Corrigendum to “Automated observation and analysis of earthworm surface behaviour under experimental habitat quality and availability conditions” [Pedobiologia – International Journal of Soil Biology (53/4) 259–263]     

Jan Valckx  Annabel Pennings  Toon Leroy  Daniël Berckmans  Gerard Govers  Martin Hermy  Bart Muys 《Pedobiologia》2011,54(1):53-55

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Eliminating amino acid interference during spectrophotometric NH₄ analysis     

Gerard H. Ros  Adriaan G. van Leeuwen  Erwin J.M. Temminghoff 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(4):862-865

Amino acids can interfere with NH₄⁺ in spectrophotometric NH₄⁺ determination hampering accurate quantification of the fate of NH₄⁺ and dissolved organic N in soils. Serious interference has been reported for soils rich in organic matter, and for soils that have been fumigated, oven-dried or fertilized where between 5 and 60% of the NH₄⁺ detected could be attributed to amino acid interference. We investigated whether a combination of gas diffusion and the classical Berthelot method can eliminate this interference, increasing the selectivity of the NH₄⁺ analysis. We tested this approach using synthetic amino acid solutions and a large set of terrestrial samples (n = 353), including pore water samples, (fumigated or dried) soil extracts, and extracts of manures, composts and crop residues. The evaluated method produced accurate (recovery > 99.7%) and reproducible (standard error = 2.2%) NH₄⁺ concentrations, eliminating any interference between amino acids and NH₄⁺ (interference < 0.3%). Interference from K₂SO₄ was also eliminated. The method is robust, broadly applicable and will improve our understanding of nitrogen cycling in various ecosystems, in particular those where high levels of amino acids occur.  相似文献   

Influence of grape-harvesting steps on varietal thiol aromas in Sauvignon blanc wines   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Allen T  Herbst-Johnstone M  Girault M  Butler P  Logan G  Jouanneau S  Nicolau L  Kilmartin PA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(19):10641-10650

The intense tropical fruit aroma of Sauvignon blanc wines has been associated with the varietal thiols 3-mercaptohexanol (3MH), derived from odorless precursors in the grape, and 3-mercaptohexyl acetate (3MHA), arising from 3MH during fermentation. Grapes and juice were sourced from five locations in Marlborough, New Zealand, taking hand-picked grapes and samples at four stages during the mechanical harvesting process and pressing, which were then fermented in replicated 750 mL bottles. With each set of juices, the highest concentrations of Cys-3MH and Glut-3MH were found in the juices pressed to 1 bar, but these juices produced wines with lower 3MH and 3MHA concentrations. With three of the juices, there was an increase in varietal thiol content for wines made from juices that had been machine harvested compared to the hand-picked samples, which matched earlier findings of lower 3MH and 3MHA levels in wines made from hand-picked grapes. Juices that were more oxidized, and which showed a higher absorbance at 420 nm, were found to produce wines with lower 3MH and 3MHA concentrations.  相似文献   

An update on alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters for broilers     

Gerard Huyghebaert  Richard Ducatelle  Filip Van Immerseel 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,187(2):182-188

Livestock performance and feed efficiency are closely interrelated with the qualitative and quantitative microbial load of the animal gut, the morphological structure of the intestinal wall and the activity of the immune system. Antimicrobial growth promoters have made a tremendous contribution to profitability in intensive husbandry, but as a consequence of the increasing concern about the potential for antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria, the European Commission decided to ban all commonly used feed antibiotics. There are a number of non-therapeutic alternatives, including enzymes, (in)organic acids, probiotics, prebiotics, etheric oils and immunostimulants. Their efficacy and mode of action are briefly described in this review.  相似文献   

Supplementation with groundnut haulms for sheep fattening in the West African Sahel     

Ayantunde AA  Delfosse P  Fernandez-Rivera S  Gerard B  Dan-Gomma A 《Tropical animal health and production》2007,39(3):207-216

Groundnut haulms along with cowpea hay are major crop residues used for animal fattening in the West African Sahel. In traditional sheep fattening, feeds are always provided ad-hoc and in an unregulated fashion, which is rather wasteful. As a preliminary study to establish the optimal feeding levels of groundnut haulms for profitable sheep fattening, a feeding trial was conducted for 70 days with four levels of groundnut haulms (0, 150, 300 and 450 g/day) and a basal diet of bush hay. The effects of supplementation with groundnut haulms on feed intake, water consumption, live weight changes and economic return were determined. Twenty-four Peuhl Oudah rams with average initial weight of 28.6 kg (SD = 1.4) were randomly allocated to four treatments defined by the four levels of groundnut haulms in the diet. Faeces and urine were collected in weeks 5 and 9 of the trial. Digestible organic matter intake (g/(kg LW)^0.75) and nitrogen intake (g/day) increased linearly with the level of groundnut haulms offered. Sheep that were fed only bush hay lost 18.4 g/day, while those that were offered 150, 300 and 450 g of groundnut haulms gained 1.4, 19.3 and 40.2 g/day, respectively. The gross return ranged from 1883 to 4946 FCFA per ram. Net benefit, after removing the feed and veterinary costs from the gross return, ranged from 368 to 1400 FCFA per ram.  相似文献   

Bilateral occurrence of granulosa-theca cell tumors in an Arabian mare     

Frederico LM  Gerard MP  Pinto CR  Gradil CM 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2007,48(5):502-505

An Arabian mare was referred for right granulosa-theca cell tumor (GTCT) evaluation. The mare was presented 4.5 years later for a left GTCT, after successfully conceiving and delivering a normal foal in the interim. The concurrent or nonconcurrent occurrence of bilateral GTCT in mares appears to be rare.  相似文献   

Accounting for analytical and proximal soil sensing errors in digital soil mapping     

Bertin Takoutsing  Gerard B. M. Heuvelink  Jetse J. Stoorvogel  Keith D. Shepherd  Ermias Aynekulu 《European Journal of Soil Science》2022,73(2):e13226

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Radiographic localization and isometry of the origin and insertion of the canine cranial cruciate ligament     

Erin E. Reichert DVM  Kevin A. R. Kunkel DVM  Diplomate ACVS  Jonathan T. Suber DVM  Diplomate ACVS  R. Randy Basinger DVM  Diplomate ACVS  Patrick D. Gerard PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2013,42(7):860-866

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In Vitro Acute Load to Failure and Eyelet Abrasion Testing of a Novel Veterinary Screw‐Type Mini‐Anchor Design     

Kevin A. R. Kunkel DVM  Diplomate ACVS  Roy J. Rusly BS  R. Randy Basinger DVM  Diplomate ACVS  John D. DesJardins PhD  Patrick D. Gerard PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2013,42(2):217-222

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Serum Protein Fraction in Mature Horses and Relationship With Metabolic and Hematological Parameters     

Fabio Abeni  Aldo Dal Prà  Gerard Bertin  Luigi Calamari 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

This study was conducted to determine the effect of age on serum protein fractions and their relationship with metabolic and hematological profiles in mature horses. Twenty-five mature Italian Saddle horses (mean age 13.6 ± 4.8 years) fed the same diet (grass hay and concentrate) were stratified according to age as first maturity, M1 (≤10 years old); second maturity, M2 (>10 and <15 years old); and old, O (>15 years), to be monitored every 28 days for a continuous period of 140 days. Horses in group O had higher plasma protein and thiol concentrations and white blood cell and neutrophil counts than the other two groups. Serum α₂-globulin concentrations were positively correlated with total plasma cholesterol (r = 0.514; P < .001), alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.430; P < .001), aspartate aminotransferase (r = 0.339; P < .001), ceruloplasmin (r = 0.321; P < .001), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (r = 0.444; P < .001), reactive oxygen metabolites (r = 0.426; P < .001), and blood neutrophil counts (r = 0.344; P < .01), and negatively with plasma bilirubin (r = −0.522; P < .001) and creatinine (r = −0.400; P < .001). These results suggest differences in hematological and metabolic profile in Italian Saddle horses after 15 years of age, resulting mainly from changes in plasma proteins and inflammatory mediators. The α₂-globulins fraction seems a quick but reliable marker of an inflammatory situation that, successively, should be better investigated with specific metabolites or enzymes.  相似文献