An easy,accurate and efficient procedure to create forest fire risk maps using the SEXTANTE plugin Modeler     

Lia Duarte  Ana Cláudia Teododo 《林业研究》2016,27(6):1361-1372

To prevent, detect, and protect against forest fires, forest personnel need to define rules for determining forest fire risk. In Portugal, all municipalities must annually produce forest fire risk(FFR) maps. To produce more reliable FFR maps more easily, we developed an open source model using the Modeler plugin of SEXTANTE in the program QGIS version 2.0 Dufour. The model provides all the maps involved in the FFR model(susceptibility map, hazard map, vulnerability map, economic value map,and potential loss map) and was produced according to Portuguese Forest Authority's(AFN, Autoridade Florestal Nacional) rules for determining the FFR. This model was tested for the Portuguese municipality Santa Maria da Feira, where 40 % of the total municipality area falls in the category ‘‘very high' or ‘‘high' fire risk. The ‘‘very high'fire risk area is mainly classified as broad-leaved forest and has the steepest slopes(15 %). The distance of burned areas to roads was also analyzed; the proportion of burned areas increased with increasing distance to the main roads.In addition, 92.6 % of the ‘‘high' and ‘‘very high' risk zones were located in areas with lower elevation. These results confirmed that forest fire is strongly influenced not only by environmental factors but also by anthropogenic factors. The procedure implemented here was compared with our open source application already available in QGIS and also to the same procedure implemented in GIS proprietary software. Although the results were obviously the same, the model developed here presents several advantages over the other two approaches. Besides being faster,it is easy to change the model parameters according to user needs(i.e., to the rules of different countries), and can be modified and adapted to other variables and other areas to create risk maps for different natural phenomena(e.g.,floods, earthquakes, landslides). The model is easy to use and to create risk and hazard maps rapidly in a free, open source environment that does not require any programming knowledge.  相似文献   

Ocular dimensions,corneal thickness,and corneal curvature in quarter horses with hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia          下载免费PDF全文

Peres R. Badial  Luis Emiliano Cisneros‐Àlvarez  Cláudia Valéria S. Brandão  José Joaquim T. Ranzani  Mayana A.R.V. Tomaz  Vania M. Machado  Alexandre S. Borges 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2015,18(5):385-392

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Effect of a Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor from Phaseolus coccineus on Hypothenemus hampei gut proteinases in vitro     

de Azevedo Pereira R  Valencia-Jiménez A  Magalhães CP  Prates MV  Melo JA  de Lima LM  de Sales MP  Tempel Nakasu EY  da Silva MC  Grossi-de-Sá MF 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(26):10714-10719

The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), is an important devastating coffee pest worldwide. Both trypsin and chymotrypsin enzyme activities from H. hampei larval midgut can be inactivated by proteinaceous enzyme-inhibitors. A serine proteinase inhibitor belonging to the Bowman-Birk class was purified from a wild accession of Phaseolus coccineus L. seeds. The inhibitor (PcBBI1) is a cysteine-rich protein that is heat-stable at alkaline pH. MALDI-TOF/MS analysis showed that PcBBI1 occurs in seeds as a monomer (8689 Da) or dimer (17,378 Da). Using in vitro inhibition assays, it was found that PcBBI1 has a high inhibitory activity against H. hampei trypsin-like enzymes, bovine pancreatic chymotrypsin, and trypsin. According to this, PcBBI1 could be a promising tool to make genetically modified coffee with resistance to coffee berry borer.  相似文献   

Large-scale historical afforestation failure with Pinus cembra in the Swiss Prealps     

Fragnière  Yann  Sonnenwyl  Vincent  Clément  Benoît  Kozlowski  Gregor 《New Forests》2022,53(3):533-553

New Forests - Between the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, large-scale afforestation projects were undertaken in the Swiss Prealps. The Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.), an emblematic...  相似文献   

Litter production and nutrient deposition from native woody species in the Brazilian semi-arid region     

Primo  Anacláudia Alves  Araújo  Maria Diana Melo  Silva  Karla da Fonseca  Silva  Ludmyla Araújo  Pereira  Graziella de Andrade Carvalho  Fernandes  Francisco Éden Paiva  Pompeu  Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco  Natale  William  de Souza  Henrique Antunes 《Agroforestry Systems》2021,95(8):1459-1464

Agroforestry Systems - The use of native trees in agroecosystems is a promising way to increase litter deposition and nutrient cycling and foster the recovery of degraded areas, especially in...  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal distribution of floral resources in a Brazilian city: Implications for the maintenance of pollinators,especially bees     

Kátia Paula Aleixo  Letícia Biral de Faria  Milton Groppo  Maurício Meirelles do Nascimento Castro  Cláudia Inês da Silva 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2014,13(4):689-696

Cities provide resources for the animals that live in them or their surroundings. There has been an increase in the number of ecological studies in urban areas, including interactions between plants and bees. Bees are pollinators that provide a vital ecosystem service to crops and wild plants. We assessed plant community structure in the campus of Universidade de São Paulo in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, included in the neotropical Atlantic Forest biome, focusing on floristic composition, pollination syndromes, flowering phenology, and spatiotemporal distribution of floral resources for bees. Currently, the city is surrounded by sugar cane plantations. Once a month, from April 2011 to March 2012, we sampled plant species and individuals in bloom in an area with 500 m radius from the bee-rearing facilities of Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), totaling 78 hectares. We sampled 289 plant species of 73 families; Leguminosae was the richest family. Plants pollinated by bees predominated (67%), followed by plants pollinated by hummingbirds (18%). Melittophilous species flowered throughout the year and, hence, food availability for bees was continuous. The flowering of plant individuals that provided pollen, nectar, and floral oil was seasonal in all vegetation (except for nectar in shrubs), with peaks in resource availability in the transition from the dry to the rainy season, and also in the rainy season. Our results show that the campus is able to maintain bee populations amid a monoculture matrix, acting as a refuge. In addition, it provides a list of several attractive native plants to different pollinator groups, coupled with a phenogram, that can be used in the design and planning of urban areas.  相似文献   

Host/parasite relationship in the in vitro infection of rat gliocytes by Neospora caninum: evaluation of cell respiration     

Pinheiro AM  Santos CV  Costa Mde F  Rodrigues LE 《Research in veterinary science》2007,83(1):27-29

Neospora caninum is a protozoon that causes abortion in cattle and neuromuscular lesions in dogs, with the formation of cysts mainly in the central nervous system. Since N. caninum is an intracellular parasite with tropism for the cells of nervous system, this study evaluated the respiratory metabolism of glial cells infected by this* parasite. Glial cultures obtained from the cerebral cortex of newborn rats were kept in DMEM enriched with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1 mM pyruvic acid and 2 mM of L-glutamine. They were infected at a ratio of approximately 1:1 (cell/parasite). Oxygen consumption was evaluated by polarography in the non infected and N. caninum infected groups, 24 and 72 h following infection. Glial cell respiration after 24 and 72 h was 307.2 +/- 34.7 and 308.9 +/- 64.1 microL of oxygen per mug of total protein per minute, and 566.2 +/- 54.6 and 579 +/- 117.5 microL O2/microg of total protein/minute in the control and infected groups, respectively. These results show that N. caninum does not interfere with glial respiration in vitro.  相似文献   

Selection strategy in families of energy cane based on biomass production and quality traits     

Luís Cláudio Inácio da Silveira  Bruno Portela Brasileiro  Volmir Kist  Heroldo Weber  Edelclaiton Daros  Luiz Alexandre Peternelli  Márcio Henrique Pereira Barbosa 《Euphytica》2015,204(2):443-455

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Genetic-diversity assessed by microsatellites in tropical maize populations submitted to a high-intensity reciprocal recurrent selection     

Luciana Rossini Pinto  Maria Lucia Carneiro Vieira  Cláudio Lopes de Souza Jr  Anete Pereira de Souza 《Euphytica》2003,134(3):277-286

BR-105 and BR-106 are important tropical maize populations, which were submitted to a high-intensity reciprocal recurrent selection, generating the IG-3 and IG-4synthetics. Using 30-microsatellite loci,we measured and compared the genetic diversity of these populations and their synthetics. The populations did not differ significantly regarding the amount of genetic diversity. As a consequence of selection, genetic variability losses, in terms of mean number of alleles per locus,proportion of polymorphic loci, and gene diversity did occur and were greater in the synthetic IG-3 than IG-4. In the synthetics, the number of loci in adherence to Hardy-Weinberg proportions was superior to that observed in the populations. The Wright's mean fixation index was higher than the mean value expected for outcrossing species (5%) indicating as light excess of homozygotic individuals in both populations. The genetic distances confirmed the favourable effects of one cycle of recurrent selection, as the synthetics became more isolated in comparison to the original populations. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Management, breeding, and health records from a captive colony of pekin robins (Leiothrix lutea), 2001 - 2010     

da Cruz CE  de Oliveira LG  Boabaid FM  Zimermann FC  Stein G  Marks F  Cerva C  Lieberknecht C  Canal CW  Driemeier D 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2011,42(3):451-459

Pekin robins (Leiothrix lutea) were once the most widely kept softbills in captivity. As a result of the Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES-1997), the worldwide trade of wild-caught pekin robins has been prohibited due to the depletion of native populations of this species. In Brazil, as in other countries, pekin robins imported prior to the enactment of the CITES have disappeared from aviaries because the end of the birds' natural life span has passed, and only very few captive-bred pekin robins now exist. While captive propagation fails to address the primary causes of wild bird population decline, it might help the recovery of populations of this species. This article presents records made over a 10-yr period of a captive colony of pekin robins. Emphasis is placed on the management of the flock, the ailments affecting the birds, and the findings associated with bird losses. The main causes of bird losses included rearing management failures and age-related disorders.  相似文献