Conjunctivitis caused by Thelazia sp in a Senegal parrot     

D E Brooks  E C Greiner  M T Walsh 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1983,183(11):1305-1306

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Supplementary biotin for sows: effect on claw integrity   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

P H Simmins  P H Brooks 《The Veterinary record》1988,122(18):431-435

Eighty female pigs were fed, from 25 kg liveweight, either basal diets calculated to provide 32 micrograms available biotin/kg (control diet) or basal diets supplemented with 350 micrograms biotin/kg. Their claws were examined and lesions recorded at 170 days of age and when each of their first four litters was weaned. The incidence of horn 'defects' (superficial bruises, abrasions and cuts in the soft heel) remained at a low level throughout the trial. Neither the number of claws affected with lesions nor the number of lesions per sow differed between treatments at 170 days of age. Between 170 days of age and first weaning the incidence of hoof lesions increased greatly. At first weaning and for the remainder of the trial biotin supplemented sows had significantly fewer claw lesions per sow than controls (P less than 0.05 or greater). The predominant injuries to the foot were cracks which occurred mainly in two associated regions, the heel/toe junction and the heel, and the sidewall and adjacent white-line region of the toe. The differences in foot damage did not result in differences in culling rate. It was concluded that supplemention of the diet of breeding sows with biotin from an early stage of development made a significant contribution to the maintenance of their horn integrity.  相似文献   

Evaluation of commercial oral replacement formulas in healthy neonatal calves   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M J Fettman  P A Brooks  K P Burrows  R W Phillips 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1986,188(4):397-401

Effects of 5 commercial oral replacement formulas on hematologic and plasma biochemical values, body weight, and prevalence of diarrhea were studied in healthy neonatal calves. Products were fed according to manufacturers' recommendations beginning at 3 to 7 days of age for 3 days. Whole milk, diluted 1:1 with commercial formulas, was fed for 3 days thereafter. There were no consistently significant (P greater than 0.05) effects of commercial product feeding with time or by treatment, as compared with those in whole milk-fed controls, on the hematologic or biochemical values of PCV, leukocyte count, platelet count, or plasma K, Cl, glucose, and lactic acid concentrations. Plasma Na concentrations decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) with age in all groups. After 2 weeks, milk-fed calves had gained 2.09 +/- 0.96 kg, and calves fed all but 2 hypertonic energy-dense products 1 and 5 had significant (P less than 0.05) weight losses (up to 2.95 +/- 1.34 kg). Transition to a diet of whole milk and commercial product at one half each of their standard doses resulted in a significant (P less than 0.05) occurrence of diarrhea. Seemingly, such formulas should not be fed to healthy calves on a long term basis. The product with the lowest osmolal and caloric content was associated with the greatest weight loss.  相似文献   

Equine amniotic membrane transplantation for corneal ulceration and keratomalacia in three horses   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Lassaline ME  Brooks DE  Ollivier FJ  Komaromy AM  Kallberg ME  Gelatt KN 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2005,8(5):311-317

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Neosporosis in a young dog presenting with dermatitis and neuromuscular signs     

Boyd SP  Barr PA  Brooks HW  Orr JP 《The Journal of small animal practice》2005,46(2):85-88

A 16-week-old, male boxer dog developed multifocal nodular dermatitis followed by rapidly progressive and fatal neuromuscular disease. Protozoal tachyzoites were demonstrated by aspiration and biopsy of dermal lesions. Necropsy and histology revealed necrotising inflammation associated with intralesional protozoal organisms in various organs including the brain, heart, skeletal muscle and skin. Serology suggested active infection with Neospora caninum. Immunohistochemistry provided a definitive diagnosis. Dermatitis is a finding rarely associated with juvenile neosporosis. The possible role of immunosuppression is discussed.  相似文献   

Oxidative and nitrosative responses of the chicken macrophage cell line MQ-NCSU to experimental Salmonella infection     

Withanage GS  Mastroeni P  Brooks HJ  Maskell DJ  McConnell I 《British poultry science》2005,46(3):261-267

Phagocytes limit replication or kill ingested organisms by producing toxic reactive oxygen and nitrogen species via NADPH oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The present experiments were to investigate the production and the possible roles of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) in the MQ-NCSU chicken macrophage cell line infected with Salmonella in vitro. After infection, intracellular Salmonella viable counts remained constant until 24 h post infection (PI) and started to decline from 48 h PI. Infection of cells with S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis and S. Gallinarum, as well as exposure to S. Enteritidis LPS induced low, but significant concentrations of superoxide 1 to 2 h PI, as determined by reduction of ferricytochrome c. There was no difference in superoxide production in infected cells and control cells after 4 h. Increased H2O2 was observed from cells infected with all the different Salmonella species between 2 and 3 h of infection. Nitrite was always greater in infected cells compared to uninfected cells at all times. However, Salmonella was not completely eliminated from the cells though these cells are capable of eliciting a noticeable oxidative burst response and great nitrosative responses, indicating that a strong oxidative burst (and other mechanism/s) is essential for the elimination of intracellular Salmonella.  相似文献   

Molecular discrimination of Campylobacter coli serogroup 20 biotype I (Lior) strains.     

A D Fraser  B W Brooks  M M Garcia  H Lior 《Veterinary microbiology》1992,30(2-3):267-280

Plasmid, protein and restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) profiles and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis were used to effect a molecular discrimination of twenty-seven Campylobacter coli serogroup 20, biotype 1 (Lior) strains. These strains were not outbreak-associated but were isolated from a number of different countries and different animal and environmental sources. Each of the techniques was able to discriminate, to various degrees, between the serogroup 20, biotype 1 strains. The choice of a particular technique depends to a large extent on the level of discrimination desired, the previous experiences of the investigator and on the laboratory facilities at hand. REA profiles demonstrated the greatest degree of discrimination between these strains. Plasmid and protein profiles could discriminate reasonably well. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (allozyme typing) and protein profiles may prove effective in subgrouping serogroup 20, biotype 1 strains.  相似文献   

Water intake of weaned piglets from three to seven weeks old   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

P H Brooks  S J Russell  J L Carpenter 《The Veterinary record》1984,115(20):513-515

One hundred and two large white cross landrace piglets weaned at 21 (+/- 1) days old were randomly allocated to one of two commercial early weaning diets for a four week growth trial. The piglets were housed in groups of between six and 10. After initial moderate restriction the piglets were fed ad libitum. Food intakes and weight gains were recorded weekly. Water consumption of individual pens of piglets was recorded daily. Dietary treatment had no significant effect on mean daily feed intake, daily liveweight gain or food conversion ratio. The relationship between water and food intake, piglet weight and daily gain was examined using regression and multiple regression analyses. Water intake was related to all these parameters, with daily feed intake being the best single predictor of water intake. The relationship was described by the equation: water intake (litres/day) = 0.149 + 3.053 feed intake (kg/day).  相似文献   

Toxicity of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) to adult females of the blowfly Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae)     

Wright C  Brooks A  Wall R 《Pest management science》2004,60(7):639-644

The fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) is a natural component of soil flora world-wide and is a causal agent of the green muscardine diseases of insects. The use of this pathogen as a potential biocontrol agent against adult females of the blowfly, Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) was considered. The blowfly L sericata is an economically important agent of cutaneous myiasis of sheep, particularly in northern Europe. Exposure of flies to suspensions of fungal spores by immersion, topical application or tarsal contact with treated surfaces all resulted in high levels of fatal infection. Spores suspended in silicone oil resulted in higher levels of infection (50-70%) than those formulated in a 0.3 glitre(-1) solution of the detergent Tween 80 (10-20%). Spore concentration had a significant effect on levels of infection of flies, with the highest levels of mortality (64%) resulting from a suspension of 1 x 10(7) conidia ml(-1). The duration of tarsal contact had a significant effect on levels of infection. Mean infection levels of 30% were observed following exposure of free-flying adults to a single spore-treated, 5 x 15 cm2 cloth surface suspended from the roof of a cage (30 cm cube). The implications of the results for the potential use of M anisopliae in the biocontrol of blowflies are discussed.  相似文献   

Morphometric analysis of the corneal endothelium of Yacare caiman (Caiman yacare) using scanning electron microscopy     

Pigatto JA  Andrade MC  Laus JL  Santos JM  Brooks DE  Guedes PM  Barros PS 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2004,7(3):205-208

The objective of this study was to examine the endothelial surface morphology and to perform morphometric analysis of the corneal endothelial cells of Yacare caiman (Caiman yacare) using scanning electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis with regard to polygonality, mean cell area, cell density and coefficient of variation of mean cell area was performed. Cell areas were measured using image analysis software. The normal corneal endothelium of Yacare caiman consisted of polygonal cells of uniform size and shape with interdigitations of the cell borders. Microvilli appeared as protrusions on the cellular surface. The average cell area was 270 +/- 24 microm(2) and the endothelial cell density was 3704 +/- 324 cells/mm(2). The coefficient of variation of cell area was 0.22. This study demonstrates that the Yacare caiman corneal endothelium is similar to those described in other vertebrates.  相似文献