The detection of subclinical mastitis in the bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) by somatic cell count and California mastitis test     

O. A. Sh. Abdurahman 《Veterinary research communications》1996,20(1):9-14

Milk samples (n=160) from 7 clinically healthy bactrian camels were cultured to detect subclinical udder infection. The samples were assessed by the Californian mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC). Bacteria were recovered from 36 (22.5%) of the milk samples. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the main organisms found.Infected quarters had significantly higher mean values for the SCC (p<0.01) and CMT (p<0.001) than non-infected quarters. All 7 camels were infected with CNS but only 4 with S. aureus. CMT values for S. aureus-infected camels were significantly higher than for those only infected with CNS. The values for SCC and CMT were significantly influenced by the stage of lactation (p<0.05). No significant difference was found from the effect of the quarters. Both SCC and CMT were of value in predicting the infection status of the udder.Abbreviations CMT California mastitis test - SCC somatic cell count - CNS coagulase-negative staphylococci  相似文献   

Comparison of the Value of Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis,Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and Amplified rDNA Restriction Analysis for Subtyping Taylorella equigenitalis     

Kagawa  S.  Moore  J.E.  Murayama  O.  Matsuda  M. 《Veterinary research communications》2001,25(4):261-269

Eight strains of Taylorella equigenitalis were identified by a polymerase chain reaction using a primer pair specific to the 16S rDNA of T equigenitalis. These eight strains were chosen because they had previously been shown to represent eight distinct genotypes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis after separate digestion of the genomic DNA with ApaI or NotI. The eight strains could be classified into six or seven types by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis using different kinds of primers. Amplified rDNA restriction analysis after separate digestion with five restriction enzymes, including AluI and MboI, of the 1,500 bp fragments of rDNA amplified by polymerase chain reaction did not discriminate the genomic variations among the eight strains of T equigenitalis. Thus, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was shown to discriminate these eight organisms better than random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, while amplified rDNA restriction analysis was found to be unsuitable for subtyping T equigenitalis.  相似文献   

Aspartic Proteinase Members Secreted by the Ruminant Placenta: Specificity of Three Radioimmunoassay Systems for the Measurement of Pregnancy-associated Glycoproteins   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZS Perényi  O Szenci  PV Drion  H Banga-Mboko  NM Sousa  B El Amiri  JF Beckers 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2002,37(6):324-329

Pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins (PAGs) isolated from the placenta of various ruminant species are enzymatically inactive members of the aspartic proteinase family. The measurement of these proteins in the maternal blood can be a good indicator of the presence of a live embryo. As certain aspartic proteinases are present in biological fluids in physiological and pathological conditions at various concentrations, it was necessary to determine the specificity of three radioimmunoassay (RIA) systems currently used for the detection of PAG molecules. Commercially available members of the aspartic proteinase family like pepsinogen, pepsin, chymosin, rennet, cathepsin D and renin were tested in a wide concentration range (10 ng/ml – 1 mg/ml). Pepsinogen cross‐reacted in RIA 1, RIA 2 and RIA 3 over 1 mg/ml, 50 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml concentrations, respectively. In the presence of pepsin, cross‐reaction was observed in RIA 1, RIA 2 and RIA 3 over 1 mg/ml, 500 μg/ml and 1 mg/ml concentrations, respectively. Chymosin and rennet could cross‐react in RIA 2 and RIA 3, while renin and cathepsin D did not decrease the binding of the tracer to antisera more, than that of the minimal detection limit. As the plasma/serum concentrations of the examined aspartic proteinases reported in the literature were outside the concentration range where cross‐reaction was observed, it can be concluded that these RIA systems were specific for the detection of PAGs in biological fluids.  相似文献   

Growth and Feed Utilization of Captive Wild Subadult Black Sea Bass Centropristis striata Fed Practical Diets in a Recirculating System     

Kimberly A.  Copeland  Wade O.  Watanabe Patrick M.  Carroll 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2002,33(2):97-109

The effects of four practical diets on growth, feed utilization, and body composition of wild‐caught juvenile and subadult black sea bass Centropristis striata (316 ± 113 g =±± SD) were compared for 221 d in a recirculating tank system consisting of 12 2,660‐L tanks. Salinity averaged 33.5 ppt and temperature averaged 20.9 C but vaned from 12 to 27.1 C. Diets differed in crude protein (CP) and crude lipid (CL) as follows: 1) low CP (44.0%), low CL (11.4%) trout diet; 2) low CP (44.8%), high CL (15.0%) trout diet; 3) midlevel CP (47.9%), midlevel CL (12.8%) Bounder diet; and 4) high CP (53.9%), high CL (15.1%) marine finfish diet. Energy: protein ratios (E: P) were 44.6, 45.3, 41.8, and 39.1 W/g. Survival to 221 d on all diets was 100%. Significant (P < 0.05) differences in growth rates were observed among diets. Final weights were higher for midlevel and high CP diets 3 and 4 (1,051 and 1,013 g) than for low CP diet 1 (873 g). Relative growth rate (RGR, % total increase in weight), specific growth rate (SGR, % increase in body weight/d), and daily weight gain (DWG, g/d) were higher for higher CP diets 3 and 4 (RGR = 223 and 221; SGR = 0.53; DWG = 3.28 and 3.16), than for low CP diet 1 (RGR = 181; SGR = 0.47; DWG = 2.54). There were no significant differences between initial and final whole body protein and fiber content among diets. Lipid and gross energy levels significantly increased (P < 0.0001) in all treatments while moisture levels significantly decreased (P < 0.001). Although these differences were not significant, feed conversion ratio (FCR = dry weight fed/wet weight gain) was lower for fish given midlevel CP diet 3 (1.49) and high CP diet 4 (1.52) than for those fed low CP diets 1 and 2 (1.60 and 1.62). Protein efficiency ratios (PER = weight gain/weight protein fed) (1.43 to 1.24), apparent net protein retention (ANPR = weight protein gain/weight protein fed) (20 to 25%), and apparent net energy retention (ANER = energy gain/energy fed) (53.3 to 56.8%) were not significantly different among treatments. The midlevel CP (50%), midlevel CL (12%) diet maximized growth rates and was also significantly less expensive per kg fish weight produced ($1.40) than the high CP diet ($1.94) which produced the second highest growth rates. These results demonstrated that wild‐caught black sea bass can be successfully reared in recirculating tanks from juvenile to marketable sizes with high survival and with good feed conversion and growth on commercially prepared diets with a wide range of protein and lipid levels.  相似文献   

Chemical Properties of Eroded Soil Material     

I. Kisic  F. Basic  O. Nestroy  M. Mesic  A. Butorac 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(5):323-334

In a 5‐year stationary investigation at an experimental station in central Croatia, total amounts of erosional drift were measured on a Stagnic Luvisol on which six tillage methods were used. The chemical properties of the tilled soil and the erosional drift were recorded for each trial method in the same plots. A generally higher soil reaction value, higher organic matter content and larger amounts of available phosphorus and potassium were found in the majority of erosional drifts compared to plot soil. On black fallow, erosional drifts contained significantly larger amounts of organic matter, available phosphorus and potassium than in other treatments. Higher contents of organic matter, phosphorus and potassium were recorded in erosional drifts from spring crop cultivation than in those from cultivation of winter wheat, oil‐seed rape and a consociation of summer barley and soybean. Also, higher losses of organic matter, phosphorus and potassium by erosional drift were recorded for the up/down the slope tillage methods than for no‐tillage and tillage across the slope. This suggests that no‐tillage and tillage across the slope can be recommended for this region, since these tillage methods conserve the soil and substantially reduce water pollution by chemical agents applied in agricultural production.  相似文献   

Distribution of and reproductive isolation among color morphs of a rock-dwelling Lake Victoria cichlid (Haplochromis nyererei)     

O. Seehausen 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》1996,5(4):195-202

Geographical, macro- and microhabitat distribution of and mate recognition among color morphs of a complex of Lake Victoria cichlids was studied. The distribution of most morphs was mutually exclusive but two morphs overlapped extensively and differed only in microhabitat requirements. Coloration differences between them were inherited, and wild fishes were homozygous in this respect. Positive morph assortative female mate choice was demonstrated. Over the largest part of their common geographical range intermediate phenotypes are absent and the two morphs are to be considered two biological species. However, in populations at one end of the range intermediate phenotypes with continuously varying male coloration make up the majority of the individuals. It is suggested that the status of color morphs as phenotypes of one species or as separate biological species is a function of environmental conditions that vary considerably between the localities. The data support the hypothesis that polymorphisms can be a step preceding speciation in cichlid fish.  相似文献   

猪的回肠炎及其控制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jim O Donovan  余春明  徐镔蕊 《中国畜牧兽医》2002,29(4):46-47

猪的增生性回肠病 (回肠炎 )最早在 1 931年被发现 ,但直到约 60年后 ,本病的病原体由爱丁堡大学的 lawson等人命名为 lawsonia intracellu-laris。随后的 1 0年中由于许多特有技术的发展 ,使得人们可进一步研究这种细菌感染的流行病学和它的各种临床表现 -即地方性回肠炎 ( RI)、增生性肠病 ( PE)、坏死性肠炎 ( NE)和急性出血增生性肠病 ( AHPE)。所有疾病的控制方案都是以流行病学为基础的。有关病原体和传播方式的许多问题仍待解决。1　流行病学分子诊断技术可用于整个畜群抽查并可检测它们粪便中的 L intracellularis。西班牙对 7…  相似文献   

Effect of culture system on the nutrition and growth performance of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) fed different diets   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

A.G.J. TACON  J.J. CODY  L.D. CONQUEST  S. DIVAKARAN  I.P. FORSTER  & O.E. DECAMP 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2002,8(2):121-137

Two 8-week feeding trials were conducted with juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) to compare the growth and performance of animals fed a series of experimental and commercial pelleted shrimp and fish feeds and dietary feeding regimes within an indoor running-water culture system and an outdoor zero-water-exchange culture system. The best overall shrimp growth performance was observed for animals fed the experimental shrimp diet and all-day feeding regime under outdoor zero-water-exchange culture conditions. Final body weight and average weekly growth rate under these conditions were 2.8 and 3.4 times greater, respectively, than animals of similar size fed with the same diet under indoor running-water culture conditions. Although direct comparison between indoor and outdoor culture systems is difficult because of the lower indoor water temperatures, and consequently lower mean daily feed intake of animals, it is believed that the higher growth and feed performance of animals reared under outdoor `green-water' culture conditions was primarily due to their ability to obtain additional nutrients from food organisms endogenously produced within the zero-water-exchange culture system. The most promising features of zero-water-exchange culture systems are that they offer increased biosecurity, reduced feed costs and water use for the farmer, and by doing so provide a potential avenue of moving the shrimp culture industry along a path of greater sustainability and environmental compatibility.  相似文献   

VEGETATIVE REGENERATION OF ALFALFA     

Wilson OT 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1915,42(1073):126-127

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INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS ANATOMICALLY CONSIDERED     

Zwick KG  Batson OV 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1928,68(1767):454

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