Potential for carbon sequestration after biochar-P fertilizer application: A biological and chemical assessment     

Bernardo M. M. N. Borges  Matheus Sampaio C. Barreto  Paulo S. Pavinato  Henrique C. J. Franco  João Luís Nunes Carvalho  Mathias Strauss  Saran Sohi 《European Journal of Soil Science》2023,74(4):e13400

Innovation is required on many fronts in agriculture, not only to improve nutrient use efficiency but also to mitigate the effects of climate change. Our previous studies presented the high agronomic efficiency of an experimental phosphate fertilizer using a biochar-matrix, called ‘BioFert’. However, the efficiency of BioFert for soil carbon sequestration goals has not yet been evaluated. We incubated BioFert and initial raw sugarcane-biochar over 56 days in two soils (i.e., Ferralsol and Alisol) and measured the total CO₂ and δ¹³C-CO₂ to quantify the contribution of native soil organic matter, sugarcane-biochar, or BioFert to carbon mineralization. There was no significant difference in cumulative CO₂ release between BioFert and the control (without carbon addition), and BioFert was less mineralized than carbon from sugarcane-biochar regardless of soil type. In addition, accelerated aging by thermal oxidation of these carbon sources revealed that more than 80% of BioFert-carbon was prevented from accelerated mineralization, while sugarcane-biochar achieved ~80% of carbon mineralization. The residual solids after oxidation were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and indicated aliphatic/aromatic and carboxylic chemical bonds on the BioFert surface, which might offer new cation exchange sites over time. We conclude that BioFert is not only a phosphate fertilizer with high phosphorus use efficiency but also a stable source of carbon for soil carbon sequestration purposes.  相似文献   

Untrafficked furrowed seedbed sustains soil physical quality in sugarcane mechanized fields     

Leandro Carneiro Barbosa  Paulo Sérgio Graziano Magalhães  Ricardo Oliveira Bordonal  Maurício Roberto Cherubin  Guilherme Adalberto Castioni  João Rossi Neto  Henrique Coutinho Junqueira Franco  João Luís Nunes Carvalho 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(5):2150-2164

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Compost Stabilization of Algal Biomass Drawn in Eutrophic Lagoon Ecosystems     

Giovanni Vallini  Antonio Pera  Franco Cecchi  Manuela M. Valdrighi  Marco A. Sicurani 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(2):49-53

? Data of preliminary trials leading with aerobic biostabilization (composting) of algal biomass from different origins are reported and discussed in this paper. The green macroalga Ulva sp. bloomed in the Lagoon of Venice was first used in composting experiments; then the macrophyte Chaetomorpha sp. drawn in the Lagune of Orbetello (South Tuscany) was considered. A controlled composting system has been adopted where biomass aeration by forced pressure ventilation and turning of the algae mixed with wood shavings were provided. Results indicate that intensive compost stabilization (50 days of process) seems to be reliable for the management of huge amounts of algal material which annually accumulate in Italian lagoon ecosystems. This treatment allows disposal of such a putrescible biomass and recovery of its fertilizing value through the production of an organic amendment.  相似文献   

First report in Italy of the dusky sap beetle, Carpophilus lugubris, a new potential pest for Europe     

Francesca Marini  Franco Mutinelli  Fabrizio Montarsi  Andrew Richard Cline  Enzo Gatti  Paolo Audisio 《Journal of pest science》2013,86(2):157-160

Following a report submitted by a beekeeper to Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, in Padua province (Borgoricco, Veneto, NE Italy), the authors discovered in April 2011 several specimens of the dusky sap beetle Carpophilus lugubris Murray 1864 (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae) on the bottom board of some beehives. At a later time (May 2012), an isolated specimen was also collected within a Natural Reserve in Belluno province (Feltre, Veneto, NE Italy). These specimens represent the first known records of this species in Italy or Europe as a whole. This is also the first record of the species associated with beehives. This discovery led us to review the available bionomical and faunistic data for this widespread Nearctic and Neotropical species. C. lugubris is a recognized pest of corn, therefore is very important monitoring its possible dispersal into cornfields, beehives, and other agricultural regions of NE Italy and southern Europe over the next few years.  相似文献   

Fate-restricted neural progenitors in the mammalian cerebral cortex     

SJ Franco  C Gil-Sanz  I Martinez-Garay  A Espinosa  SR Harkins-Perry  C Ramos  U Müller 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6095):746-749

During development of the mammalian cerebral cortex, radial glial cells (RGCs) generate layer-specific subtypes of excitatory neurons in a defined temporal sequence, in which lower-layer neurons are formed before upper-layer neurons. It has been proposed that neuronal subtype fate is determined by birthdate through progressive restriction of the neurogenic potential of a common RGC progenitor. Here, we demonstrate that the murine cerebral cortex contains RGC sublineages with distinct fate potentials. Using in vivo genetic fate mapping and in vitro clonal analysis, we identified an RGC lineage that is intrinsically specified to generate only upper-layer neurons, independently of niche and birthdate. Because upper cortical layers were expanded during primate evolution, amplification of this RGC pool may have facilitated human brain evolution.  相似文献   

Equine Sarcoid Associated with Cutaneous Habronemosis     

Annunziata Corteggio  Gennaro Altamura  Franco Roperto  Vincenzo Veneziano  Donato Traversa  Angela Mascioni  Giuseppe Borzacchiello 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

Equine sarcoids are benign fibroblastic skin tumors affecting equids worldwide. Infection with bovine papillomavirus types 1 and 2 has been implicated as a major fact in the disease development; however, the cellular mechanisms underlying fibroblast transformation are still largely unknown. In the present study, a diagnosis of sarcoid was histologically assessed along with eosinophilic dermatitis. The sarcoid lesion expressed the viral oncoproteins E5 and E2, suggesting a causative role of the virus and its replication. Ribosomal DNA of the nematode Habronema muscae was also revealed in the lesion. This is the first report to describe and discuss an association of cutaneous habronemosis with equine sarcoid.  相似文献   

Comparison of intraocular pressure measurements between the Tono-Pen XL® and Perkins® applanation tonometers in dogs and cats     

Andrade SF  Palozzi RJ  Giuffrida R  de Campos RJ  Santos Gde C  Fukui RM 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2012,15(Z1):14-20

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Multidrug and multispecies resistance in sheep flocks from São Paulo state, Brazil     

Veríssimo CJ  Niciura SC  Alberti AL  Rodrigues CF  Barbosa CM  Chiebao DP  Cardoso D  da Silva GS  Pereira JR  Margatho LF  da Costa RL  Nardon RF  Ueno TE  Curci VC  Molento MB 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,187(1-2):209-216

The economic importance of sheep production is increasing worldwide simultaneously with the emergence of parasitic resistance. This study aimed to survey the current situation of management practices and parasite resistance in sheep flocks in S?o Paulo state, Brazil. A questionnaire was given to 35 sheep farmers to obtain information related to flock management practices. Of these flocks, 30 were submitted to the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) with at least one of the five following anthelmintics: albendazole, closantel, ivermectin, levamisole, and moxidectin, for comparison against an untreated control group. In the survey, the median number animals per flock was 301, mainly of the Santa Ines breed (in 75.8% of the flocks) and crossbred animals (in 54.5% of the flocks). The predominant farming system was semi-intensive (82.9%), using rotational grazing (80%). Selective treatment was based on FAMACHA grade (47.1%) and in clinical signs (41.2%). The most often applied anthelmintics were macrocyclic lactones (42.9-54.2% in the last three applications). Considering the anthelmintics employed in this study, 10.7% of the farms' flocks were resistant to three, 35.7% to four, and 53.6% to all five anthelmintics. The main helminth genera observed before and after treatments were Haemonchus sp. (75.8%) and Trichostrongylus sp. (19.1%), but all observed genera (Cooperia sp., Oesophagostomum sp., and Strongyloides sp.) were detected by the FECRT. Considering efficacy values less than or equal to 90% in the FECRT as resistant, 100% of flocks were resistant to albendazole and ivermectin, 96.6% to moxidectin, 92.9% to closantel, and 53.6% to levamisole. It is thus possible to conclude that multidrug resistance is widespread in sheep flocks in S?o Paulo state, Brazil, and this involves all prevalent helminth genera.  相似文献   

Spatial hierarchical variances and age covariances for seroprevalence to Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo, BoHV-1 and BVDV for cattle in the State of Paraíba, Brazil     

Thompson JA  de Miranda Henriques Leite R  Gonçalves VS  Leite RC  Bandeira DA  Herrmann GP  Moreira EC  Prado PE  Lobato ZI  de Brito CP  Lage AP 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2006,76(3-4):290-301

We estimated spatial hierarchal variances and age-group covariances for seroprevalence to Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo (LeptoH), bovine viral-diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) among 2343 cattle from 72 properties sampled in the State of Paraíba, Brazil in 2000. From each property, eight animals in each of the four age categories were evaluated. The age categories studied were: pre-weaned (0–6 months), young (7–18 months), replacement (19–30 months) and mature (>30 months). Overall seroprevalence to LeptoH was 16.0% and showed clustering at all levels of the spatial hierarchy and had a high posterior probability of being negatively correlated between replacement and mature groups within herds. Seroprevalence to BoHV-1 was 46.6% and demonstrated very little clustering among levels of the spatial hierarchy and was positively correlated between young and replacement groups within herds. Seroprevalence to BVD was 22.2% and was strongly clustered within herds and was positively correlated between young and replacement age groups within herds.  相似文献   

Ki67 reactivity in nasal and periocular squamous cell carcinomas in cats treated with electron beam radiation therapy     

Melzer K  Guscetti F  Rohrer Bley C  Sumova A  Roos M  Kaser-Hotz B 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(3):676-681

Squamous cell carcinomas of sparsely haired skin are relatively common tumors in cats, and these tumors likely exhibit a rapid growth rate. Thus, we evaluated response and duration of response in relation to the Ki67 proliferative reactivity in such tumors. Seventeen cats with confirmed squamous cell carcinomas and treated with an accelerated, hypofractionated electron beam radiation protocol were included in the study. For all of them histologic grading, Ki67 reactivity, response, and disease-free interval (DFI) were evaluated. Response to therapy was excellent (94% complete response rate) with a median DFI of 414 days. Only moderate acute and few long-term adverse effects were seen. Cats with tumors with a low Ki67 reactivity had markedly shorter DFIs than cats with tumors with high Ki67 reactivity. We concluded that an accelerated, hypofractionated electron beam radiation therapy protocol is well suited for feline squamous cell carcinomas. The protocol appears especially efficacious in tumors with a high Ki67 reactivity.  相似文献