Phagocytosis of Astaxanthin-Loaded Microparticles Modulates TGFβ Production and Intracellular ROS Levels in J774A.1 Macrophages     

Eleonora Binatti  Gianni Zoccatelli  Francesca Zanoni  Giulia Don  Federica Mainente  Roberto Chignola 《Marine drugs》2021,19(3)

Radiation-induced fibrosis is a serious long-lasting side effect of radiation therapy. Central to this condition is the role of macrophages that, activated by radiation-induced reactive oxygen species and tissue cell damage, produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). This, in turn, recruits fibroblasts at the site of the lesion that initiates fibrosis. We investigated whether astaxanthin, an antioxidant molecule extracted from marine and freshwater organisms, could help control macrophage activation. To this purpose, we encapsulated food-grade astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis into micrometer-sized whey protein particles to specifically target macrophages that can uptake material within this size range by phagocytosis. The data show that astaxanthin-loaded microparticles are resistant to radiation, are well-tolerated by J774A.1 macrophages, induce in these cells a significant reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species and inhibit the release of active TGFβ as evaluated in a bioassay with transformed MFB-F11 fibroblasts. Micro-encapsulation of bioactive molecules is a promising strategy to specifically target phagocytic cells and modulate their own functions.  相似文献   

Resveratrol-poor Red Wines Modulate SIRT1 in Human Renal Cells     

Stiaccini G  Mannari C  Bertelli AA  Giovannini L 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2012,67(3):289-293

The cardioprotective and anti-aging effects of red wine phenols, especially resveratrol (RSV), are well known. One of the most interesting biological properties of RSV and other naturally occurring phenols is the regulation of the expression and activity of SIRT1 (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog). In view of the role of SIRT1 in acute and chronic renal diseases, we decided to study the effects of RSV-poor red wines on the expression of SIRT1 and HIF-2α (hypoxia-inducible factor 2α) to be compared with a nanomolar concentration of RSV or malvidin in proximal tubular cells of human kidneys (PTEC). Survival signaling systems activation (extracellular signal-regulated kinases, ERK and AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK) was also investigated in PTEC incubated with wines. PTEC cells were incubated in the presence of RSV-poor wines diluted 1:1,000 for 30', 90', 120' and 24?h. Expression of SIRT1 and HIF-2α, and activation of ERK and AMPK were analyzed by Western Blot. The data obtained show that wine modulates the expression of anti-aging molecular systems even when RSV is present in very small amounts.  相似文献   

Cardiovascular effects and intraoperative pharmacokinetics of tramadol in sheep undergoing spinal surgery     

Giulia Maria De Benedictis  Mario Giorgi  Alice Depase  Virginia De Vito  Giorgia della Rocca  Luca Bellini 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(5):1245-1252

Objective

To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of two doses of tramadol during isoflurane anaesthesia in sheep and their ability to prevent the cardiovascular response induced by surgical stimulation.

Study design

Prospective randomized controlled study.

Animals

A total of 12 healthy sheep (mean weight, 47.5 ± 7.9 kg) undergoing lumbar transpedicular intervertebral disk nucleotomy.

Methods

Sheep were sedated with medetomidine, anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane at 1.5 vol.%. Baseline heart rate and blood pressure were measured and sheep were randomly assigned an intravenous injection of tramadol (4 or 6 mg kg^?1). Fentanyl was injected as rescue analgesic if cardiovascular parameters were increased more than 20% compared to baseline. If those variables were below 20% of baseline, the concentration of isoflurane was gradually decreased until parameters returned to the original value. Blood collections were performed at pre-assigned times, and concentrations of tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol (M1) assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results

Time from premedication to anaesthesia induction, anaesthesia time, propofol dose and intraoperative body temperature were similar between doses. Cardiovascular variables remained between ±20% of baseline value, and no statistical difference was observed between treatments. Regardless of the dose of tramadol administered, arterial blood pressure was statistically higher than baseline 10 minutes after tramadol administration, but it gradually returned to previous values. A two-compartment model and a non-compartment model described the pharmacokinetics of tramadol and M1, respectively. Plasma concentrations of tramadol rapidly decreased in the first 2 hours for both doses with an elimination half-life of more than 40 minutes. The M1 maximum concentration was similar for both doses, and it was detected in plasma after 35 minutes.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Both doses of tramadol provided adequate cardiovascular stability during spinal surgery in sheep. The pharmacokinetic variables may be used to plan the dosage regime during general anaesthesia.  相似文献   

Experimental rearing of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus fed with discards of the lettuce Lactuca sativa in a sea‐based system          下载免费PDF全文

Salvatrice Vizzini  Giulia Visconti  Antonino Vaccaro  Antonio Mazzola 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(2):631-636

Small‐sized specimens (test diameter: 16.64 ± 0.93 mm, mean ± SE) of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus were fed with fresh discards of the lettuce Lactuca sativa during a 24‐week experiment in a sea‐based system. At the end of the experiment, stock survival was high (88.8 ± 6.6%). Sea urchin test diameter and total weight grew by 35% and 56%, respectively, while gonad somatic index, after an initial decrease, increased by 3.2%. Moreover, more than 90% of specimens achieved the gonad colour that the market demands. These results support the exploitation of L. sativa as the main ingredient in a manufactured diet for echinoculture of P. lividus. Employing diets formulated with discard ingredients, combined with a low‐cost sea‐based rearing system, could be a suitable approach for sustainable management of echinoculture.  相似文献   

Entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against larvae of the chestnut weevil,Curculio elephas (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): a laboratory evaluation     

Giulia Torrini  Claudia Benvenuti  Francesco Binazzi  Leonardo Marianelli  Francesco Paoli  Giuseppino Sabbatini Peverieri 《国际虫害防治杂志》2018,64(4):287-293

Pest control in chestnut orchards is mainly achieved by chemicals, but there is growing focus on the potential use of biological control agents. The larval susceptibility of the chestnut weevil Curculio elephas L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to different strains/species of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes was evaluated in laboratory by soil cup bioassays. In the experiments with fungi, a wild strain of Metarhizium anisopliae caused the highest larval mortality (about 90%) compared with a commercial and a wild strain of Beauveria bassiana (80% and 77% respectively). Regarding nematodes, the commercial strain of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora was more effective in the control of chestnut larvae (77% insect mortality) than Steinernema carpocapsae (43%).  相似文献   

Effects of different cooking methods on antioxidant profile, antioxidant capacity, and physical characteristics of artichoke     

Ferracane R  Pellegrini N  Visconti A  Graziani G  Chiavaro E  Miglio C  Fogliano V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(18):8601-8608

In this study, the effects of three common cooking practices (i.e., boiling, steaming, and frying) on the artichoke phenolic compounds pattern were evaluated by LC-MS/MS analysis. The variation of carotenoids, antioxidant capacity, and artichoke physical properties after cooking was also investigated. The major phenolic compounds present in the raw sample were 5- O-caffeoylquinic and 1,5-di- O-caffeoylquinic acids; after cooking treatments, an increase of the overall caffeoylquinic acids concentration due to the formation of different dicaffeoylquinic acid isomers was observed. Steamed and fried samples showed similar patterns of dicaffeoylquinic concentrations, which were higher with respect to the boiled samples. On the other hand, all cooking practices, particularly frying, decreased flavonoid concentration. The antioxidant capacity of cooked artichokes, measured by three different assays, enormously increased after cooking, particularly after steaming (up to 15-fold) and boiling (up to 8-fold). The observed cooking effect on the artichoke antioxidant profile is probably due to matrix softening and increased extractability of compounds, but the increase of antioxidant capacity is much higher than the increase of antioxidant concentration. These results suggest that some common cooking treatments can be used to enhance the nutritional value of vegetables, increasing bioaccessibility of health-promoting constituents.  相似文献   

Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii preserves the integrity of intestinal mucosa in gilthead seabream,Sparus aurata subjected to a bacterial challenge with Vibrio anguillarum          下载免费PDF全文

Giulia Maricchiolo  Letteria Caccamo  Monique Mancuso  Giovanni Marco Cusimano  Francesco Gai  Maria Genovese  Abdallah Ghonimy  Lucrezia Genovese 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(2):725-728

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Wild <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coffea arabica</Emphasis> resistant to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Meloidogyne paranaensis</Emphasis> and genetic parameters for resistance     

Bárbhara Joana dos Reis Fatobene  Vinícius Teixeira Andrade  Giulia Stefania Aloise  Maria Bernadete Silvarolla  Wallace Gonçalves  Oliveiro Guerreiro Filho 《Euphytica》2017,213(8):196

Arabica coffee production is based on highly productive cultivars; however, these cultivars are susceptible to infestation by several biotic agents, including root-knot nematodes. Collections of wild Coffea arabica germplasm represent an important source of genetic variability for resistant cultivar development. In this study, 1046 plants derived from 71 wild coffee trees were evaluated with respect to Meloidogyne paranaensis resistance. In addition to information on plants reactions, we also evaluated the genetic parameters related to resistance. Progenies from the five most promising plants were also evaluated regarding resistance to M. incognita and M. exigua. The yield potential of selected plants was estimated through analysis of data for fruits harvested in 4 different years. Forty-seven plants were considered resistant based on reproduction factor values. The estimated heritability was high for all analyzed variables leading to substantial selection gain, mainly at the progeny mean level. On the basis of heritabilities and genetic correlations, we conclude that selection could be performed based on values of the gall and egg mass index. However, higher genetic gain could be obtained based on nematode count variables. A second experiment confirmed the reactions of the selected five plants to M. paranaensis, and multiple resistance was detected in three of them. The resistant accessions also have yield potential.  相似文献   

Upper digestive tract abnormalities in dogs with chronic idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis     

Paola Gianella  Silvia Roncone  Ugo Ala  Enrico Bottero  Federica Cagnasso  Giulia Cagnotti  Claudio Bellino 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(5):1845-1852

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Effects of tramadol and o‐desmethyltramadol on canine innate immune system function          下载免费PDF全文

Sandra M Axiak‐Bechtel  Kaoru Tsuruta  Juliana Amorim  Rebecca Donaldson  Giulia Lino  Allyson Honaker  Farrah Monibi  John Dodam  Amy DeClue 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2015,42(3):260-268

ObjectiveTramadol is a commonly used opioid analgesic in dogs, particularly in dogs with a compromised immune system. An opioid may be selected for its immunomodulatory effects. Consequently, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tramadol on immune system function by evaluating the effect of tramadol and o-desmethyltramadol (M1) on the function of canine leukocytes in vitro. The hypothesis was that tramadol and M1 would not alter polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) phagocytosis, PMN oxidative burst, or stimulated leukocyte cytokine production capacity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10.Study designIn vitro pharmacodynamic study.AnimalsSix healthy dogs.MethodsBlood from six dogs was obtained and incubated with various concentrations of tramadol and M1. Phagocytosis and oxidative burst were assessed using flow cytometry, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan (PG)-stimulated leukocyte production of TNF, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured using a canine specific multiplex assay.ResultsNo differences were detected in phagocytosis or oxidative burst with any drug concentration. Tramadol did not alter leukocyte cytokine production, however, M1 significantly blunted IL-10 production.ConclusionsTramadol and its metabolite M1 were sparing to PMN phagocytosis and oxidative burst in dogs in vitro. Tramadol did not alter leukocyte cytokine production, however, M1 blunted IL-10 production at clinically achievable concentrations suggesting that M1 may promote a proinflammatory shift.Clinical relevanceThese data suggest that tramadol has minimal effect on phagocytosis and oxidative burst, and may promote a proinflammatory shift. Therefore, tramadol may be an ideal opioid analgesic in dogs at high risk of infection. Further investigation in vivo is warranted.  相似文献