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71.
Mohamed Tharwat Aya Takamizawa Yoshinao Z. Hosaka Daiji Endoh Shin Oikawa 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2012,76(4):241-247
The objective of this study was to investigate hepatocyte apoptosis in dairy cows during the transition period. Four clinically healthy, pregnant dairy cattle were used. The cows had no clinical diseases throughout this study. Blood samples were collected and livers were biopsied from the cows at 3 different times: 3 weeks before expected partition (wk −3); during parturition (wk 0), and 3 weeks (wk +3) after parturition. The damage to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) caused by hepatocytes was evaluated by comet assay. The apoptotic features of hepatocytes were examined by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopic analyses. The hepatic triglyceride content markedly increased at wk 0 and wk +3 compared with the values at wk −3. The results of the comet assay showed increases in the mean tail moment values of hepatic cells after parturition in all cows, which suggested increased DNA damage. Histopathologically, the hepatocytes began to contain lipid droplets at wk 0 and were severely opacified at wk +3. Caspase-3-positive and single-stranded DNA-(ssDNA)-positive cells were first detected in the liver after parturition. Condensation of nuclear chromatin, a typical sign of apoptosis, was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy after parturition. These results suggest that apoptosis is induced in hepatocytes of dairy cows around parturition and may result from lipotoxicity in hepatocytes. 相似文献
72.
Effect of fat content on sensory characteristics of marbled beef from Japanese Black steers
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Fumiko Iida Kaoru Saitou Tadashi Kawamura Shizuko Yamaguchi Toshihide Nishimura 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(7):707-715
To analyze the sensory characteristics of meat samples with a crude fat content between 23.8% and 48.6% taken from 34 Japanese Black steers, we grilled the meat and subjected it to analytical sensory evaluation. We also measured the amounts of moisture, protein, nucleic acid and glutamic acid. An increase in crude fat content increased the tenderness, juiciness, and fattiness in the meat quality evaluation. An increase in crude fat content reduced the crude protein and moisture contents; it also slightly reduced the nucleic acid and glutamic acid contents, although when the reductions in these umami components were assessed relative to the moisture content they changed little. Increasing the fat content up to a certain point greatly enhanced the umami intensity and beef flavor intensity in the meat quality evaluation and raised the overall evaluation score; the peak of the appropriate crude fat content for these purposes was about 36%. 相似文献
73.
Cells exposed to intact, noninfectious influenza virus were shown to be recognized by class I-restricted anti-influenza cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Both internal and external proteins derived from virions were processed by cells for CTL recognition. Sensitization required the inactivation of viral neuraminidase activity and could be inhibited by preventing fusion of viral and cellular membranes. These findings are important in designing vaccines to elicit CTL responses, since they demonstrate that cells can process intact, exogenous proteins for recognition by CTLs and suggest that such processing depends on introduction of exogenous proteins into the cytoplasm. 相似文献
74.
Summary Soluble proteins in seed potato were analyzed by electrophoresis (PAGE). The Index of Variation (IV) was calculated in order
to estimate variation within each accession of wild and cultivated potato species andS. chacoense selfed lines. Seeds of 34 accessions representing 14 species from six taxonomic series were analyzed.
The IV ofS. chacoense selfed lines decreased from 47.7 in the S2 to 12.9 in the S7 generation. The average IV for the self-incompatible diploid species was 41.2, whereas that of the selfcompatible diploid
species,S. polyadenium, was 21.3. TetraploidS. tuberosum ssp.andigena andS. sucrense had an average IV of 62.2, which is much higher than that observed in any other diploid species. The naturally selfing speciesS. acaule (4x), and its colchicine-doubled derivative (8x), showed very low variation (IV=7.5). The IV appears to reflect heterozygosity
and is affected by the breeding mode and the genetic constitution of diploid parents for derived polyploids. 相似文献
75.
76.
Naoya Urasaki Satoko Goeku Risa Kaneshima Tomonori Takamine Kazuhiko Tarora Makoto Takeuchi Chie Moromizato Kaname Yonamine Fumiko Hosaka Shingo Terakami Hideo Matsumura Toshiya Yamamoto Moriyuki Shoda 《Breeding Science》2015,65(3):276-284
To explore genome-wide DNA polymorphisms and identify DNA markers for leaf margin phenotypes, a restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing analysis was employed to analyze three bulked DNAs of F1 progeny from a cross between a ‘piping-leaf-type’ cultivar, ‘Yugafu’, and a ‘spiny-tip-leaf-type’ variety, ‘Yonekura’. The parents were both Ananas comosus var. comosus. From the analysis, piping-leaf and spiny-tip-leaf gene-specific restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing tags were obtained and designated as PLSTs and STLSTs, respectively. The five PLSTs and two STSLTs were successfully converted to cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers using the sequence differences between alleles. Based on the genotyping of the F1 with two SSR and three CAPS markers, the five PLST markers were mapped in the vicinity of the P locus, with the closest marker, PLST1_SSR, being located 1.5 cM from the P locus. The two CAPS markers from STLST1 and STLST3 perfectly assessed the ‘spiny-leaf type’ as homozygotes of the recessive s allele of the S gene. The recombination value between the S locus and STLST loci was 2.4, and STLSTs were located 2.2 cM from the S locus. SSR and CAPS markers are applicable to marker-assisted selection of leaf margin phenotypes in pineapple breeding. 相似文献
77.
Chalermpol Phumichai Yukiko Ikeguchi-Samitsu Masaki Fujimatsu Satoshi Kitanishi Akira Kobayashi Motoyuki Mori Kazuyoshi Hosaka 《Euphytica》2006,148(3):227-234
Summary
S-locus inhibitor gene (Sli), which can inhibit gametophytic self-incompatibility in diploid potatoes and alter self-incompatible to self-compatible plants, was introduced by crossing into 32 diploid genotypes as females and its expression in the F1 and S1 progenies was investigated. We found that the expression of self-compatibility in the F1 hybrid progeny depended largely upon the female genotypes and partly upon the male genotypes (=Sli gene donor clones). Successful females produced hybrid plants, in which 67.1% of self-pollinated plants set S1 seeds. By second selfing upon the S1 plants, an average of 44.2% of self-pollinated plants were self-compatible. Unsuccessful females produced hybrids, most of which were self-incompatible or male-sterile. Restriction fragment patterns of chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) were able to distinguish successful females (S- or A-type ctDNA) from unsuccessful females (W- or T-type ctDNA). A ctDNA high-resolution marker analysis using seven microsatellites and H3 marker supported a higher degree of differentiation between the two groups of ctDNA types and implied a possible interaction between the cytoplasm and Sli gene function. However, it has been known that the cytoplasm having T-type ctDNA and that derived from Solanum demissum (haplotype 26 of W-type ctDNA) cause male sterility, and the present case with unsuccessful females were likely caused by male sterility rather than the failure of Sli gene function. 相似文献
78.
T Itagaki N Ohta Y Hosaka H Iso M Konishi S Chinone H Itagaki 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1989,51(4):757-764
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated for diagnosis of experimental or naturally occurring Fasciola sp. infections in cattle. The positive rate for the ELISA in calves inoculated with Fasciola metacercariae were 21.1% by 2 weeks postinoculation (PI), 94.6% by 4 weeks PI and 100% by 6-21 weeks PI. The positive rate for the immunodiffusion test (Ouchterlony test) reached 91.7% by 2 weeks PI, however, it dropped to 77.8% by 10 weeks PI. The positive rate for the fecal egg examination was 0% by 10 weeks PI, 77.8% by 12 weeks PI and 100% by 14-21 weeks PI. The practical application of ELISA was tested by using 165 cows raised under field condition. All the 24 cows that were positive both in the fecal egg examination and the Ouchterlony test were ELISA positive. Of the 6 cows that were egg positive and Ouchterlony negative, 5 showed ELISA positive reactions. Of the 27 cows that were egg negative and Ouchterlony positive, 24 were ELISA positive. Of the 108 cows that were egg negative and Ouchterlony negative, 90 were ELISA negative. However, the other 18 cows had ELISA positive reactions. Our results suggested that the ELISA using crude adult antigen was superior to the Ouchterlony test and fecal egg examination for diagnosis of experimental or naturally occurring Fasciola sp. infections in cattle. 相似文献
79.
Uchida S Imagawa T Furue M Ali SA Hosaka YZ Uehara M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(3):319-323
The constitution of ependyma derived from the ventricular zone is different from that derived from other regions of the central nervous system. In the mammalian cerebrum, the ependyma is varied by the regions to cortex or basal ganglia (BG). In the avian telencephalon (Tc), previous studies about the constitution of the ependyma have not revealed clear findings. In the present study, we performed immunostaining of ependymal cells in the chicken Tc to confirm differences in the ependyma of various regions. As a result, 4 patterns of ependyma were defined in the outer side of the lateral ventricle. In the base of the lamina pallio-subpallialis (LPS), ependyma consisted of vimentin/glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) double-positive cells, whereas in the base of the lamina frontalis superior, it consisted primarily of vimentin-positive cells and a small number of vimentin/GFAP double-positive cells. With the exception of the above, the pallial ependyma was a single layer containing vimentin single-positive cells. Lastly, the ependyma of the BG was rich in vimentin single-positive cells. The constitutional differences of the ependyma of the pallium and BG concerned differences in ependymal morphology and cell characteristics. These finding suggest that the bounder between pallium and BG is LPS at the point of ependyma. 相似文献
80.
Tanaka E Okumura S Takamiya R Hosaka H Shimamura Y Murata M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(12):6705-6709
Cinnamaldehyde treatment inhibited the browning of cut lettuce during cold storage. In this study, to clarify the mechanism of inhibitory action of cinnamaldehyde against the browning and to show its microbiological merit, its effect on the browning of cut lettuce was compared to that of mild heat treatment. Both cinnamaldehyde and mild heat treatments inhibited the induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity because of cutting. As a result, the biosynthesis of polyphenols, which are substrates of polyphenol oxidase, was inhibited. This reduction of polyphenol synthesis caused the inhibition of the browning. Cinnamaldehyde treatment repressed the induction of PAL mRNA, while mild heat treatment did not repress its induction. The increase in microbes in cut lettuce treated with cinnamaldehyde was less than that treated with mild heat after 12 days. 相似文献