Evaluating the microbial effects of stocking freshwater snails (Physa gyrina) in water reuse systems culturing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)     

John Davidson  Carol Zygar Plautz  Casey Grimm  Niels O.G. Jørgensen  Raju Podduturi  Clayton Raines 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2019,31(2):97-120

A study was conducted to analyze the effects of snails (Physa gyrina) on biofilm, bacterial abundance, off-flavor-producing bacteria, and off-flavor compounds in reuse aquaculture systems culturing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Eight experimental-scale systems were used, including four with and without snails. Mean heterotrophic bacteria counts in water were lower (P < 0.05) in systems with snails. Submerged surfaces of sumps containing snails were nearly biofilm-free, while sumps without snails were coated with biofilm. Geosmin levels in trout fillets from snail-stocked systems were generally lower but not statistically different from the controls. Rainbow trout health and performance was not affected by snail presence.  相似文献   

Use of standard toxicity tests with Typhlodromus pyri and Aphidius rhopalosiphi to establish a dose-response relationship     

C. Grimm  H. Schmidli  F. Bakker  K. Brown  P. Campbell  M. Candolfi  P. Chapman  E. G. Harrison  M. Mead-Briggs  R. Schmuck  A. Ufer 《Journal of pest science》2001,74(3):72-84

The existing standardised test systems for assessing the toxicity of crop protection products to the non-target arthropods Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and Aphidius rhopalosiphi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) are limit tests designed to compare a single-use rate of the product with a water control. The suitability of these test systems for generating dose-response data as required for refined ecotoxicological risk assessment was evaluated. Data on dose-response toxicity of crop protection products to T. pyri and A. rhopalosiphi were generated under worst-case laboratory and to T. pyri under extended laboratory conditions and analysed using the standard Probit method, a logistic regression, a generalised Probit analysis, and the moving average-angle method in order to calculate the LR₅₀-values (application rate killing 50?% of the exposed organisms). The fit of the models, the precision of the resulting LR₅₀ values, and the required minimum number of replicates were compared. In 85?% of the studies, at least one of the statistical methods led to satisfactory results. The moving average-angle method was the most widely applicable method. The results show that the existing guidelines can be used to perform dose-response tests. Implications for risk assessment are discussed.  相似文献   

Research funding. Philip Morris pulls the plug on controversial research program     

Grimm D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5867):1173

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Alternative methods: development and use of two "in vitro" models for endocrine studies     

G E Bestetti  C E Boujon  D K Tontis  U Forster  S Grimm  G L Rossi 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》1989,131(9):537-545

Most endocrinological studies are normally performed on several animal groups: one group for the determination of hormonal levels in tissues and plasma under basal conditions, a second group for the same determinations after "in vivo" treatment of the animals (stimulation or inhibition of the endocrine activities) and two additional groups for morphological investigations. Surgical approaches belong not rarely to the "in vivo" treatment of the animals. Moreover, the results from the different animal groups have to be extrapolated. In order to overcome these drawbacks, we have developed two "in vitro" models by means of which we can study on the tissues from the same animal: 1. function and structure of the hypothalamus and 2. function and structure of isolated pituitary cells. By using these models we can considerably reduce the number of animals needed for the studies, replace the "in vivo" by the "in vitro" experiments and refine the methods avoiding, among others, the extrapolation of results.  相似文献   

A core set of microsatellite markers for conservation genetics studies of Korean goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) and its cross-species amplification in Caprinae species     

Junghwa An  Sung-Kyoung Choi  Julie Sommer  Edward Louis  Jr  Rick Brenneman  Barbora Zemanov��  Petra H��jkov��  Grimm Park  Mi-Sook Min  Kyung-Seok Kim  Hang Lee 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2010,11(4):351-353

In order to screen microsatellites for conservation genetics studies of the species, a total of 23 microsatellite loci from Korean goral (Naemorhedus caudatus), including 15 previously developed loci and 8 new loci in this study, were tested. Eleven microsatellites were screened and subjected to cross-species amplification using a test panel of four Caprinae species, Japanese serows (Capricornis crispus), Chinese gorals (Naemorhedus goral), Northern chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) and domestic goats (Capra hircus). In addition, all eleven microsatellites (SY3A, SY12A, SY12B, SY48, SY58, SY71, SY76, SY84, SY84B, SY112, and SY129) satisfied the criteria to be a core set of microsatellites. This core set of microsatellites and cross-species amplification of Korean goral microsatellites were found to be helpful for high-resolution studies for conservation and management of Korean goral and other endangered Caprinae species.  相似文献   

Sexual differentiation of copulatory behaviour in the male chick requires gonadal steroids     

N Sayag  N Snapir  E Arnon  M E el Halawani  V E Grimm  B Robinzon 《British poultry science》1991,32(3):607-617

1. Embryonic injections of 0.3 mg/egg of tamoxifen (TAM), 0.2 mg/egg CI-628 (both antioestrogens), 0.5 mg/egg (ATD (aromatisation inhibitor), or antibodies to oestradiol (E), all suppressed male copulatory activity (MCA) in young male chicks. 2. Embryonic injections with either flutamide (F, androgen antagonist) or high dose of antibodies to testosterone (T) only slightly suppressed MCA. 3. TAM had no effect on embryonic plasma LH levels, 24 and 48 h after injection. 4. It seems that at the embryonic stage oestradiol is required for the normal differentiation of MCA.  相似文献   

Canine leishmaniosis in Central Europe: retrospective survey and serological study of imported and travelling dogs     

Mettler M  Grimm F  Naucke TJ  Maasjost C  Deplazes P 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,118(1-2):37-44

Canine leishmaniosis is a common parasitic disease in Central Europe affecting dogs imported or returning from endemic countries around the Mediterranean basin. Through an internet discussion forum owners of dogs with suspected or proven leishmaniosis living in Central Europe (D, A, CH), were questioned about the dog's history. Additionally, serologic examinations of the dogs for anti-Leishmania antibodies (ELISA using antigen of promastigote stages) were offered to the participants. From February to October 2003, 291 dogs imported or returning from Southern Europe (Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, France, Malta, Portugal and others) were analysed. Serologically, 111 dogs (38%) were classified positive; 103 being imported and eight travelling dogs. The majority of seropositive dogs originated from Spain (67%). No significant correlation could be established between race, sex and age and the incidence of the disease. The clinical symptoms in the seropositive dogs varied widely and ranged from mild general symptoms to visceral manifestations with chronic renal failure. Skin disorders were found in 78% of the seropositive, symptomatic animals. In the country of origin or after import or return, 174 out of 291 dogs (60%) had been tested for the presence of anti-Leishmania antibodies by different immunofluorescence antibody tests (IFAT). Discrepancies between the ELISA and the various IFATs used were noted in 55 cases (32%), especially in cases of low IFAT titers. Most of the seropositive dogs (80%) had been treated against leishmaniosis. In 91% of these cases, Allopurinol as monotherapy or in combination with Glucantime had been used. For diagnostics and therapy, dog owners had spent an average of 1,100 euros (median 900 euros, maximum 5,800 euros).  相似文献   

New perceptions in the area of insemination of domestic fowl using deep frozen sperm     

D Rohloff  R Grimm  U Bielefeldt  H J Kl?ss 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1987,94(8):446-447

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The Composition of Northern Pike (Esox lucius L.) Populations in Four Shallow Waters in the Netherlands, with Special Reference to Factors Influencing 0+ Pike Biomass     

M. P. Grimm 《Aquaculture Research》1981,12(2):61-76

The composition and abundance of Northern pike (Esox lucius L.) populations in four shallow waters was monitored during a 4–5 year period, using mark-recapture methods. In general, the populations were sampled by using a combination of fishing gear but pike that completed their first growing season (0+ pike) are captured quantitatively by electrofishing (3 kw, DC) exclusively. Within the length range of 0–54 cm fork length, the biomasses of 0+ pike appeared to be negatively correlated with those of larger pike. It is suggested that intraspecific predation is mainly responsible for these relations. The standing stock of <54-cm pike was found to be determined by the amount of aquatic vegetation and more especially so if the different habitat preference of 0+ pike, 0+ < pike < 41 cm and 41 cm ≤ pike < 54 cm was taken into account.  相似文献   

Bose-Einstein condensation of molecules     

Jochim S  Bartenstein M  Altmeyer A  Hendl G  Riedl S  Chin C  Hecker Denschlag J  Grimm R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5653):2101-2103

We report on the Bose-Einstein condensation of more than 10(5) Li2 molecules in an optical trap starting from a spin mixture of fermionic lithium atoms. During forced evaporative cooling, the molecules are formed by three-body recombination near a Feshbach resonance and finally condense in a long-lived thermal equilibrium state. We measured the characteristic frequency of a collective excitation mode and demonstrated the magnetic field-dependent mean field by controlled condensate spilling.  相似文献