Comparison between cachaça and rum using pattern recognition methods     

Cardoso DR  Andrade-Sobrinho LG  Leite-Neto AF  Reche RV  Isique WD  Ferreira MM  Lima-Neto BS  Franco DW 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(11):3429-3433

The differentiation between cacha?a and rum using analytical data referred to alcohols (methanol, propanol, isobutanol, and isopentanol), acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, organic acids (octanoic acid, decanoic acid, and dodecanoic acid), metals (Al, Ca, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Na, and Zn), and polyphenols (protocatechuic acid, sinapaldehyde, syringaldehyde, ellagic acid, syringic acid, gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin, vanillic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, coniferaldehyde, coniferyl alcohol, kaempferol, and quercetin) is described. The organic and metal analyte contents were determined in 18 cacha?a and 21 rum samples using chromatographic methods (GC-MS, GC-FID, and HPLC-UV-vis) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, respectively. The analytical data of the above compounds, when treated by principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, and K-nearest neighbor analysis, provide a very good discrimination between the two classes of beverages.  相似文献   

The use of the nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug cis-atracurium in dogs     

Wendy A Adams BSc  BVSc  PhD  Cert VA  MRCVS    Kerry J Robinson BVSc  Cert VA  MRCVS    J Mark Senior BVSc  Cert VA  MRCVS    Ronald S Jones OBE  MVSc  DrMedVet  DVSC  DVA  FIBiol  Dip ACVA  Dip ECVA  FRSA  FRCVS 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2001,28(3):156-160

Objective This clinical trial attempted to evaluate the potency, onset and duration of action of cis‐atracurium in dogs. Animals Twenty dogs aged between 1 and 15 years and weighing between 15 and 85 kg admitted for a variety of elective, surgical procedures under general anaesthesia. Materials and methods Following induction of general anaesthesia, the effects of an intravenous loading dose of cis‐atracurium (0.1 mg kg^?1) were evaluated by counting visual responses to train of four (TOF) nerve stimulation. Incremental doses of 0.02 or 0.04 mg kg^?1 cis‐atracurium were administered when the first of four responses to TOF stimulation was present. Results An initial dose of 0.1 mg kg^?1 eliminated all four TOF responses in 18 out of 20 dogs. The same dose, repeated 10 minutes later in two animals in which blockade was incomplete, abolished all responses. In dogs receiving 0.1 mg kg^?1 cis‐atracurium neuromuscular blockade lasted 27.2 ± 9.3 minutes. Up to six incremental doses were given in individual animals; incremental doses appeared to be noncumulative. No untoward side‐effects were observed with the use of this drug. There was considerable variation between individuals in response to cis‐atracurium. Conclusions Cis‐atracurium is an effective neuromuscular blocking agent in the dog, although its potency varies. Clinical Relevance Further studies are required to determine whether observed differences in potency are related to age, breed or sex. Cis‐atracurium may prove useful in dogs with impaired renal and or hepatic function.  相似文献   

Long-term follow-up of blood lead levels and haematological and biochemical parameters in heifers that survived an accidental lead poisoning episode     

Miranda M  López-Alonso M  García-Partida P  Velasco J  Benedito JL 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2006,53(6):305-310

Four of 10 heifers that survived an episode of lead poisoning caused by an old broken battery in the pasture were periodically monitored from days 14 to 205 after the episode, with the aim of (i) determining the time-course of lead clearance from blood; and (ii) assessing whether the exposed cattle showed changes in haematological parameters or serum markers of hepatic and renal function (e.g. serum creatinine level) that might be useful as indicators of subclinical toxicity. On the first sampling day, lead levels in blood varied between 0.478 and 0.758 mg/l. The half-life of lead in blood was rather variable, ranging from 68 to 266 days. Despite the high blood lead levels, no significant changes were detected in haematological parameters or hepatic/renal markers, all of which remained within normal ranges. In conclusion, these cattle that survived an episode of lead poisoning may constitute a risk for human consumers, but do not appear to have suffered severe health consequences themselves.  相似文献   

Effect of moderate Cu supplementation on serum metabolites, enzymes and redox state in feedlot calves     

Castillo C  Hernández J  García Vaquero M  López Alonso M  Pereira V  Miranda M  Blanco I  Benedito JL 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(1):269-274

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate whether, in the nutritional management of commercial feedlots, copper (Cu) supplementation is justified to maintain the physiological requirements. This study compared beef calves fed concentrates with an average Cu basal content of 5 and 8 mg/kg in growing and finishing periods (10 animals) or supplemented with 15 mg/kg for each phase (20 animals) as regards production indices, metabolic parameters [glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), cholesterol, serum urea nitrogen (SUN), creatinine, total serum protein (TSP), albumin, aspartate transaminase (AST) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT)] and markers of oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species (ROS) and serum antioxidant capacity (SAC)). Data were recorded at ages 12, 24 and 36 weeks. In general, Cu supplementation was neither detrimental nor beneficial for animal health and performance, and the levels of the measured metabolites and enzymes were within their normal ranges stated for feedlot with the same management during the whole study. However, in keeping with reported higher hepatic Cu levels at slaughter, animals on supplemented feed had higher GGT activities at the end of the finishing stage, although the difference was not statistically significant. On the other hand, lower SAC levels at the end of the growing period in the supplemented group suggest the possibility of a positive effect of Cu supplementation on redox state. Further research is necessary to clarify the potential role of Cu in limiting the ROS production associated with fattening diets, and to evaluate the hepatobiliary consequences of supplementation, including hepatic Cu accumulation.  相似文献   

Relationship between teat-end condition, udder cleanliness and bovine subclinical mastitis     

de Pinho Manzi M  Nóbrega DB  Faccioli PY  Troncarelli MZ  Menozzi BD  Langoni H 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(1):430-434

The aims of the present study were to relate intramammary infection (IMI) occurrence and somatic cell count (SCC) with teat-end condition (TEC) and udder cleanliness (UC). Milk samples from 1931 teats were evaluated according to the presence of IMI and SCC. Scores were applied to teats according to the TEC and to UC. Teats ends with a very rough ring had the largest number of IMI when compared to the other three categories, as well as animals with dirtier udders. The change in a TEC score increased by around 30% the chance of IMI. Also, the chance of the animal developing IMI increased by approximately 47% when the UC score increased. No significant association between both scores and quarter SCC was found. It can be concluded that animals with very rough teat end rings and very dirty udders have a greater predisposition to IMI.  相似文献   

Isolation of Treponema hyodysenteriae from a wild rat living on a piggery     

DJ HAMPSON  BG COMBS  SJ HARDERS  ID CONNAUGHTON  VA FAHY 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(9):308-308

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Organic matter pools and nutrient cycling in different coffee production systems in the Brazilian Cerrado     

Eduardo Barros Marinho  Aline Lima de Oliveira  Daniel Basílio Zandonadi  Luiz Eduardo Celino Benedito  Ronessa Bartolomeu de Souza  Cícero Célio de Figueiredo  Jader Galba Busato 《Agroforestry Systems》2014,88(5):767-778

Agroforestry and organic systems have been used to reduce the negative effects that conventional coffee cultivation has on soils. In this work, ¹³C-CPMAS-NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental composition, classical humus fractionation and the soil fertility status were used to evaluate the impact of these three systems on a Latosol from the Brazilian Cerrado. Continuous input of tree residues promoted changes to the soil organic matter with increase in total organic carbon, humic acids (HA) and light organic matter, mainly in the topsoil. Available P and cation exchange capacity were also increased and the acidity status decreased in the agroforestry system. Moreover, HA from the agroforestry were enriched in O-alkyl C, O-di-alkyl C and alkyl C groups and the organic system resulted in HA richer in carboxyl groups. The conventional system resulted in greater aromatic and methoxyl participation, and lower phenol groups. HA from the agroforestry system were richer in easily degradable structures and the chemical fractionation demonstrated a decrease in both recalcitrant fractions, allowing for a more conservative and sustainable management of soil fertility. The modifications were not as evident in the organic system, probably due to the low organic fertilizer input.  相似文献   

Partial Right Ventriculectomy Using the Incised Patch Technique to Treat Double Chambered Right Ventricle and Chylothorax in a Cat     

DANIEL J. BROCKMAN  BVSc Diplomate ACVS & ECVS    KATE E. BORER  BVSc Cert VA  Diplomate ECVA    STEPHEN J. BAINES  MA Vet MB PhD Diplomate ECVS    DEZ HUGHES  BVSc  Diplomate ACVECC    VIRGINIA LUIS FUENTES  MA Vet MB PhD Diplomate ACVIM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(5):631-635

Objective— To report successful surgical treatment of double chambered right ventricle (DCRV) in a cat.
Study Design— Clinical report.
Animals— Cat with DCRV.
Methods— DCRV was diagnosed in a 5-month-old male Maine Coon cat using echocardiography and angiocardiography. At 2 years, despite medical therapy, chylothorax developed. A section of the right ventricular free wall that spanned the fibromuscular obstruction was excised under total venous inflow occlusion (TVIO) using the incised pericardial patch technique.
Results— Short-term recovery was complicated by return of chylothorax but this resolved after thoracocentesis and diuretic therapy. Three years after surgery, the cat is free of clinical signs and no longer on any medical therapy.
Conclusions— Partial right ventriculectomy can be performed under TVIO through an incised pericardial patch.
Clinical Relevance— DCRV in cat can be successfully treated by partial right ventriculectomy performed under TVIO through an incised pericardial patch.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial use in the Australian pig industry: results of a national survey   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

D Jordan  JJ-C Chin  VA Fahy  MD Barton  MG Smith  DJ Trott 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(6):222-229

Objective   To describe how various antimicrobials are used in commercial pig herds in Australia and for what disease conditions.
Procedure   Managers of large pig herds (> 200 sows) across Australia and their veterinarians participated in an internet-based survey in 2006. Questions were asked about herd management, the occurrence of bacterial diseases and the type and frequency of antimicrobial use. An antimicrobial usage index for each herd was derived as a summary of the risk of selection for antimicrobial resistance. Relationships between responses were explored with univariate and multivariate analysis.
Results   Responses were received for 197 herds estimated to represent at least 51% of all large pig herds in Australia. Most piggeries relied on drugs of low importance in human medicine (e.g. tetracyclines, penicillins and sulfonamides). For the two drugs of high importance in human medicine that can be legally prescribed to pigs in Australia, ceftiofur use was reported in 25% of herds and virginiamycin in none. Infections attributed to Lawsonia , Mycoplasma and Escherichia coli motivated the most use of antimicrobials. No useful association was found between management factors and the antimicrobial use index.
Conclusion   Most antimicrobial use in the Australian pig industry is based on drugs of low importance to public health. Enhanced control of E. coli infections without reliance on antimicrobials would further reduce the risk of selecting for antimicrobial resistance relevant to public health. The amount of variation in the usage index between herds suggests that antimicrobial use should be constantly reviewed on a herd by herd basis.  相似文献   

Malignant melanoma in a grey horse: case presentation and review of equine melanoma treatment options     

Lucy VA Metcalfe  Peter J O’Brien  Stratos Papakonstantinou  Stephen D Cahalan  Hester McAllister  Vivienne E Duggan 《Irish veterinary journal》2013,66(1):22

A 15 year-old grey Thoroughbred gelding presented for investigation of chronic weight loss and recent onset of respiratory difficulty. Clinical examination confirmed tachypnoea with increased respiratory effort. Thoracic ultrasound examination detected pleural effusion. The dyspnoea was related to the large volume of pleural effusion and, following post-mortem examination, to the presence of a large mediastinal mass. Multiple pigmented masses, likely melanomas, were detected peri-anally. Thoracic radiography, cytological examination of the pleural fluid and a fine needle aspirate of a thoracic mass led to a presumptive diagnosis of malignant melanoma and this was confirmed at post mortem examination. Further metastatic spread to the central nervous system and right guttural pouch was also identified. In conclusion this case manifests the potential malignant behaviour of equine melanomas, and a review of proposed therapies for melanoma treatment highlights the therapeutic options and current areas of research.  相似文献