A comparison of the fatty acid profiles of adult tissues,and newly hatched,fed and starved Lysmata amboinensis larvae     

Vasiliki Tziouveli  Greg G Smith 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(4):577-587

This study evaluated the lipid content and fatty acid (FA) profile of the hepatopancreas, ovaries and tail muscle of Lysmata amboinensis broodstock, as well as newly hatched larvae subjected to a period of starvation or feed from hatch to Zoea 2. The hepatopancreas had a high lipid content, confirming its role as a process and storage organ in L. amboinensis. Lipids were also a major component of ovarian dry weight, in agreement with reports on other crustaceans during maturation. The tail muscle, being a functional rather than a storage organ, contained low total lipids and was the tissue that closely resembled the FA profile of the newly hatched larvae. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) were the most abundant components of the lipid profiles in broodstock and larvae. The HUFAs docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic were preferentially retained during nutritional stress, confirming their importance for marine cleaner shrimp during early larval development. It appeared polyunsaturated fatty acid and HUFA requirements were met through the larval diet. The SFAs stearic and palmitic were abundant in adult tissues and larvae, whereas monounsaturated fatty acids may have been preferentially catabolized to meet energetic and metabolic larval requirements.  相似文献   

Efficacy of vaporised ethyl formate/carbon dioxide formulation against stored‐grain insects: effect of fumigant concentration,exposure time and two grain temperatures     

Katherine A Damcevski  Greg Dojchinov  James D Woodman  Victoria S Haritos 《Pest management science》2010,66(4):432-438

BACKGROUND: The ethyl formate/carbon dioxide (CO₂) formulation Vapormate? is a rapid‐acting fumigant being developed for the control of stored‐grain insects. The effects have been investigated of concentration, exposure times of 1, 3, 24 and 72 h and two grain temperatures, 15 and 25 °C, on its efficacy against mixed‐stage cultures of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and strongly phosphine‐resistant Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) strain QRD569. RESULTS: High mortalities (≥92%) of mixed‐stage cultures of all three species were obtained when grain was fumigated with the formulation (193 g m^?3 ethyl formate) for 1 h. Complete control of R. dominica QRD569 and T. castaneum was achieved with 63 and 76 g m^?3 ethyl formate respectively, with exposure for 24 h, whereas mean mortality of S. oryzae was 86% under the same conditions. Mortalities of S. oryzae juvenile stages were significantly lower than adults under the conditions tested, which was due to pronounced tolerance of mid‐stage pupae to the fumigant. Reducing grain temperature from 25 to 15 °C had no effect on insect mortality. CONCLUSION: Ethyl formate/CO₂ formulation is highly effective against stored‐grain insects over a range of concentrations and exposure times. Efficacious fumigations were conducted in as little as 1 h, and a strongly phosphine‐resistant R. dominica strain was readily controlled with the fumigant. Copyright © 2009 CSIRO, Australia. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd  相似文献   

Walking the tightrope     

Harasen G 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2010,51(10):1167-1168

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Veterinary orthopedic society 2010     

Harasen G 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2010,51(12):1423-1424

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Regenerative medicine. CIRM: the good, the bad, and the ugly     

Miller G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6012):1742-1743

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Compaction characteristics of barley, canola, oat and wheat straw   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Phani Adapa  Lope Tabil  Greg Schoenau   《Biosystems Engineering》2009,104(3):335-344

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An assessment of the effectiveness of a large,national-scale invasive alien plant control strategy in South Africa     

Brian W. van Wilgen  Greg G. Forsyth  David C. Le Maitre  Andrew Wannenburgh  Johann D.F. Kotzé  Elna van den Berg  Lesley Henderson 《Biological conservation》2012,148(1):28-38

This paper presents an assessment of a large, national-scale alien plant control program that has operated in South Africa for 15 years. We reviewed data from three national-level estimates of the extent of invasion, records of the costs and spatial extent of invasive species control operations, assessments of the effectiveness of biological control, and smaller-scale studies. The 19 most important invasive taxa, mainly trees, in terrestrial biomes were identified. The effectiveness of control efforts on the extent of invasion of these taxa was assessed. Control costs over 15 years amounted to 3.2 billion rands (US$457 million), more than half of which was spent on 10 taxa, the most prominent being in the genera Acacia, Prosopis, Pinus and Eucalyptus. Despite substantial spending, control operations were in many cases applied to a relatively small portion of the estimated invaded area, and invasions appear to have increased, and remain a serious threat, in many biomes. Our findings suggest that South Africa’s national-scale strategy to clear invasive alien plants should be substantially modified if impacts are to be effectively mitigated. Rather than attempting to control all species, and to operate in all areas, a more focused approach is called for. This would include prioritising both the species and the areas, and setting goals and monitoring the degree to which they are achieved, within a framework of adaptive management. A greater portion of funding should also be directed towards biological control, where successes have been most notable.  相似文献   

Conservation cornerstones: Capitalising on the endeavours of long-term monitoring projects     

Greg J. Holland  Jerry S.A. Alexander  Peter Johnson  Andrew H. Arnold  Merril Halley  Andrew F. Bennett 《Biological conservation》2012,145(1):95-101

Ecological monitoring is widely used to measure change through time in ecosystems. The current extinction crisis has resulted in a wealth of monitoring programs focussed on tracking the status of threatened species, and the perceived importance of monitoring has seen it become the cornerstone of many biodiversity conservation programs. However, many monitoring programs fail to produce useful outcomes due to inherent flaws. Here we use a monitoring program from south-eastern Australia as a case study to illustrate the potential of such endeavours. The threatened carnivorous marsupial, the brush-tailed phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa), has been monitored at various locations between 2000 and 2010. We present strong evidence for a decline in relative abundance during this period, and also describe relationships with environmental variables. These results provide insights likely to be valuable in guiding future management of the species. In the absence of the monitoring program, informed management would not be possible. While early detection of population declines is important, knowledge of the processes driving such declines is required for effective intervention. We argue that monitoring programs will be most effective as a tool for enhanced conservation management if they test specific hypotheses relating to changes in population trajectories. Greater emphasis should be placed on rigorous statistical analysis of monitoring datasets in order to capitalise on the resources devoted to monitoring activities. Many datasets are likely to exist for which careful analysis of results would have benefits for determining management directions.  相似文献   

Groups want national henhousing law     

Cima G 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2011,239(5):558-559

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Neb. deal to create market project, avert ballot initiative     

Cima G 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2011,239(12):1530

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