Impact of an experimental PRRSV and Streptococcus suis coinfection on the pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur hydrochloride after intramuscular injection in pigs          下载免费PDF全文

D. N. Day  J. W. Sparks  L. A. Karriker  K. J. Stalder  L. W. Wulf  J. Zhang  J. M. Kinyon  M. L. Stock  R. Gehring  C. Wang  J. Ellingson  J. F. Coetzee 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2015,38(5):475-481

This study determined the impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Streptococcus suis coinfection on the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of ceftiofur hydrochloride in pigs after intramuscular (i.m.) injection. Eighteen clinically normal crossbred gilts were assigned by weight into a challenge group (10 pigs) and control group (eight pigs). Pigs in both groups received a single i.m. injection of ceftiofur hydrochloride (Excenel RTU Sterile Suspension; Zoetis) at a 5 mg/kg BW dose. Serial blood samples were collected to characterize the plasma concentration curve. After a 10 days drug washout period, the challenge group was inoculated with 2 mL of PRRSV isolate VR‐2385 (10^5.75 50% tissue culture infective doses per mL) intranasally and 8 days later inoculated S. suis. When clinical disease was evident, the second PK assessment began in both challenge and control groups. Coinfected pigs demonstrated lower values of AUC and C_MAX, but higher values of Cl/F and Vz/F indicating drug kinetics were altered by infection. The data from this study have implications on ceftiofur treatment regimens in diseased pigs.  相似文献   

Recommendations on vaccination for Asian small animal practitioners: a report of the WSAVA Vaccination Guidelines Group          下载免费PDF全文

M. J. Day  U. Karkare  R. D. Schultz  R. Squires  H. Tsujimoto 《The Journal of small animal practice》2015,56(2):77-95

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Measurement of IL‐12 (p40, p35), IL‐23p19, and IFN‐γ mRNA in Duodenal Biopsies of Cats with Inflammatory Enteropathy     

N.E. Waly  I.R. Peters  M.J. Day  C.R. Stokes  M. Bailey  T.J. Gruffydd‐Jones 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(1):42-47

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Prevalence,Serovars and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonella spp. from Wild and Domestic Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana) in Grenada,West Indies     

W. R. B. Sylvester  V. Amadi  R. Pinckney  C. N. L. Macpherson  J. S. McKibben  R. Bruhl‐Day  R. Johnson  H. Hariharan 《Zoonoses and public health》2014,61(6):436-441

Cloacal swabs from 62 green iguanas (Iguana iguana), including 47 wild and 15 domestic ones from five parishes of Grenada, were sampled during a 4‐month period of January to April 2013 and examined by enrichment and selective culture for the presence of Salmonella spp. Fifty‐five per cent of the animals were positive, and eight serovars of Salmonella were isolated. The most common serovar was Rubislaw (58.8%), a serovar found recently in many cane toads in Grenada, followed by Oranienburg (14.7%), a serovar that has been causing serious human disease outbreaks in Japan. Serovar IV:48:g,z₅₁:‐ (formerly, S. Marina) highly invasive and known for serious infections in children in the United States, constituted 11.8% of the isolates, all of them being from domestic green iguanas. Salmonella Newport, a serovar recently found in a blue land crab in Grenada, comprised 11.8% of the isolates from the green iguanas. The remaining four less frequent serovars included S. Javiana and S. Glostrup. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests conducted by a disc diffusion method against amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole showed that drug resistance is minimal, with intermediate susceptibility, mainly to streptomycin, tetracycline and cefotaxime. This is the first report of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibilities of various Salmonella serovars from wild and domestic green iguanas in Grenada, West Indies.  相似文献   

Australian sperm whales from different whaling stocks belong to the same population     

Joanna Day  David Power  Rosemary Gales  John Bannister  Maxine P. Piggott  Kerstin Bilgmann  Robert Harcourt  Luciano B. Beheregaray  Luciana M. Möller 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(6):1452-1465

1. Understanding the factors driving population structure in marine mammals is needed to evaluate the impacts of previous exploitation, current anthropogenic threats, conservation status, and success of population recovery efforts.
2. Sperm whales are characterized by a worldwide distribution, low genetic diversity, complex patterns of social and genetic structure that differ significantly within and between ocean basins, and a long history of being commercially whaled. In Australia, sperm whales from the (International Whaling Commission assigned) southern hemisphere ‘Division 5’ stock were very heavily exploited by whaling.
3. The present study assessed the potential effects of whaling on the genetic diversity of sperm whales in Australia and the population genetic structure of these whales within a global context. A combination of historical and contemporary sperm whale samples (n = 157) were analysed across six regions, from south-eastern Australia (‘Division 6’ stock in the Pacific Ocean) to south-western Australia (‘Division 5’ stock in the Indian Ocean).
4. Sperm whales sampled from the ‘Division 5’ and ‘Division 6’ stocks belong to the same population based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analyses. Four novel sperm whale mtDNA haplotypes were identified in animals from Australian waters. Levels of genetic diversity were low in Australian sperm whales but were similar to those previously reported for populations in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
5. Given the genetic distinctiveness of sperm whales in Australian waters from other regions in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and the lack of recovery in population numbers, further scientific studies are needed to increase our understanding of population dynamics and the effectiveness of threat management strategies in this species.

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Induced termination of the calving season in a large dairy herd.     

A M Day 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1979,27(3):22-29

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Effect of hydrodynamic dispersion on phosphatase reactions in a soil column     

W.H. Brams  P.R. Day  A.D. Mclaren 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1975,7(3):223-225

Columns of artificially-prepared soil crumbs were perfused with solutions of p-nitrophenyl phosphate and rates of hydrolysis of this substrate as catalyzed by soil phosphatase were measured. Hydrolysis proceeded by a zero-order or by a first-order reaction at high and low concentrations of substrate, respectively. Steady-state concentrations of substrate and products from the columns can be described essentially in terms of plug flow kinetics with but minor corrections for hydrodynamic dispersion. Values of the zero and first-order rate constants corrected for dispersion are 3 and 9 per cent greater, respectively, than those assuming plug flow kinetics. The apparent value of the first-order rate constant is about 70 percent higher than the true value because of electrostatic repulsion between the negatively-charged substrate and the soil particles.  相似文献   

Effects of Superior Check Desmotomy on Flexor Tendon and Suspensory Ligament Strain in Equine Cadaver Limbs     

Guy R. Alexander  BVSc  Cert VR    Katherine T. Gibson  BVSc  MS  Diplomate ACVS    Robert E. Day  MBiomedEng  BEng  CPEng    Ian D. Robertson  BVSc  PhD  MACVSc 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2001,30(6):522-527

OBJECTIVE: To measure the effects of transection of the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor (SDF) muscle (superior check desmotomy) on flexor tendon and suspensory ligament (SL) strain in vitro. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro experimental biomechanical investigation. ANIMALS USED: Ten equine cadaver forelimbs. METHODS: The effects of superior check desmotomy were determined using equine cadaver forelimbs secured in a servocontrolled hydraulic testing machine. Strain sensors were used to measure strain on the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons and SL, and a goniometer was used to measure joint angles when the limb was loaded at 890 N and 3,115 N before desmotomy, and at 3,115 N after desmotomy. RESULTS: Superior check desmotomy was associated with significantly increased strains on the SDF tendon and SL, and significant alterations in the angles of the metacarpophalangeal and carpal joints. CONCLUSIONS: The superior check ligament has an important role in maintaining joint angles and load distribution in the forelimb. Lengthening of the SDF musculotendinous unit after superior check desmotomy may be associated with increased strain on the SL. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Transection of the accessory ligament of the SDF muscle may predispose horses to SL desmitis postoperatively.  相似文献   

Canine influenza virus: cross-species transmission from horses     

Newton R  Cooke A  Elton D  Bryant N  Rash A  Bowman S  Blunden T  Miller J  Hammond TA  Camm I  Day M 《The Veterinary record》2007,161(4):142-143

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Influence of premature induction of a luteinizing hormone surge with gonadotropin-releasing hormone on ovulation, luteal function, and fertility in cattle     

Mussard ML  Burke CR  Behlke EJ  Gasser CL  Day ML 《Journal of animal science》2007,85(4):937-943

We tested the hypothesis that luteal function and fertility would be reduced in cattle induced to ovulate prematurely compared with those ovulating spontaneously. Estrus was synchronized in 56 beef cows (24 that were nonlactating and 32 that were nursing calves). At 6.4 +/- 0.1 d after estrus, all follicles > or = 5 mm were aspirated (day of aspiration = d 0) with a 17-gauge needle using the ultrasound-guided transvaginal approach. On d 1.5 and 2, cows were administered 2 luteolytic doses of PGF2alpha. Ovarian structures were monitored by transrectal ultrasonography from d -2 to 12, or ovulation. Emergence of a new follicular wave occurred on d 1.7 +/- 0.1. When the largest follicle of the newly emerged wave was 10 mm in diameter (d 4.8 +/- 0.1), cows were assigned on an alternating basis to receive 100 microg of GnRH (GnRH-10; n = 29) to induce ovulation or, upon detection of spontaneous estrus, to the spontaneous (SPON) treatment (n = 24). Cows were bred by AI at 12 h after GnRH (GnRH-10) or 12 h after the onset of estrus (SPON) as detected using an electronic surveillance system. Blood samples were collected every other day beginning 2 d after ovulation until pregnancy diagnosis 30 d after AI. Ovulation and AI occurred in 29/29 cows in the GnRH-10 and in 24/24 cows in the SPON treatment. Ovulation occurred later (P < 0.05) in the SPON (d 7.7 +/- 0.1) than GnRH-10 (d 6.8 +/- 0.1) treatment. Double ovulations were detected in 47% of cows, resulting in 1.5 +/- 0.1 ovulations per cow. Diameters of the ovulatory and the second ovulatory (in cows with 2 ovulations) follicles were greater (P < 0.05) in the SPON (12.0 +/- 0.3 mm and 10.5 +/- 0.4 mm, respectively) than in the GnRH-10 (10.7 +/- 0.1 mm and 9.2 +/- 0.3 mm) treatment. Cross-sectional areas of luteal tissue and plasma concentrations of progesterone during the midluteal phase were greater (P < 0.05) in the SPON (3.62 +/- 0.2 cm2 and 6.4 +/- 0.3 ng/mL) than in the GnRH-10 (3.0 +/- 0.2 cm2 and 5.4 +/- 0.2 ng/mL) treatment. The conception rate to AI in the SPON (100%) treatment was greater (P < 0.05) than in the GnRH-10 (76%) treatment. The animal model used in this study resulted in unusually high conception rates and double ovulations. In conclusion, premature induction of the LH surge reduced the diameter of ovulatory follicle(s), the luteal function, and the conception rate to AI.  相似文献