Lymphoproliferation in captive wild ruminants affected with malignant catarrhal fever: 25 cases (1977-1985)     

J E Blake  N O Nielsen  W P Heuschele 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,196(7):1141-1143

The severity of lymphoproliferative disease associated with malignant catarrhal fever was extremely variable among 25 animals at the San Diego Wild Animal Park. Severe lymphoproliferative disease was seen in 3 of 10 Formosan Sika deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus), 3 of 6 Indian Axis deer (Cervus a axis), 3 of 6 Barasingha deer (Cervus d duvauceli), and 1 of 3 Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus). Two Sika deer and 2 Barasingha deer had lesions morphologically indistinguishable from lymphosarcoma. Our findings were consistent with the hypothesis that alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 has oncogenic potential.  相似文献   

A kinetic study of the acetylation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin components in wood   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. J. Ramsden  F. S. R. Blake 《Wood Science and Technology》1997,31(1):45-50

The rates of acetylation of Deal, Larch, Southern Yellow Pine and Sitka Spruce using acetic anhydride in xylene have been measured and compared with the composition of the woods. Although these woods have similar macroscopic characteristics, the correlation between rate of acetylation and composition remains unclear, although the holocellulose may play a role in converting the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to hydrophobic acetyl groups. The rate of acetylation of Larch at 373 K was insignificant but the other wood samples showed significant acetylation at this temperature. The activation energies for the acetylation process suggest that several routes may be involved.  相似文献   

Microbial degradation of several acetamide,acylanilide, carbamate,toluidine and urea pesticides     

D.D. Kaufman  J. Blake 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1973,5(3):297-308

Soil enrichment was used to isolate soil microorganisms capable of degrading isopropyl carbanilate (propham), 3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide (propanil), 3′-chloro-2-methyl-p-valerotoluidide (solan), and methyl 3,4-dichlorocarbanilate (swep) in a muck and a silty clay loam. Degradation of the pesticides in enrichment solutions, and by pure cultures of effective microbial isolates was demonstrated by the production of the corresponding aniline, chloride ion liberation and disappearance of the parent compound. Degradation products were identified by gas-liquid and thin-layer chromatography.Organisms isolated include Pseudomonas striata Chester, Achromobacter sp., Aspergillus ustus (Bain) Thorn and Church, A. versicolor (Vuill. Tirabaschi), Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, F. solani (Martius) Appel and Wollenweber, Penicillium chrysogenum Thorn, P. janthinellum Biourge, P. rugulosum Thorn and Trichoderma viride Pers. Each organism demonstrated a unique substrate specificity and was capable of degrading other aniline-based pesticides of the acetamide, acylanilide, carbamate, toluidine and urea classes.  相似文献   

ON THE ORIGIN OF ANCIENT QUARTZ ROCKS     

Blake JF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1894,23(580):141-142

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ORIGIN OF THE DEPRESSION KNOWN AS MONTEZUMA'S WELL,ARIZONA     

Blake WP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1906,24(618):568-569

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"ISORROPIC"     

Blake EM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1928,68(1766):428

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Changes in protein synthesis during drought conditioning in roots of jack pine seedlings (Pinus banksiana Lamb.)     

Mayne MB  Subramanian M  Blake TJ  Coleman JR  Blumwald E 《Tree physiology》1994,14(5):509-519

The impact of drought conditioning on the ability of eight-week-old jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings to withstand drought was assessed. Two progressive cycles of drought conditioning significantly increased the survival of seedlings subjected to a subsequent prolonged drought. The in vivo accumulation of several root membrane proteins during drought conditioning was correlated with an increase in seedling survival. A group of root proteins, ranging in molecular mass from 43 to 47 kDa, increased accumulation during one cycle of drought conditioning and to a lesser extent during two cycles of drought conditioning. The accumulation of several low molecular mass membrane and soluble proteins also increased during drought conditioning, suggesting that these proteins may play an important role in the enhancement of drought tolerance. In vitro translation studies showed a general increase in the abundance of protein products encoded by mRNAs from drought-conditioned seedlings. Although the majority of the in vitro translation products appeared in both control and drought-conditioned seedlings, one mRNA encoding a 15 kDA translated protein was more prominent during the second cycle of drought conditioning.  相似文献   

Habitat mapping in the Caribbean for management and conservation: Use and assessment of aerial photography     

C. R. C. Sheppard  K. Matheson  J. C. Bythell  P. Murphy  C. Blair Myers  B. Blake 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》1995,5(4):277-298

• 1 The nature and distribution of the coastal and shallow marine habitats of Anguilla in the Caribbean were examined using aerial photography coupled with extensive ground truth information.
• 2 The objective was to develop an accurate method of marine habitat mapping for the analysis of the marine ecosystem in order to develop a procedure for marine and coastal resource management.
• 3 This paper describes the method which was adopted as well as the biological results.
• 4 It is concluded that the management and sustainable use of the natural resources may be improved as a result of accurate habitat mapping.

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Diagnosis and management of small-scale fisheries in developing countries   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Neil L Andrew  Christophe Béné  Stephen J Hall  Edward H Allison  Simon Heck  & Blake D Ratner 《Fish and Fisheries》2007,8(3):227-240

Small‐scale fisheries (SSF) make important but undervalued contributions to the economies of some of the world’s poorest countries. They also provide much of the animal protein needed by societies in which food security remains a pressing issue. Assessment and management of these fisheries is usually inadequate or absent and they continue to fall short of their potential as engines for development and social change. In this study, we bring together existing theory and methods to suggest a general scheme for diagnosing and managing SSF. This approach can be adapted to accommodate the diversity of these fisheries in the developing world. Many threats and solutions to the problems that beset SSF come from outside the domain of the fishery. Significant improvements in prospects for fisheries will require major changes in societal priorities and values, with consequent improvements in policy and governance. Changes in development policy and science reflect these imperatives but there remains a need for intra‐sectoral management that builds resilience and reduces vulnerability to those forces beyond the influence of small‐scale fishers.  相似文献   

The physiological tolerance of the grey carpet shark (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Chiloscyllium punctatum</Emphasis>) and the epaulette shark (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hemiscyllium ocellatum</Emphasis>) to anoxic exposure at three seasonal temperatures     

Chapman CA  Harahush BK  Renshaw GM 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2011,37(3):387-399

The epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum) and the grey carpet shark (Chiloscyllium punctatum) are commonly found in periodically hypoxic environments. The ecophysiological time available for these animals to safely exploit these niches during different seasonal temperatures was examined. The time to loss of righting reflex (T _LRR) was examined in response to an open ended anoxic challenge at three seasonal temperatures (23, 25 and 27°C). Ventilation rates were measured in an open ended anoxic challenge at 23°C and during 1.5 h of anoxia followed by 2 h of re-oxygenation at 23 and 25°C. The mean T _LRR of epaulette and grey carpet sharks was inversely proportional to temperature. The T _LRR was similar between species at 23°C; however, grey carpet sharks had significantly reduced T _LRR at higher temperatures. During the standardised anoxic challenge, epaulette sharks entered into ventilatory depression significantly earlier at 25°C. During re-oxygenation, epaulette sharks exposed to anoxia at 23°C had no significant increase in ventilation rates. However, after anoxic challenge and re-oxygenation at 25°C, epaulette sharks showed a significant increase in ventilation rates during re-oxygenation. Grey carpet sharks displayed no evidence of ventilatory depression during anoxia. However, during re-oxygenation, grey carpet sharks had significantly elevated ventilation rates above pre-experimental levels and control animals. These data demonstrate that the anoxia tolerance times of both species were temperature dependent, with a significant reduction in the T _LRR occurring at higher temperatures. Epaulette sharks had a significantly greater T _LRR at higher temperatures than grey carpet sharks, which did not enter into a ventilatory depression.  相似文献