Bioactive metabolites from new or rare fimicolous fungi with antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi     

Sabrina Sarrocco  Stefania Diquattro  Fabiana Avolio  Alessio Cimmino  Grazia Puntoni  Francesco Doveri  Antonio Evidente  Giovanni Vannacci 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2015,142(1):61-71

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Should I fight or should I flight? How studying insect aggression can help integrated pest management          下载免费PDF全文

Giovanni Benelli 《Pest management science》2015,71(7):885-892

Aggression plays a key role all across the animal kingdom, as it allows the acquisition and/or defence of limited resources (food, mates and territories) in a huge number of species. A large part of our knowledge on aggressive behaviour has been developed on insects of economic importance. How can this knowledge be exploited to enhance integrated pest management? Here, I highlight how knowledge on intraspecific aggression can help IPM both in terms of insect pests (with a focus on the enhancement of the sterile insect technique) and in terms of biological control agents (with a focus on mass‐rearing optimisation). Then, I examine what implications for IPM can be outlined from knowledge about interspecific aggressive behaviour. Besides predator–pest aggressive interactions predicted by classic biological control, I focus on what IPM can learn from (i) interspecific aggression among pest species (with special reference to competitive displacement), (ii) defensive behaviour exhibited by prey against predaceous insects and (iii) conflicts among predaceous arthropods sharing the same trophic niche (with special reference to learning/sensitisation practices and artificial manipulation of chemically mediated interactions). © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Flavonoid-induced autophagy in hormone sensitive breast cancer cells     

Elisa Brunelli  Giulia Pinton  Paolo Bellini  Alberto Minassi  Giovanni Appendino  Laura Moro   《Fitoterapia》2009,80(6):327-332

The activity of 8-prenylapigenin (8-PA) and its 3'-methoxylated analogue isocannflavin B (IsoB) was investigated in estrogen-dependent T47-D and estrogen-independent MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. 8-PA showed a biphasic effect on T47-D cell proliferation, while no significant effect was observed on MDA-MB-231 cells. Conversely, IsoB exhibited only an inhibitory effect on T47-D cell proliferation, accompanied by the appearance of an intense intracytoplasmic vacuolization of autophagic origin. Moreover, biochemical analysis showed that IsoB reduced Akt phosphorylation and p21^Cip1 expression in T47-D cells. These data show that the prenylflavone moiety is a versatile platform for the induction and modulation of bioactivity.  相似文献   

Multi-electrode 3D resistivity imaging of alfalfa root zone   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Mariana Amato  Giovanni Bitella  Roberta Rossi  Jos A. Gmez  Stella Lovelli  Joo J. Ferreira Gomes 《European Journal of Agronomy》2009,31(4):213-222

Information on the amount and spatial distribution of plant roots is increasingly needed for understanding and managing crop behaviour. Soil electrical resistivity (ρ) tomography has been proposed as a non-destructive method for root biomass quantification and mapping in trees but evidence is needed on the applicability of the technique at low root density and in herbaceous plants.We produced high-resolution 3D DC soil resistivity tomograms in containers with bare soil (B), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (A1) on a silt loam soil, and alfalfa on a loam (A2). Root biomass (RMD), root length density (RLD), soil electrical conductivity (EC) and water content (θ) were measured destructively.The pattern of soil resistivity matched the spatial distribution of θ in bare soil and of RMD in rooted soil. Univariate linear relations were found between ρ and θ in bare soil and between ρ, RLD and RMD in rooted soil. Across all data RMD and soil texture (P < 0.01) explained a high proportion of variability in soil resistivity.This allows to conclude that soil resistivity is quantitatively related to root biomass in herbaceous plants even at low root density (biomass < 0.001 Mg m⁻³), providing a basis for the development of resistivity-founded methods for the non-destructive spatial detection of root mass in situ, but the response in ρ is of the same order of magnitude as the effects of grain size and water content. Therefore in field studies reciprocal masking of low-density roots and other soil features is possible, and the effect of variation in other soil properties should be explicitly addressed.  相似文献   

Forests at the limit: evolutionary — genetic consequences of environmental changes at the receding (xeric) edge of distribution. Report from a research workshop     

Csaba Mátýas  Giovanni G. Vendramin  Bruno Fady 《Annals of Forest Science》2009,66(8):800-800

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Annual survival probabilities of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles indicate high anthropogenic impact on Mediterranean populations          下载免费PDF全文

Paolo Casale  Daniela Freggi  Giovanni Furii  Carola Vallini  Pasquale Salvemini  Michele Deflorio  Giovanni Totaro  Stefano Raimondi  Caterina Fortuna  Brendan J. Godley 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2015,25(5):690-700

Male multiple matings and reproductive success in commodity-adapted strains of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sitophilus oryzae</Emphasis>     

Christos G. Athanassiou  Nickolas G. Kavallieratos  Giovanni Benelli  Raul Narciso C. Guedes 《Journal of pest science》2018,91(3):1073-1080

Multiple matings occur in many species of stored-grain insect pests, such as the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.), with both female and male mating more than once and with more than one partner. Multiple female mating in S. oryzae increased lifetime fecundity by extending the period of time progeny were produced, but consequences of multiple male mating in S. oryzae were not yet studied although it is likely to increase male fitness by increasing offspring production. Here, the effects of polygynous mating on male mating behavior, success, and fitness were assessed in two strains of S. oryzae, one adapted to barley and another to wheat. Two insect strains were considered because they may differ in response depending on the host grain, which present distinct nutritional value to the insects. Mating by pairs formed between the two strains did not impact mating success, but wheat-adapted females exhibited longer mating duration, which was positively correlated with progeny production. Wheat-adapted males exhibited higher fertility than barley-adapted males. When male multiple matings were considered in successive polygynous matings, late matings led to lower non-cumulative values of progeny production, but higher cumulative performance, and wheat-adapted S. oryzae always performed better. Thus, male fitness and grain losses in wheat are higher than in barley, even when S. oryzae was adapted to the latter.  相似文献   

Molecular characterization of two papaya ringspot virus isolates that cause devastating symptoms in Norte de Santander,Colombia     

Luz Yineth Ortiz-Rojas  Giovanni Chaves-Bedoya 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,148(4):883-894

Papaya ringspot virus is an RNA virus that belongs to the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae and affects both papaya and cucurbits, causing great economic losses. PRSV isolates are divided into biotypes P and W; both biotypes naturally infect plants in the family Cucurbitaceae, whereas the P type also naturally infects papaya (Carica papaya L). In the present study, we report the full-length genome sequence of two PRSV-P isolates sampled from the Campo Hermoso (PRSV-CH) and Villa del Rosario (PRSV-VR) localities in Norte de Santander, Colombia. The genomes of these PRSV isolates are 10,326 nt in length and have a predicted ORF of 3344 aa. The identity among Colombian PRSV isolates is 96.9% and 97.3% at the nucleotide and deduced amino acid levels, respectively. PRSV isolates from China had the lowest identity at 78.3% and 89.2% (nucleotide-amino acid), whereas the highest identities were detected in PRSV isolates from Mexico, Venezuela and Hawaii. At the polyprotein level, the amino acid composition surrounding the active polyprotein cleavage sites differ in the Colombian PRSV sequences. The predicted cleavage site in P1/HC-Pro is LEQY/N – LEQY/S instead of MEQY/N. Both of the Colombian PRSV isolates have a putative recombination event in the P1 coding region, which is common in all PRSV isolates from the American continent. The new full-length PRSV sequences from Colombia provide a better understanding of the dynamics of papaya ringspot virus infections in papaya in Colombia and worldwide.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Estimating belowground biomass and root/shoot ratio of Phillyrea latifolia L. in the Mediterranean forest landscapes     

Pasquale A. Marziliano  Raffaele Lafortezza  Umberto Medicamento  Leonardo Lorusso  Vincenzo Giannico  Giuseppe Colangelo  Giovanni Sanesi 《Annals of Forest Science》2017,74(2):35

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Environmental influence on urban rodent bait consumption     

Matteo Patergnani  Lapo Mughini Gras  Giovanni Poglayen  Aldo Gelli  Fernando Pasqualucci  Marco Farina  Laura Stancampiano 《Journal of pest science》2010,83(3):347-359

Anticoagulant poisoning is a common rodent control method in urban areas, but rodents may exhibit versatile feeding behavioural habits in varying environmental conditions. This study has been conducted to determine those environmental factors that could directly influence bait consumption and which therefore may affect an urban rodent control plan carried out with chemical methods. In the city of Bologna (Italy), 2500 bait stations have been monitored in various urban biotopes and the bait consumption studied in relation to several environmental factors, using both bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results reveal that the rodent patch distribution triggers the avoidance of baits placed outside of their home-range, hence the importance on bait placement. The logistic regression model confirms that vegetation, harbourage and water supplies are important variables in determining bait consumption, probably because they may spatially and temporarily facilitate the agoraphobic rodent movement, ensuring undisturbed bait consumption. The role of predators (dogs and cats) and food competitors (synanthropic birds) remains insignificant. However, bait eating invertebrates may consume part of the bait. For a proper rodent control plan the first real need is to minimize the alternative food sources, which may compete with baits. Weather conditions in which rodents could possibly pass unnoticed (fog and rainfall) may encourage bait consumption, vice versa with a cold climate. The considered environmental factors have satisfactorily explained bait consumption, highlighting the importance of human influence. The study of environmental factors may be useful in categorizing several site-specific conditions where rodent control efforts should be targeted, enhancing any intervention by matching the correct and specific strategy.  相似文献