Evaluation of two probiotics used during farm production of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Crustacea: Decapoda)          下载免费PDF全文

Ramón Franco  Leonardo Martín  Amilcar Arenal  Dayamí Santiesteban  Jorge Sotolongo  Hector Cabrera  Jaime Mejías  George Rodríguez  Angela G Moreno  Eulogio Pimentel  Nestor M Castillo 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(4):1936-1950

This study examined the effects of Bacillus licheniformis strain CIGBC‐232, isolated from the gut of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and having antagonistic activity against Vibrio harveyi, on the immunity and larval quality of L. vannamei at various ontogenetic stages, in two separate experiments: (1) PL2 to PL17 exposed to the strain CIGBC‐232 under laboratory conditions (2) zoea I to PL8 exposed to the strain CIGBC‐232 and EPICIN 3W probiotics under farming conditions. The first experiment showed that phenoloxidase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were improved in animals grown with CIGBC‐232 compared to the untreated control. In tests, the resistance to osmotic stress was also enhanced. During the second experiment, animals treated with CIGBC‐232 exhibited significant (P < 0.05) increases in phenoloxidase activity (30–40% higher in zoea I–II, mysis II–III and PL 2–7) and in the respiratory burst (30% higher from PL 2 to 7) as compared to those animals that received EPICIN 3W. There was no significant difference in the lectins and agglutinins (except in PL1, 6 and 7), in peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, in the resistance to osmotic stress, nor in the survival rate among treatments. CIGBC‐232 treatment was able to reduce, the level of presumptive Vibrio spp. with respect to EPICIN 3W treatment in the tank water as well as in animals. At the end of both experiments, the growth of shrimp, i.e. weight and length was increased by CIGBC‐232 treatment. This study showed the probiotic effect of CIGBC‐232, which appeared to have a better probiotic performance than EPICIN 3W treatment.  相似文献   

The effect of toposequence position on soil properties,hydrology, and yield of rainfed lowland rice in Southeast Asia     

A.A. Boling  T.P. Tuong  H. Suganda  Y. Konboon  D. Harnpichitvitaya  B.A.M. Bouman  D.T. Franco 《Field Crops Research》2008

A large proportion of rainfed lowland rice in Southeast Asia is grown in gently sloping areas along toposequences with differences in elevation of a few meters. These small differences in elevation can lead to differentiation in soil properties and hydrological conditions, which in turn may affect crop performance and yield. It may be appropriate to replace blanket crop management recommendations in rainfed areas with toposequence-specific management recommendations. However, thorough statistical analyses of the relationships between toposequence position and field and crop conditions are lacking. In this paper, we statistically analysed the effect of toposequence position on soil properties, hydrological conditions, yield, and yield increase due to weed control and/or fertilizer management in rainfed areas in four villages in Indonesia and Thailand each in 2000–2002.  相似文献   

Yessotoxins, a group of marine polyether toxins: an overview          下载免费PDF全文

Paz B  Daranas AH  Norte M  Riobó P  Franco JM  Fernández JJ 《Marine drugs》2008,6(2):73-102

Yessotoxin (YTX) is a marine polyether toxin that was first isolated in 1986 from the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis. Subsequently, it was reported that YTX is produced by the dinoflagellates Protoceratium reticulatum, Lingulodinium polyedrum and Gonyaulax spinifera. YTXs have been associated with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) because they are often simultaneously extracted with DSP toxins, and give positive results when tested in the conventional mouse bioassay for DSP toxins. However, recent evidence suggests that YTXs should be excluded from the DSP toxins group, because unlike okadaic acid (OA) and dinophyisistoxin-1 (DTX-1), YTXs do not cause either diarrhea or inhibition of protein phosphatases. In spite of the increasing number of molecular studies focused on the toxicity of YTX, the precise mechanism of action is currently unknown. Since the discovery of YTX, almost forty new analogues isolated from both mussels and dinoflagellates have been characterized by NMR or LC-MS/MS techniques. These studies indicate a wide variability in the profile and the relative abundance of YTXs in both, bivalves and dinoflagellates. This review covers current knowledge on the origin, producer organisms and vectors, chemical structures, metabolism, biosynthetic origin, toxicological properties, potential risks to human health and advances in detection methods of YTXs.  相似文献   

Water economy of Neotropical savanna trees: six paradigms revisited     

Goldstein G  Meinzer FC  Bucci SJ  Scholz FG  Franco AC  Hoffmann WA 《Tree physiology》2008,28(3):395-404

Biologists have long been puzzled by the striking morphological and anatomical characteristics of Neotropical savanna trees which have large scleromorphic leaves, allocate more than half of their total biomass to belowground structures and produce new leaves during the peak of the dry season. Based on results of ongoing interdisciplinary projects in the savannas of central Brazil (cerrado), we reassessed the validity of six paradigms to account for the water economy of savanna vegetation. (1) All savanna woody species are similar in their ability to take up water from deep soil layers where its availability is relatively constant throughout the year. (2) There is no substantial competition between grasses and trees for water resources during the dry season because grasses exclusively explore upper soil layers, whereas trees access water in deeper soil layers. (3) Tree species have access to abundant groundwater, their stomatal control is weak and they tend to transpire freely. (4) Savanna trees experience increased water deficits during the dry season despite their access to deep soil water. (5) Stomatal conductance of savanna species is low at night to prevent nocturnal transpiration, particularly during the dry season. (6) Savanna tree species can be classified into functional groups according to leaf phenology. We evaluated each paradigm and found differences in the patterns of water uptake between deciduous and evergreen tree species, as well as among evergreen tree species, that have implications for regulation of tree water balance. The absence of resource interactions between herbaceous and woody plants is refuted by our observation that herbaceous plants use water from deep soil layers that is released by deep-rooted trees into the upper soil layer. We obtained evidence of strong stomatal control of transpiration and show that most species exhibit homeostasis in maximum water deficit, with midday water potentials being almost identical in the wet and dry seasons. Although stomatal control is strong during the day, nocturnal transpiration is high during the dry season. Our comparative studies showed that the grouping of species into functional categories is somewhat arbitrary and that ranking species along continuous functional axes better represents the ecological complexity of adaptations of cerrado woody species to their seasonal environment.  相似文献   

Calcium- and magnesium-dependent aggregation of legume seed storage proteins.     

R B Ferreira  E Franco  A R Teixeira 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(8):3009-3015

The solubility characteristics and sedimentation behavior of total or individual globulins from legume seeds [Lupinus albus L., Pisum sativum L., and Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were investigated. The typical insolubility of globulins detected during their extraction seems to be due to the presence of a low molecular weight factor(s) in the seed extract. The solubility of the purified globulins decreases with increasing concentrations of calcium and/or magnesium, but not of other cations, showing minimum values at concentrations that vary with the particular globulin considered. Ultracentrifugation analyses revealed that the Ca(2+)- and/or Mg(2+)-induced insolubilization of the globulins involves the formation of high-order aggregates of molecules of the same or of different globulins. These macromolecular structures are dissociated under conditions of high ionic strength, suggesting the involvement of electrostatic interactions in the aggregation process. The degree of association relies heavily on the amount of Ca(2+) and/or Mg(2+) available, on the presence of chelating agents for these divalent cations, and on the ionic strength of the surrounding medium. The possible physiological significance of the findings is discussed.  相似文献   

Responses of two ladybird beetle species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to dietary RNAi     

Simone Haller  Franco Widmer  Blair D Siegfried  Xuguo Zhuo  Jrg Romeis 《Pest management science》2019,75(10):2652-2662

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Potentiometric titration of methylated homoionic bentonites     

C. Cessa  F. Palmieri  M.A. Franco 《Geoderma》1978,21(2):161-173

Potentiometric titrations without electrolyte of H-clay treated with diazomethane and subsequently with HCl, show two buffer ranges: the first decreases as the carbon content increases and is due to exchangeable H₃O⁺; the second, due to exchangeable Al³⁺, does not change as the carbon content increases. These buffer ranges are characterized by higher pK values than those for non-methylated clays. The same samples titrated with electrolyte show a third buffer range starting at pH 7.6 but not having a clearly definable end point. The decrease in CEC, determined by neutral salt solution, is exactly offset by the increase in the pH-dependent charge. Mg- and Ca-clay treated with diazomethane show a particular behaviour due to partial fixation of the adsorbed ion. K- and Na-bentonite do not show a different behaviour in respect to non-methylated clays.X-ray analyses, IR spectra and surface area measurements indicate the presence of hydrophobic organic structures in the interlayers, which affect the ionic exchange processes.  相似文献   

The Coconut Water Antimicrobial Peptide CnAMP1 Is Taken up into Intestinal Cells but Does Not Alter P-Glycoprotein Expression and Activity     

Anaya  Katya  Podszun  Maren  Franco  Octavio Luiz  de Almeida Gadelha  Carlos Alberto  Frank  Jan 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(3):396-403

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Coconut antimicrobial peptide-1 (CnAMP1) is a naturally occurring bioactive peptide from green coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.). Although biological activities...  相似文献   

Morphological diversity analysis of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Harms and prospects for utilization in germplasm conservation and breeding     

B. D. Adewale  D. J. Dumet  I. Vroh-Bi  O. B. Kehinde  D. K. Ojo  A. E. Adegbite  J. Franco 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(5):927-936

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Benzylglucosinolate, benzylisothiocyanate, and myrosinase activity in papaya fruit during development and ripening     

Rossetto MR  Oliveira do Nascimento JR  Purgatto E  Fabi JP  Lajolo FM  Cordenunsi BR 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(20):9592-9599

Papaya is a climacteric fruit that has high amounts of benzylglucosinolates (BG) and benzylisothiocyanates (BITC), but information regarding levels of BG or BITC during fruit development and ripening is limited. Because BG and BITC are compounds of importance from both a nutritional and a crop yield standpoint, the aim of this work was to access data on the distribution and changes of BG and BITC levels during fruit development and ripening. BG and BITC levels were quantified in peel, pulp, and seeds of papaya fruit. Volatile BITC was also verified in the internal cavity of the fruit during ripening. The influence of the ethylene in BG and BITC levels and mirosinase activity was tested by exposing mature green fruits to ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). The highest BG levels were detected in seeds, followed by the peel and pulp being decreased in all tissues during fruit development. Similarly, the levels of BITC were much higher in the seeds than the peel and pulp. The levels of BG for control and ethylene-treated fruit were very similar, increasing in the pulp and peel during late ripening but not changing significantly in seeds. On the other hand, fruit exposed to 1-MCP showed a decrease in BG amount in the pulp and accumulation in seed. The treatments did not result in clear differences regarding the amount of BITC in the pulp and peel of the fruit. According to the results, ethylene does not have a clear effect on BITC accumulation in ripening papaya fruit. The fact that BG levels in the pulp did not decrease during ripening, regardless of the treatment employed, and that papaya is consumed mainly as fresh fruit, speaks in favor of this fruit as a good dietary source for glucosinolate and isothiocyanates.  相似文献