Potential for carbon sequestration after biochar-P fertilizer application: A biological and chemical assessment     

Bernardo M. M. N. Borges  Matheus Sampaio C. Barreto  Paulo S. Pavinato  Henrique C. J. Franco  João Luís Nunes Carvalho  Mathias Strauss  Saran Sohi 《European Journal of Soil Science》2023,74(4):e13400

Innovation is required on many fronts in agriculture, not only to improve nutrient use efficiency but also to mitigate the effects of climate change. Our previous studies presented the high agronomic efficiency of an experimental phosphate fertilizer using a biochar-matrix, called ‘BioFert’. However, the efficiency of BioFert for soil carbon sequestration goals has not yet been evaluated. We incubated BioFert and initial raw sugarcane-biochar over 56 days in two soils (i.e., Ferralsol and Alisol) and measured the total CO₂ and δ¹³C-CO₂ to quantify the contribution of native soil organic matter, sugarcane-biochar, or BioFert to carbon mineralization. There was no significant difference in cumulative CO₂ release between BioFert and the control (without carbon addition), and BioFert was less mineralized than carbon from sugarcane-biochar regardless of soil type. In addition, accelerated aging by thermal oxidation of these carbon sources revealed that more than 80% of BioFert-carbon was prevented from accelerated mineralization, while sugarcane-biochar achieved ~80% of carbon mineralization. The residual solids after oxidation were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and indicated aliphatic/aromatic and carboxylic chemical bonds on the BioFert surface, which might offer new cation exchange sites over time. We conclude that BioFert is not only a phosphate fertilizer with high phosphorus use efficiency but also a stable source of carbon for soil carbon sequestration purposes.  相似文献   

Aging effects and grape variety dependence on the content of sulfur volatiles in wine     

Fedrizzi B  Magno F  Badocco D  Nicolini G  Versini G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(26):10880-10887

Thirteen sulfur compounds (boiling points from 35 to 231 degrees C), usually considered as possible off-flavoring volatiles, were quantified by a concurrent headspace-solid phase microextraction method coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) on 80 not off-flavoring wines of four varieties (Merlot, Marzemino, and Teroldego as red wines and Chardonnay as a white one) and of five vintages produced in the North Italian Trentino region. The results of the research, the first Italian data-bank per variety on such volatiles, allow us to make a comparison with the data of other winegrowing areas, to investigate the aging effect on the considered volatiles, and, finally, to try a variety discrimination using statistical procedures. Dimethyl sulfide, 3-(methylthio)-1-propanol, diethyl sulfide, and diethyl disulfide were found to increase with time whereas 2-mercaptoethanol and ethylmercaptan showed a decreasing trend. Furthermore, the concentration of several compounds was found to be dependent on the variety. For instance, sulfide, disulfides, benzothiazole, and thioalcohols are at higher levels in Merlot wines, whereas thiols and thioacetates are more abundant in Marzemino and Teroldego wines. Chardonnay products, well apart from the other wines, are the poorest in 3-(methylthio)-1-propanol and rather rich in dimethyl disulfide and in diethyl disulfide, mostly in the aged wines. Applying the principal component analysis to the data, it was possible to demonstrate that Chardonnay and Merlot wines are well-discriminated from the Italian native varietal wines, which on their turn are only partially distinguishable among them. A contribution of these compounds to the variety characteristics of wine is reasonable.  相似文献   

Hydrolyzable tannins with the hexahydroxydiphenoyl unit and the m-depsidic link: HPLC-DAD-MS identification and model synthesis     

Arapitsas P  Menichetti S  Vincieri FF  Romani A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(1):48-55

This study was designed to develop efficient analytical tools for the difficult HPLC-DAD-MS identification of hydrolyzable tannins in natural tissue extracts. Throughout the study of the spectroscopic characteristics of properly synthesized stereodefined standards, it was observed that the UV-vis spectra of compounds with the m-depsidic link showed a characteristic shoulder at 300 nm, consistent with the simple glucogalloyl esters, whereas compounds with the hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP) unit gave a diagnostic fragmentation pattern, caused by a spontaneous lactonization in the mass spectrometer. These observations were confirmed by HPLC-DAD-MS analyses of tannic acid and raspberry extracts, which are rich in hydrolyzable tannins with the m-depsidic link and the HHDP unit, respectively.  相似文献   

Determinants of high vitamin A supplementation coverage among pre-school children in Mali: the National Nutrition Weeks experience     

Ayoya MA  Bendech MA  Baker SK  Ouattara F  Diané KA  Mahy L  Nichols L  Touré A  Franco C 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(11):1241-1246

OBJECTIVES: To assess vitamin A supplementation (VAS) coverage of children aged 6-59 months and the factors that favour or limit this coverage during the National Nutrition Weeks in Mali. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. Interviews about demographic factors and children's adherence to the vitamin A capsule distribution programme were conducted. Professionals' knowledge of vitamin A and various aspects related to the supplementation strategy were assessed. SETTING: Five regions out of the eight regions in the country, in addition to Bamako District. Three rural communes were selected in three regions to represent rural areas. SUBJECTS: Parents or caregivers of children under 5 years of age, health agents who participated in the weeks, and community and administrative leaders. RESULTS: At least 80% of the children received the supplement. More 'traditional' communication channels (town criers, friends and family members) appeared to be more effective in reaching the target groups than modern methods, i.e. radio and television. Mothers' possession of a radio (Pearson chi2 = 5.03; P = 0.025) and fathers' education (Pearson chi2 = 19.02; P < 0.001), possession of a radio (Pearson chi2 = 8.93; P = 0.003) and listening to it (Pearson chi2 = 7.62; P = 0.006) all appeared to be statistically and significantly associated with children's coverage. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, only the study site (urban/rural) (P = 0.004), 'traditional channels' (P = 0.02) and fathers' education (P = 0.04) were significantly associated with children's coverage. Knowledge about VAS was high among community and administrative leaders, and health professionals. The planning and implementation of activities at the district level were found to be good in general. CONCLUSION: National Nutrition Weeks provide a successful example of a periodic VAS strategy with high coverage among children aged 6-59 months in Mali. Campaigns aimed at informing and sensitising populations during the Nutrition Weeks should also target children's fathers.  相似文献   

Influence of type of distillation apparatus on chemical profiles of brazilian cachaças     

Reche RV  Neto AF  Silva AA  Galinaro CA  Osti RZ  Franco DW 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(16):6603-6608

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New phenolic esters from the resinous exudate of Haplopappus taeda     

Faini F  Labbé C  Torres R  Rodilla JM  Silva L  Delle Monache F 《Fitoterapia》2007,78(7-8):611-613

Two new phenolic esters 9-trans-p-coumaroyloxy-alpha-terpineol (1) and 7-trans-p-coumaroyloxy-taedol (2), both endowed with free radical scavenger activity and cleroda-3,13 (E)-dien-15,18-diol (3) for which a cis stereochemistry at the decalin junction was found, were isolated from the resinous exudate from Haplopappus taeda upper parts.  相似文献   

Applications of laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy for soil analysis,part I: Review of fundamentals and chemical and physical properties     

Paulino R. Villas‐Boas  Marco A. Franco  Ladislau Martin‐Neto  Hero T. Gollany  Debora M. B. P. Milori 《European Journal of Soil Science》2020,71(5):789-804

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Applications of laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy for soil characterization,part II: Review of elemental analysis and soil classification     

Paulino R. Villas‐Boas  Marco A. Franco  Ladislau Martin‐Neto  Hero T. Gollany  Debora M. B. P. Milori 《European Journal of Soil Science》2020,71(5):805-818

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Effect of Genotype on the Sprouting of Pomegranate (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Punica granatum</Emphasis> L.) Seeds as a Source of Phenolic Compounds from Juice Industry by-Products     

Beatrice Falcinelli  Ombretta Marconi  Stefano Maranghi  Stanley Lutts  Adolfo Rosati  Franco Famiani  Paolo Benincasa 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2017,72(4):432-438

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits are used mainly by the juice industry, for which seeds are a by-product to be disposed of, though they could potentially be a source of bioactive compounds. In this work, germination (total germination percentage, G; mean germination time, MGT; time to reach 80% of germination, TG80; seedling shoot length, fresh weight and dry matter), and nutritional value (total phenolics, TP; total flavonoids, TF; total non-tannins, TNT; antioxidant activities) of pomegranate seeds and sprouts were determined on four commercial pomegranate cultivars (Akko, Dente di Cavallo, Mollar de Elche and Wonderful). Seeds were removed from ripe fruits and incubated in plastic trays containing sterile cotton wetted with distilled water. Sprout shoots were harvested when they reached the complete cotyledon expansion, i.e., the ready-to-eat stage. Akko showed the best germination performance (G = 98%; MGT = 14 days after sowing, DAS; TG80 = 16 DAS), followed by Mollar de Elche. Sprouting dramatically increased TP, TF, TNT and antioxidant activity in all genotypes, with the highest values recorded in Mollar de Elche and Dente di Cavallo. Overall, based on germination performance, Akko and Mollar de Elche would be the best cultivars for sprouting. Sprouting pomegranate seeds appears to be a suitable way of utilizing by-products of the juice industry to obtain bioactive compounds.  相似文献   

Illegal ingegno fishery and conservation of deep red coral banks in the Sicily Channel (Mediterranean Sea)          下载免费PDF全文

Riccardo Cattaneo‐Vietti  Giorgio Bavestrello  Marzia Bo  Simonepietro Canese  Alberto Vigo  Franco Andaloro 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(3):604-616