International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine Consensus Guidelines for On-Site Management and Transport of Patients in Canyoning Incidents     

Giacomo Strapazzon  Oliver Reisten  Fabien Argenone  Ken Zafren  Greg Zen-Ruffinen  Gordon L. Larsen  Inigo Soteras 《The Forestry Chronicle》2018,29(2):252-265

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Sensitivity and permissivity of Cyprinus carpio to cyprinid herpesvirus 3 during the early stages of its development: importance of the epidermal mucus as an innate immune barrier     

Maygane Ronsmans  Maxime Boutier  Krzysztof Rakus  Frédéric Farnir  Daniel Desmecht  Fabien Ectors  Micha?l Vandecan  Fran?ois Lieffrig  Charles Mélard  Alain Vanderplasschen 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1)

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) causes a lethal disease in common and koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). The present study investigated the ability of CyHV-3 to infect common carp during the early stages of its development (from embryos to fingerlings) after inoculation by immersion in water containing the virus. Fish were inoculated at different times after hatching with a pathogenic recombinant CyHV-3 strain expressing luciferase. The sensitivity and permissivity of carp to CyHV-3 were investigated using in vivo bioluminescence imaging. The susceptibility of carp to CyHV-3 disease was investigated by measuring the survival rate. Carp were sensitive and permissive to CyHV-3 infection and susceptible to CyHV-3 disease at all stages of development, but the sensitivity of the two early developmental stages (embryo and larval stages) was limited compared to later stages. The lower sensitivity observed for the early developmental stages was due to stronger inhibition of viral entry into the host by epidermal mucus. In addition, independent of the developmental stage at which inoculation was performed, the localization of light emission suggested that the skin is the portal of CyHV-3 entry. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrate that carp are sensitive and permissive to CyHV-3 at all stages of development and confirm that the skin is the major portal of entry after inoculation by immersion in infectious water. The results also stress the role of epidermal mucus as an innate immune barrier against pathogens even and especially at the early stages of development.  相似文献   

Assessment of the Probiotic Potential of a Dairy Product Fermented by Propionibacterium freudenreichii in Piglets     

FJ Cousin  B Foligné  SM Deutsch  S Massart  S Parayre  YL Loir  G Boudry  G Jan 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(32):7917-7927

Dairy propionibacteria, including Propionibacterium freudenreichii , display promising probiotic properties, including immunomodulation. These properties are highly strain-dependent and rarely studied in a fermented dairy product. We screened 10 strains, grown in a newly developed fermented milk ultrafiltrate, for immunomodulatory properties in vitro. The most anti-inflammatory strain, P. freudenreichii BIA129, was further tested on piglets. P. freudenreichii -fermented product improved food intake and growth of piglets. Colonic mucosa explants of treated pigs secreted less interleukin 8 (-25%, P < 0.05) and tumor necrosis factor α (-20%, P < 0.05), either in basal conditions or after a lipopolysaccharide challenge. By contrast, the gut structure, barrier function (measured ex vivo in Ussing chambers), microbial diversity (assessed by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing), and colonic short-chain fatty acid content were unchanged, assuming maintenance of normal intestinal physiology. In conclusion, this work confirms in vivo probiotic properties of dairy propionibacteria-fermented products, which are promising for the prevention or healing of inflammatory bowel diseases.  相似文献   

Assessing the impacts of tourism on the world's largest fish Rhincodon typus at Panaon Island,Southern Leyte,Philippines          下载免费PDF全文

Gonzalo Araujo  Fabien Vivier  Jessica June Labaja  Daniel Hartley  Alessandro Ponzo 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(5):986-994