Preventive medicine in feedlot practice.     

G E Cope 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1979,174(4):394-395

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Challenge differentially affects cytokine production and metabolic status of growing and finishing swine   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Myers MJ  Farrell DE  Baker JD  Cope CV  Evock-Clover CM  Steele NC 《Domestic animal endocrinology》1999,17(4):342-360

Growing (35 kg body weight) and finishing (85 kg body weight) swine challenged with endotoxin (Escherichia coli O55:B5) at a dose of either 2 or 20 microg/kg produced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha in a dose-response relationship as measured by bioassay. Peak TNFalpha plasma levels were observed 1-2 hr post-challenge, returning to basal values 4 hr post-challenge. However, both an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for swine TNFalpha and total human TNFalpha demonstrated no dose-response relationship; peak plasma levels of immunoreactive TNFalpha were also observed 1-2 hr post-challenge. Maximal plasma interleukin-6 levels occurred 1-2 hr post-challenge and remained elevated through 8 hr post-challenge; there was no effect of lipopolysaccharide dose or metabolic status. Although the metabolic status of the animals also affected glucose levels, with growing animals exhibiting greater sensitivity compared with finishing animals, endotoxin-induced decreases in blood glucose levels were primarily dose-dependent. In contrast, changes in plasma urea nitrogen and free fatty acid (FFA) levels were strictly related to the metabolic status. Urea nitrogen levels were unchanged in growing swine, whereas they were increased in finishing swine and remained elevated 24 hr post-challenge. FFA levels in growing and finishing swine increased 3-6 hr post-challenge. FFA levels returned to basal values for finishing swine 24 hr post challenge, but in growing swine remained elevated 24 hr post-challenge. Plasma aspartate transaminase levels were increased through 24 hr post-challenge; animals given a dose of 20 microg/kg exhibited the greatest increase. Similarly, swine challenged with a dose of 20 microg/kg also exhibited the greatest increase in levels of conjugated bilirubin; there was no effect on unconjugated (free) bilirubin. These results demonstrate that endotoxin challenge of swine result in a pattern of changes that are dependent on both the dose of endotoxin used and the metabolic status of the animal examined.  相似文献   

PROFESSOR BROOKS ON CONSCIOUSNESS AND VOLITION     

Cope ED 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1895,2(42):521-522

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A porous-matrix sensor to measure the matric potential of soil water in the field   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

W. R. Whalley    L. J. Clark    W. A. Take    N. R. A. Bird    P. K. Leech    R. E. Cope  & C. W. Watts 《European Journal of Soil Science》2007,58(1):18-25

The matric potential of soil water is probably the most useful assessment of soil water status. However, the water‐filled tensiometer (the benchmark instrument for measuring matric potential) typically only operates in the range 0 to ?85 kPa. In this paper, we report the development of a porous‐matrix sensor to measure matric potential in the approximate range ?50 to ?300 kPa. The sensor uses a dielectric probe to measure the water content of a ceramic material with known water retention characteristics. The calculation of matric potential takes into account hysteresis through the application of an appropriate model to measured wetting and drying loops. It is important that this model uses closed, rather than open, scanning loops. The calibrated sensors were tested in the field and the output compared with data from water‐filled tensiometers and dielectric measurements of soil water content. These comparisons indicated that conventional tensiometers gave stable but false readings of matric potential when soil dried to matric potentials more negative than ?80 kPa. The porous‐matrix sensors appeared to give reliable readings of matric potential in soil down to ?300 kPa and also responded appropriately to repeated wetting and drying. This porous‐matrix sensor has considerable potential to help understand plant responses to drying soil.  相似文献   

HORACE CLARK RICHARDS     

Summers RD  Rowland TS  Eckhardt EA  Duncan RC  Cope TD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1945,102(2643):189-190

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SECTION ON PHYSICS (B) AND AFFILIATED SOCIETIES     

Barton HA  Cope TD  Brooks CF  White MW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1940,91(2353):106-108

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Promotion of NEDD-CUL1 conjugate cleavage by COP9 signalosome     

Lyapina S  Cope G  Shevchenko A  Serino G  Tsuge T  Zhou C  Wolf DA  Wei N  Shevchenko A  Deshaies RJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,292(5520):1382-1385

SCF ubiquitin ligases control various processes by marking regulatory proteins for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. To illuminate how SCF complexes are regulated, we sought proteins that interact with the human SCF component CUL1. The COP9 signalosome (CSN), a suppressor of plant photomorphogenesis, associated with multiple cullins and promoted cleavage of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe CUL1 in vivo and in vitro. Multiple NEDD8-modified proteins uniquely accumulated in CSN-deficient S. pombe cells. We propose that the broad spectrum of activities previously attributed to CSN subunits--including repression of photomorphogenesis, activation of JUN, and activation of p27 nuclear export--underscores the importance of dynamic cycles of NEDD8 attachment and removal in biological regulation.  相似文献   

First detection of gas bubble disease and Rickettsia‐like organisms in Paphies ventricosa,a New Zealand surf clam          下载免费PDF全文

P M Ross  A Pande  J B Jones  J Cope  G Flowers 《Journal of fish diseases》2018,41(1):187-190

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Effects of Cadmium-Spiked Sediment on Cadmium Accumulation and Bioturbation by Nymphs of the Burrowing Mayfly Hexagenia bilineata     

Bartsch  Michelle R.  Cope  W. Gregory  Rada  Ronald G. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1999,109(1-4):277-292

We assessed accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and bioturbation by nymphs of the burrowing mayfly Hexagenia bilineata as indicators of exposure to Cd-spiked sediment in a 21-d test. Surficial sediments (top 5 cm) from Pool 7 of the Upper Mississippi River were spiked with Cd to concentrations of 3, 7, and 15 μg Cd g^-1 dry weight. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three Cd-spiked sediment treatments plus an unspiked sediment control (1 μg Cd g^-1 dry weight), and 10 nymphs in each of six replicates per treatment. Nymphs accumulated Cd during the 21-d exposure; mean concentrations varied from 0.22 to 6.24 μg g^-1 dry weight, and tissue concentrations were correlated with Cd concentration in unfiltered test water (r = 0.93, P <0.01) and test sediment (r = 0.93, P <0.01). The effect of Cd on bioturbation by nymphs, as indicated by turbidity, differed significantly among treatments (P = 0.045) and over time within treatments (P = 0.01). Turbidity progressively decreased as Cd concentration in the sediment increased, up to 7 μg g^-1; however, turbidity in the 15 μg g^-1 treatment (our greatest exposure concentration) did not differ significantly from the control. Concentrations of Cd in unfiltered, overlying test water increased significantly within treatments during the test, indicating that nymphs mobilized sediment-associated Cd into the overlying water, presumably through burrowing and respiratory activities.  相似文献