The Clipping and Pinioning of Wings     

Christine M. Startup 《The Journal of small animal practice》1967,8(7):401-403

  相似文献   

Plasma fentanyl concentrations in awake cats and cats undergoing anesthesia and ovariohysterectomy using transdermal administration   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Egger CM  Glerum LE  Allen SW  Haag M 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(4):229-236

Objective To measure the plasma fentanyl concentrations achieved over time with transdermal fentanyl patches in awake cats and cats undergoing anesthesia and ovariohysterectomy. Study design Randomized prospective experimental study. Animals Twenty‐four purpose‐bred cats. Methods Cats were randomly assigned to three groups for Part I of a larger concurrent study. Group P received only a 25 μg hour^?1 transdermal fentanyl patch. Group P/A received the patch and anesthesia. Group A received only anesthesia. After a minimum 1‐week washout period, the cats were randomly reassigned to two groups for Part II of the larger study. Group P/A/O received the patch, anesthesia and ovariohysterectomy. Group A/O received anesthesia and ovariohysterectomy. Patches were left in place for 72 hours and plasma samples were obtained for fentanyl analysis while the patches were in place, and for 8 hours after patch removal for cats in Group P, P/A, and P/A/O. Results The 25 μg hour^?1 transdermal fentanyl patches were well tolerated by the cats in this study (mean body weight of 3.0 kg) and no overt adverse effects were noted. Mean plasma fentanyl concentrations over time, mean plasma fentanyl concentrations at specific times (8, 25, 49, and 73 hours after patch placement), time to first detectable plasma fentanyl concentration, time to reach maximum plasma fentanyl concentration, maximum plasma fentanyl concentration, mean plasma fentanyl concentration from 8 to 73 hours, elimination half‐life, and total area under concentration (AUC) were not statistically different among the groups. Conclusions Halothane anesthesia and anesthesia/ovariohysterectomy did not significantly alter the plasma fentanyl concentrations achieved or pharmacokinetic parameters measured, when compared with awake cats. There was a high degree of individual variability observed both within and between groups of cats in parameters measured. Clinical significance The high degree of variability observed suggests that careful observation of cats with fentanyl patches in place is required to assess efficacy and any potential adverse effects. Anesthesia and anesthesia/ovariohysterectomy do not appear to alter plasma fentanyl concentrations achieved by placement of a 25 μg hour^?1 transdermal fentanyl patch when compared to cats not undergoing these procedures.  相似文献   

Diagnostic peritoneal lavage for identification of blastomycosis in a dog with peritoneal involvement     

Nielsen C  Olver CS  Schutten MM  Twedt DC 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,223(11):1623-7, 1600

A 6-year-old castrated male Dalmatian was evaluated because of hematemesis. The dog had lived its entire life in South Dakota and Wyoming and had never traveled outside of these states. Results of laboratory testing were compatible with iatrogenic acute renal failure and gastrointestinal tract ulceration secondary to previous nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and corticosteroid administration. Differential diagnoses for clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities that existed prior to these treatments included multisystemic infectious or inflammatory disease and neoplasia. Four-quadrant abdominocentesis did not yield any fluid, but because intra-abdominal disease was still suspected, diagnostic peritoneal lavage was performed. Fluid that was obtained was markedly cellular, and there were numerous extracellular structures with a round to oval shape; a 1-microm-thick, clear-staining capsule; a basophilic interior; and broad-based budding. Organisms were consistent with Blastomyces spp, and fungal culture yielded Blastomyces dermatitidis. Treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and itraconazole was recommended but could not be initiated because of the client's financial constraints. At necropsy, disseminated blastomycosis involving the stomach, small intestines, urinary bladder, omentum, mesentery of the small intestine, and abdominal wall musculature was seen. To our knowledge, peritoneal involvement has not been reported in dogs with blastomycosis, and gastrointestinal tract involvement has only rarely been reported. Findings in this dog suggest that diagnostic peritoneal lavage may be a useful technique in determining the cause of infectious peritonitis when the amount of abdominal fluid is below the limit of detection for abdominocentesis.  相似文献   

FMD control strategies     

Wingfield AS  Middlemiss CH  Eppink L 《The Veterinary record》2003,152(15):479-480

  相似文献   

In vivo cytokine response to experimental feline infectious peritonitis virus infection     

Dean GA  Olivry T  Stanton C  Pedersen NC 《Veterinary microbiology》2003,97(1-2):1-12

  相似文献   

Seasonal interaction of serum vitamin D concentration and bone density in alpacas     

Parker JE  Timm KI  Smith BB  Van Saun RJ  Winters KM  Sukon P  Snow CM 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(7):948-953

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate temporal changes in bone mineral density associated with seasonal variation in serum vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations in alpacas. ANIMALS: 5 healthy mature neutered male alpacas. PROCEDURE: Metacarpal bone mineral density was measured at 4 times during a year. Each time alpacas were weighed, blood was collected for determination of serum calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D concentrations, and samples of feed were analyzed for nutrient content. Vitamin D status was determined by use of an assay that measured serum 25-hydroxycalciferol concentration. Effects of changes in serum vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus concentration and body weight with season on bone mineral density were determined. RESULTS: Bone mineral density, body weight, and serum vitamin D and phosphorus concentrations varied with season. Bone mineral density, serum vitamin D concentration, and body weight also varied among individual alpacas. Serum vitamin D concentration was lower in January than the previous October and increased from May to the following September. The decrease in bone mineral density lagged behind the decrease in serum vitamin D concentration and was lower in May, compared with the previous October. Body weight was lower in May than the previous October or following September. Solar radiation was highest in July and lowest in December. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Seasonal changes in bone mineral density are associated with changes in serum vitamin D concentrations in alpacas. Changes in bone mineral density associated with a decline in serum vitamin D concentration may predispose some alpacas to developing fractures minimal trauma.  相似文献   

Preliminary observations on expression of transforming growth factors beta1 and beta3 in equine full-thickness skin wounds healing normally or with exuberant granulation tissue   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Theoret CL  Barber SM  Moyana TN  Gordon JR 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2002,31(3):266-273

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and -beta3 expression differs between equine limb wounds healing normally and those healing with experimentally induced exuberant granulation tissue (EGT). STUDY DESIGN: Six wounds were created on the lateral aspect of both metacarpi of each horse; one forelimb was untreated, and the other was bandaged to stimulate the development of EGT. Sequential wound biopsies allowed comparison of growth factor expression between the two types of wound. ANIMALS: Four horses (2 to 4 years of age; 350 to 420 kg). METHODS: Wounds were assessed grossly, histologically, and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for TGF-beta1 and -beta3 expression at 12 and 24 hours and 2, 5, 10, and 14 days postoperatively. RESULTS: Bandaged wounds developed EGT. In all wounds, TGF-beta1 peaked early and remained elevated at 14 days. Peak TGF-beta1 concentration was higher in wounds with EGT, but not significantly so. Expression of TGF-beta3 differed from TGF-beta1, with peak TGF-beta3 concentrations being delayed. Concentrations of TGF-beta3 were higher in wounds healing normally, but this difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: During both normal and exuberant wound repair, the expression of TGF-beta1 occurred earlier than TGF-beta3 expression. Wounds healing with EGT tended to have higher concentrations of fibrogenic TGF-beta1 and lower concentrations of antifibrotic TGF-beta3 than wounds healing normally, although these differences were not statistically significant. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study suggests that the production of EGT in bandaged wounds may be related to increased expression of fibrogenic TGF-beta1 and decreased expression of antifibrotic TGF-beta3. Further investigation of the roles of TGF-beta1 and -beta3 may be important in understanding the molecular control of EGT in horses.  相似文献   

Temporal localization of immunoreactive transforming growth factor beta1 in normal equine skin and in full-thickness dermal wounds   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Theoret CL  Barber SM  Gordon JR 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2002,31(3):274-280

OBJECTIVE: To describe the localization of immunoreactive transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 in both normal skin and full-thickness dermal wounds of the limb and the thorax of the horse. STUDY DESIGN: Six full-thickness excisional wounds were created on the lateral aspect of one metacarpal region and on the midthoracic area of each horse. Sequentially collected tissue specimens from wound margins were assessed for TGF-beta1 expression by immunohistochemistry. ANIMALS: Four horses (2 to 4 years of age). METHODS: A neutralizing monoclonal anti-human TGF-beta1 antibody was used to detect the spatial expression of TGF-beta1 protein by immunohistochemical localization in biopsies obtained before wounding and at 12 and 24 hours, and 5, 10, and 14 days. RESULTS: No differences in localization of immunoreactive TGF-beta1 were detected between limb and thorax, for either intact skin or wounds. Unwounded epidermis stained moderately for TGF-beta1 protein throughout all layers, whereas the dermis was relatively devoid of immunoreactivity. During the acute stage of repair, migrating epithelium lost its stain, whereas cells of epidermal appendages remained strongly immunoreactive. The epithelium recovered its TGF-beta1 immunoreactivity during wound remodeling, although cells of the stratum corneum remained negative. Macrophages of the inflammatory exudate had positive cytoplasmic staining that diminished with time. Immunoreactivity of granulation tissue fibroblasts was evident early on and increased throughout the repair process. CONCLUSIONS: TGF-beta1 is constitutively expressed in normal, unwounded equine epithelium. Its expression is upregulated within the skin on injury and is associated with the cells involved in wound repair. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A more precise understanding of the temporal and spatial expression of TGF-beta1 during wound repair in horses should provide the groundwork for possible future manipulations of both normal and aberrant tissue repair.  相似文献   

Fluorouracil as a treatment for corneal papilloma in a Malayan tapir     

Karpinski LG  Miller CL 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2002,5(3):241-243

A 26-year-old, wild caught, male Malayan tapir at the Miami Metrozoo with bilateral corneal papillomas was serially immobilized and given subconjunctival injections of fluorouracil. Over the course of 17 weeks five bilateral injections of 25 mg fluorouracil were given. This treatment caused regression of the corneal lesions as evidenced by decreased lesion diameter, decreased corneal vascularity, increased corneal clarity, and improved visual function. No adverse drug effects were observed.  相似文献   

Parasites of free-ranging small canids and felids in the Bolivian Chaco.     

Christine V Fiorello  Richard G Robbins  Leonardo Maffei  Susan E Wade 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2006,37(2):130-134

Parasite surveys of free-ranging wildlife provide important information for monitoring population health. Between March 2001 and March 2003, we sampled 10 ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), eight Geoffroy's cats (Oncifelis geoffroyi), a jaguarundi (Herpailurus yaguarondi), five pampas foxes (Pseudalopex gymnocercus), and three crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) at three sites in the Bolivian Chaco. The objective of the study was to survey the parasite fauna of these carnivores and compare prevalence of parasites among the sites. The parasite community of these carnivores was diverse, with representatives from eight genera of nematodes, two families of cestodes, two protozoan species, and six arthropod species. Fecal parasites identified from 12 of the 13 felids and five of the six canids examined included Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Ancylostoma tubaeforme, Uncinaria sp., Crenosoma sp., Toxocara cati, Spirurida, Capillaria aerophila, Spirometra sp., Taeniidae, and Cystoisospora sp. Four tick species, Amblyomma parvum, A. tigrinum, A. ovale, and A. cajennense, and two flea species, Pulex irritans and Delostichus phyllotis, were identified. Two crab-eating foxes had serologic evidence of heartworm disease (HWD). Antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii were found in 15 of 26 animals. Although HWD was found only in canids inside the national park, parasite prevalence did not appear to differ among sites, and no evidence was found of parasite spillover from domestic to wild carnivores.  相似文献