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An SMS based system for surveillance of wheat rust diseases: a pilot initiative in Central Anatolia region in Turkey 
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下载免费PDF全文 F. Dusunceli A. Stocchi C. Scaduto F. Mancini N. Birisik M. Sahin S. Selcuk H. Muminjanov T. Asikoglu Z. Mert K. Akan L. Cetin E. Akdamar H. Dikci 《EPPO Bulletin》2015,45(2):282-287
Rust diseases (Puccinia spp.), namely stripe, leaf and stem rusts, are among the major diseases of wheat. Their management requires integrated approaches including timely surveillance, speedy communication and rapid response. This surveillance system was developed in order to facilitate participation of extension offices (in provinces/districts) in the survey of wheat rust diseases and sharing of information quickly. The SMS based system was tested as a pilot tool in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey connecting 25 districts in 5 provinces through an SMS network during the rust development period (April–July) in 2013. The observations from 268 fields indicated that leaf rust and stem rust development was insignificant in the districts covered, occurring in only 2.3% and 1.9% of the fields respectively. Stripe rust prevalence was higher occurring in 44.8% of the fields. Of the inspected fields 2.5% had infected plant incidences between 15% and 40% requiring control measures. Using the SMS reports received from the extension officers, the system facilitated daily monitoring of rust development and exchange of observations among the relevant institutions, also sending out alert messages to designated authorities as necessary. The study demonstrated that the system can serve as a rapid surveillance and communication tool to facilitate timely decision making and rapid response to prevent wheat rust epidemics. 相似文献
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H. Ibrikci Y. K. Koca M. Cetin E. Karnez G. Balci Koca H. Sagir 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(2):202-214
Management of nitrogen (N) fertilization for economic crop production in water-stressed areas relies heavily on irrigation. The objectives were to determine the depth distribution of mineral N (Nmin) at pre-plant and post-harvest seasons and assess the residual mineral N pool as a potential source of plant-available N for irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) in southern Turkey. Pre-plant and post-harvest composite soil samples were collected randomly from farmer’s fields at 0–30, 30–60 and 60–90 cm depths, respectively, analyzed for nitrate (NO3) and ammonium (NH4) concentrations, and the Nmin values were correlated with corn yields and N uptake. Results showed that substantial amounts of pre-plant (76 to 94 kg Nmin/ha) and post-harvest (70–78 kg Nmin/ha) Nmin accumulation at different soil depths. However, the Nmin did not correlate with crop yields and N uptake. Results suggested that residual Nmin could be the ?basis for recommending N fertilization to support crop production. 相似文献
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Groundwater composition may have a pronounced impact on long-term performance of permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). Here, batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of humic acid (HA) on Cr(VI) removal by pyrite in systems containing cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+. HA was observed to have inhibitory effect on Cr(VI) uptake by pyrite under the experimental conditions studied (e.g., pH 3 to 8). HA sorbed onto pyrite surface and thus (1) competed against Cr(VI) for pyritic surface sites and/or (2) increased electrostatic repulsion between Cr(VI) and pyrite. In systems with HA and Ca2+/Mg2+, the Cr(VI) uptake by pyrite decreased drastically relative to HA alone due to the aggregation of HA with Ca2+/Mg2+. The formation of such HA aggregates/precipitates blocked Cr(VI) ions to reach its binding sites, thereby resulting in a substantial decrease in Cr(VI) uptake. Overall, the results have major implications for proper design and operation of PRBs with pyrite as the reactive material. 相似文献
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The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams is a serious pest on pine trees in southwestern Turkey. The efficacy of a naturally derived insecticide, spinosad, on fourth-fifth instar larvae of T. wilkinsoni was studied under laboratory conditions. The product exhibited strong larvicidal activity and at doses above 5 mg litre(-1) caused > 90% mortality in the fourth-fifth larval stages of the species after 72 h. At 72 h the LD50 and LD90 values were 3.26 and 5.69 mg litre(-1) respectively. The results showed that spinosad is highly effective on T. wilkinsoni larvae. 相似文献
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The effects of probiotic and mannanoligosaccharide on some haematological and immunological parameters in turkeys 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cetin N Güçlü BK Cetin E 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2005,52(6):263-267
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) and probiotic supplementation on haematological and immunological parameters in turkeys. A total of 72, 15-day-old white hybrid converter turkey poults were used in this study. Poults were assigned into three groups, each group consisted of six poults and the trial was repeated four times. The control group was fed a basal diet without supplemented probiotic and MOS, and treatment groups were fed either 1 g/kg MOS or probiotic added diets. At the end of the 15-week treatment period, samples of blood were collected to determine immunological and haematological values. The comparison among the groups showed that both the probiotic and MOS supplementation resulted in significant increases (P < 0.05) in the serum IgG and IgM levels, and significant decreases (P < 0.05) in the peripheral blood T lymphocyte percentage compared with those of the control group. Mean serum IgG level (7.06 g/l) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in poults supplemented with probiotic compared with MOS (6.76 g/l). It was observed that the probiotic supplementation caused statistically significant increases (P < 0.05) in the erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit values, but MOS supplementation did not have a significant effect (P > 0.05) on these parameters. Total leucocyte and differential leucocyte counts were not affected by dietary MOS and probiotic supplementation. These results show that MOS or probiotic may elevate IgG and IgM levels in turkey. The MOS and probiotic that enhance immunoglobulin levels will have a more positive effect on growth performance, production and turkeys' ability to resist disease. 相似文献
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多位点生物杀虫毒素BtA是通过氨基-羧基偶联剂EDC将两种生物毒素[Bacillus thuringiensis（Bt）晶体原毒素和阿维菌素]进行键合反应，形成的具有多个作用位点的生物藕合产物。通过研究小菜蛾（Plutella xylostella L.）对BtA敏感性的消减和恢复，以及不同地域小菜蛾对其敏感性的差异，来初步评估多位点生物杀虫毒素BtA害虫敏感性变化的规律。试验结果表明：小菜蛾室内相对敏感种群对BtA以及它的反应底物Bt伴胞晶体和阿维菌素的敏感性稳定（LC50为0.0004~0.0020mg/ml）。在三种生物杀虫剂的选择压力之下小菜蛾敏感性下降，2代后对BtA抗性比的增长（2.29）显著地低于Bt伴胞晶体(8.35)和阿维菌素(22.5)。小菜蛾田间种群在脱离杀虫剂的选择压力后敏感性会增加，2代后对BtA的敏感性显著地增加了4.7倍，高于对Bt伴胞晶体的1.28倍和对阿维菌素的2.00倍。福建省七个地市小菜蛾表现出敏感性的多态性，对BtA、Bt伴胞晶体和阿维菌素的抗性比分别为1.18~6.85、1.22~23.93和1.58~4.77。聚类分析结果在福建省以中部地区的小菜蛾具有相对较低水平的敏感性。说明多位点生物杀虫毒素BtA有助于延缓抗性的产生、降低抗性和迅速恢复害虫敏感性的作用。 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of oestrus induction protocols on Kilis dairy goats kept on a goat farm situated close to Kilis, Turkey. Eighty goats were assigned randomly into four groups of 20 animals each in a factorial arrangement: (i) untreated control (CON), (ii) melatonin implant (MEL), (iii) CIDR-G (CIDR) and (iv) melatonin implant plus CIDR-G (MC). Experiments were performed in mid-anoestrus season under natural photoperiod environment. The differences among treatment groups in oestrus response were significant. Oestrus response was higher in the MC group than in other groups (p < 0.05). A significant difference was observed in the time interval from cessation of treatment to the onset of oestrus among treatments. The CIDR-G treatment reduced intervals from buck introduction to oestrus. The time to onset of oestrus in both the MC and CIDR groups was significantly shorter, compared with the MEL and CON groups (p < 0.05). The number of does kidding and fertility were not different among treatment groups (p > 0.05). Fecundity was similar among goats in all groups. Prolificacy and twining rates showed similar trends as fecundity rates, with no differences (p > 0.05) between treatments. The results of this study showed that oestrus in Kilis does can be effectively induced by using melatonin and CIDR combined treatment, and fertility will not be adversely affected. However, this treatment did not improve fecundity, prolificacy and twining rates. 相似文献