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Avinash?Pandey I.?S.?BishtEmail author K.?V.?Bhat P.?S.?Mehta 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2011,58(8):1213-1224
Role of informal seed system in landrace diversification, in situ conservation on-farm and sustainability in production were investigated as a case study for rice diversity in Indian Himalayas.
The diachronic pattern of landrace occurrence revealed substantial increase, both in landrace number and frequency, in time.
The local level seed supply in Uttarakhand Himalaya revealed that about 96% seed supply originated from informal system and
a mere 4% seed supply is met from formal seed supply networks. In higher elevation ranges, beyond 1200 masl, largely landrace
cultivation is practiced and a greater landrace diversification in traditional production was observed. Substantial variations
due to environmental adaptations in niche habitats help provide important donor germplasm for crop improvement to users. Further,
the population genetic structure also indicated enough diversity being maintained on-farm. Developing pathways for strengthening
local level seed system for landrace diversification linked to sustainability in food production and conserving agro-biodiversity
has been emphasized. 相似文献
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Phosphorous (P) is one of the most deficient nutrients owing to its fixation and low mobility in acid soils. A total of 324 genotypes were screened in both P sufficient and insufficient conditions to evaluate the P uptake efficiency. Thirty-four responsive genotypes were evaluated in solution culture with two checks, ICGV 86590 and JL 24. The components of variability revealed high magnitude and highly heritable nature of the variation. Highly responsive genotypes to P insufficiency; ICG 14475, ICGV 92188, and M 68 were further tested for phosphorus uptake efficiency at 15, 30, and 45 days after sowing (DAS) along with checks in sand culture in pots. ICG 14475, ICGV 92188, and ICGV 86590 were found superior in both acquisition and utilization of phosphorus due to enhanced root production for P exploration and shoot expansion, respectively. JL 24 was poor in acquisition due to lack of response in root traits under P insufficiency. 相似文献
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Thomas O. Barnwell Jr. Robert B. Jackson IV Edward T. Elliott Ph.D. Ingrid C. Burke Ph. D. C. Vernon Cole Ph.D. Keith Paustian Ph.D. Eldor A. Paul Ph.D. Anthony S. Donigian Avinash S. Patwardhan Allen Rowell Kevin Weinrich 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1992,64(1-2):423-435
Agroecosystems contain about 12% of the terrestrial soil C and play an important role in the global C cycle. We describe a project to evaluate the degree to which management practices can affect soil C in agroecosystems. The objectives of the project are to determine if agricultural systems can be managed to conserve and sequester C and thereby reduce the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere, and to provide reference datasets and methodologies for agricultural assessments. 相似文献
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Avinash Chandra Rathore P. L. Saroj H. Lal N. K. Sharma J. Jayaprakash O. P. Chaturvedi A. Raizada J. M. S. Tomar Pradeep Dogra 《Agroforestry Systems》2013,87(6):1389-1404
A total of 15 years of experimentation period (1995–2010) was divided into two phases. In the first phase (1995–2005), five mango based agri-horticultural models (AHM) viz. Mango + cowpea–toria, mango + cluster bean/okra–toria, mango + sesame–toria, mango + black gram–toria and mango + pigeon pea in addition to sole mango plantation (no intercrop) and in second phase (2005–2010), two mango based AHM (mango + colocasia and mango + turmeric) in addition to sole mango (no intercrop) were studied. The mean maximum cowpea equivalent yield (t ha?1) was harvested from cowpea (1.84) followed by okra (1.21), black gram (1.11), sesame (0.68) and mean minimum with pigeon pea (0.58). The crop yield reduction among the mango based AHM was observed from third year to tenth year. The positive correlation was found between light transmission and intercrops yields amongst all models during both phases. However, the correlation between mango canopy spread and intercrop yields shown negative trends. The yield reduction in intercrops varied from 37.0–52.6 % during first phase and 20.6–23.5 % during second phase of experimentation compared to sole crop. The results revealed that the fruit based AHM were effective in improving fruit yields of the mango. The mean maximum fruit yield of mango (7.02 t ha?1) was harvested with cowpea–toria crop rotation followed by black gram–toria (6.59 t ha?1) and minimum fruit yield (5.76 t ha?1) realized with sole mango tree during first phase (1999–2005). Likewise, mean maximum fruit yield (13.71 t ha?1) from mango tree was obtained in the turmeric block followed by (13.00 t ha?1) in colocasia block and minimum fruit yield with sole mango tree (11.86 t ha?1). All the treatments of AHM recorded higher soil moisture as compared to sole mango plantation during both phases. The moisture retention under different AHM was in the order of cowpea (13.32 cm) > black gram (13.29 cm) > pigeon pea (13.27 cm) > okra (12.42 cm) > sesame (12.17 cm) > sole mango (11.62 cm) during first phase, whereas moisture retention was observed in the order of turmeric (14.20 cm) > colocasia (14.01 cm) > sole mango (12.60 cm) during second phase. The cowpea–toria crop rotation with mango gave maximum benefit: cost ratio followed by okra–toria under rainfed conditions. Besides economic viability of cowpea–toria with mango, this system had improved tree growth as well as fruit yield of mango. In the second phase, mango + turmeric yielded more benefit than mango + colocasia system. In the first phase, the mango + cowpea–toria system improved organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potash and reduced pH by 49.0, 56.3, 48.6, 58.5 and 11.6 %, respectively as compared to initial values whereas mango + turmeric system increased organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potash and reduction in pH by 51.0, 45.0, 29.7, 29.0 and 3.4 %, respectively over initial values within soil depths of 0–30 cm during second phased. Mango based AHM is recommended for adoption with selective intercrops up to 15 years of age of mango plantation for multiple outputs and good economic viability without impairing site fertility. 相似文献
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Reda Amezrou Sanjaya Gyawali Loubna Belqadi Shiaoman Chao Mustapha Arbaoui Sujan Mamidi Sajid Rehman Avinash Sreedasyam Ramesh Pal Singh Verma 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(1):255-269
Plant breeders are interested in using diverse genotypes in hybridization that can segregate for traits of importance with possibility of selection and genetic gain. Information on molecular and agro-morphological diversity helps the breeders reduce the effort for parental selection and helps the advancement of generations. A phenotypic and molecular diversity study, using 24 traits (agronomic and disease) and 6519 SNPs in a diverse collection of 336 spring barley genotypes, was carried out at Marchouch and Jemma Shiam research stations in Morocco. Based on structure and multivariate analyses, strong differentiation between the two- and six-row types were observed. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay of the current collection (for the combined population) was up to 3.58 cM (r 2 = 0.15) while LD decay were estimated 3.91 and 2.36 cM for two- and six-row barley, respectively. PCA of agro-morphological traits revealed grain per spike, net form of net blotch (NFNB), spot form of net blotch (SFNB), and 1000 kernel weight were the most discriminatory traits in the current collection. Association mapping in the two independent populations will be ideal for identification of markers, and QTL related to traits. The generated information on relatedness between individuals will help identify diverse genotypes for breeding programs. 相似文献
16.
Avinash Talukdar Ashutosh Dharmendra Deo Narrotam Prasad Sahu Parimal Sardar Muhammad Aklakur Vungarala Harikrishna Satya Prakash Nazeema Shamna Prasanta Jana 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2021,27(1):77-90
A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to illustrate the effect of dietary protein levels on the growth and physio‐metabolic responses of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei reared in inland saline water (ISW). Six isoenergetic (15 MJ/kg) and isolipidic (60 g/kg) diets with graded level of crude protein viz., 240 (T240), 260 (T260), 280 (T280), 300 (T300), 320 (T320) and 340 (T340) g/kg diet were formulated. Significantly higher (p < .05) weight gain (%), specific growth rate, with lower food conversion ratio were found in T320 and T340 groups. The protein utilizing efficiency and whole‐body protein content were significantly higher (p < .05) in the T320 group. Trypsin activity increased with the increasing dietary CP level but amylase activity decreased with the increasing dietary CP level. Transaminase enzymes, haemolymph protein and haemocyanin were elevated in T320 and T340 groups. The lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activities were significantly higher (p < .05) in the T240 group. Shrimp of T240 group had the lowest (p < .05) glycogen and total haemocyte count with highest (p < .05) haemolymph glucose and antioxidant enzymes activities than the other groups. Based on the results, feeding 320 g CP/kg is found to be optimum for supporting maximum growth and health status of L. vannamei reared in ISW at 8 g/L salinity. The finding of the present study will help in developing a low‐cost feed for L. vannamei reared in ISW. 相似文献
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印度在 1 992年新城疫严重爆发中得到了教训 ,改变免疫程序看来对鸡群提供了更好的保护。 相似文献
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Kim BH Shenoy AR Kumar P Das R Tiwari S MacMicking JD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6030):717-721
Immune interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is essential for mammalian host defense against intracellular pathogens. IFN-γ induces nearly 2000 host genes, yet few have any assigned function. Here, we examined a complete mouse 65-kilodalton (kD) guanylate-binding protein (Gbp) gene family as part of a 43-member IFN-γ-inducible guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) superfamily in mouse and human genomes. Family-wide loss-of-function analysis found that at least four Gbps--Gbp1, Gbp6, Gbp7, and Gbp10--conferred cell-autonomous immunity to listerial or mycobacterial infection within macrophages and gene-deficient animals. These Gbps solicited host defense proteins, including the phagocyte oxidase, antimicrobial peptides, and autophagy effectors, to kill intracellular bacteria. Thus, specific 65-kD Gbps coordinate a potent oxidative and vesicular trafficking program to protect the host from infection. 相似文献
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Thangaraj K Chaubey G Kivisild T Reddy AG Singh VK Rasalkar AA Singh L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5724):996
The origin of the Andaman "Negrito" and Nicobar "Mongoloid" populations has been ambiguous. Our analyses of complete mitochondrial DNA sequences from Onges and Great Andaman populations revealed two deeply branching clades that share their most recent common ancestor in founder haplogroup M, with lineages spread among India, Africa, East Asia, New Guinea, and Australia. This distribution suggests that these two clades have likely survived in genetic isolation since the initial settlement of the islands during an out-of-Africa migration by anatomically modern humans. In contrast, Nicobarese sequences illustrate a close genetic relationship with populations from Southeast Asia. 相似文献