccines provided partial protection, thereby mitigating the disease, but did not reduce challenge virus loads in the trachea.  相似文献   

Harnessing genetic resources and progress in plant genomics for fonio (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Digitaria</Emphasis> spp.) improvement     

Mathieu Anatole Tele Ayenan  Kpedetin Ariel Frejus Sodedji  Charles Ikenna Nwankwo  Katina Floride Olodo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(2):373-386

Fonio plays an important role in food security and in income generation, in drought prone areas of West Africa. This review aimed at highlighting fonio production constraints, breeding objectives and available genetic resources for fonio improvement. Lack of institutional support to research, lack of improved seeds, parasitic weed infestation, grain shattering, lodging and toilsome of the post-harvest handling are the major constraints limiting fonio production. These factors lead to negligence of the crop notwithstanding its high nutritional and market values. Breeding programs on fonio should first focus on solving these problems to improve overall yield. We explored the potential of mutation breeding, somaclonal variation, somatic hybridization, molecular markers, comparative genomics, individualized targeting induced local lesions in genomes (iTILLING), genotype by sequencing and genomic selection to develop improved fonio varieties. Determination of ploidy level, wide collection and characterization of fonio genetic resources, definition of core reference set collection, and exploitation of heterosis are some key research areas that would be of great interest in fonio improvement. However, this can only be achieved with adequate funding and institutional support.  相似文献   

Biochemical side effects of the herbicide FINALE<Superscript>®</Superscript> on <Emphasis Type="Italic">bar</Emphasis> gene-containing transgenic pineapple plantlets     

Lourdes Yabor  Carlos Aragón  Martha Hernández  Ariel Arencibia  José Carlos Lorenzo 《Euphytica》2008,164(2):515-520

Pineapple is one of the most important tropical fruits and therefore intensive genetic improvement programs are being carried out in many countries, including Cuba. Our research team has previously introduced the bar gene, along with chitinase and AP24 genes, into the pineapple genome. Herein, we report on the biochemical side effects of the herbicide FINALE^® on these transgenic plantlets during hardening. Levels of aldehydes and chlorophylls, and peroxidase activity were recorded. The transformed clone studied here, not sprayed with FINALE^®, showed the following side effects because of transgenesis only. Levels of malondialdehyde, other aldehydes, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll pigments decreased. The most remarkable biochemical differences between transgenic and non-transgenic plantlets after application of FINALE^® follow. Levels of malondialdehyde and other aldehydes in transgenic material were not decreased by FINALE^®, perhaps because these levels were already low as a result of transformation. FINALE^® increased peroxidase activity in transgenic plantlets but such increase was higher in non-transgenic material. The herbicide increased contents of chlorophyll pigments (a, b, total) in transformed plantlets. However, as expected, non-transgenic plantlets decreased levels of chlorophylls (a, b, total) after application of FINALE^®. The genetic transformation of pineapple with the bar gene not only conferred resistance to the herbicide FINALE^®, but also promoted other biochemical changes.  相似文献   

Geometrical and physicochemical considerations of the pit membrane in relation to air seeding: the pit membrane as a capillary valve   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Meyra AG  Kuz VA  Zarragoicoechea GJ 《Tree physiology》2007,27(10):1401-1405

A theoretical treatment of some of the factors influencing air seeding at the pit membranes of xylem vessels is given. Pit membrane structure, viewed as a three-dimensional mesh of intercrossing fibrils, and vulnerability to water-stress-induced air seeding are examined in the context of the Young-Laplace equation. Simple geometrical considerations of the porous membrane show that the vapor-liquid interface curvature radius is a function of fiber-fiber distance, fiber radius, wetting angle and position of the wetting line. Air seeding (maximum pressure) occurs at the minimum curvature radius, therefore air seeding is not simply determined by the fiber-fiber distance but is a function of the geometry of the pit membrane and of physicochemical quantities like surface tension and wetting angle. As a consequence of considering a wetting angle different from zero, the minimum curvature radius becomes larger than half the fiber-fiber distance. The present model considers that, for a given pressure difference at the pit membrane, all local interface curvatures are the same. In this sense, pit membranes work as variable capillary valves that allow or prevent air seeding by adjusting local curvatures and interface positions relative to the pore-forming fibers, following the pressure differences across the membranes. The theoretical prediction for the air seeding threshold is consistent with recent experimental data for angiosperm trees.  相似文献   

A link between hurricane-induced tree sprouting, high stem density and short canopy in tropical dry forest     

Van Bloem SJ  Murphy PG  Lugo AE 《Tree physiology》2007,27(3):475-480

The physiognomy of Caribbean dry forest is shorter, denser and contains a greater proportion of multi-stemmed trees than other neotropical dry forests. Our previous research, conducted after Hurricane Georges in 1998, has shown that dry forest trees sprout near the base following hurricane disturbance, even if the trees have not incurred structural damage. However, for these hurricane-induced sprouts to contribute to the physiognomy of the forest, they must grow and survive. We followed sprout dynamics and stem mortality on 1,407 stems from 1998, after Hurricane Georges, until 2005. The number of surviving sprouts and the proportion of sprouting stems decreased during the 7-year period, but the sprouting rate was still 3-fold higher and the proportion of sprouting stems 5-fold higher than before the hurricane. Mortality of non-sprouting stems (15.4%) was about the same as for sprouting stems (13.9%) after 7 years. The mean length of the dominant sprout surpassed 1.6 m by 2005, with over 13% of the dominant sprouts reaching subcanopy height. Sprout growth and survival varied among species. These results demonstrate that, despite some thinning, hurricane-induced sprouts survive and grow and that the unique physiognomic characteristic of Caribbean dry forests is related to hurricane disturbance.  相似文献   

Pomegranate Juice and Peel Extracts are Able to Inhibit Proliferation,Migration and Colony Formation of Prostate Cancer Cell Lines and Modulate the Akt/mTOR/S6K Signaling Pathway     

Chaves  Fernanda Machado  Pavan  Isadora Carolina Betim  da Silva  Luiz Guilherme Salvino  de Freitas  Lidia Broglio  Rostagno  Mauricio Ariel  Antunes  Adriane Elisabete Costa  Bezerra  Rosângela Maria Neves  Simabuco  Fernando Moreira 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(1):54-62

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is known to contain polyphenols with many potential health benefits, including anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial...  相似文献   

Uniform ripening encodes a Golden 2-like transcription factor regulating tomato fruit chloroplast development     

Powell AL  Nguyen CV  Hill T  Cheng KL  Figueroa-Balderas R  Aktas H  Ashrafi H  Pons C  Fernández-Muñoz R  Vicente A  Lopez-Baltazar J  Barry CS  Liu Y  Chetelat R  Granell A  Van Deynze A  Giovannoni JJ  Bennett AB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6089):1711-1715

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