Effects of arrangement of surge-rootirrigation emitters on growth,yield andwater use efficiency of apple trees     

LI Zhongjie  FEI Liangjun  HAO Kun  LIU Teng  CHEN Nanshu  ZHANG Quanju  HUANG Deliang 《排灌机械工程学报》2020,38(7):713-719

Six-year old apple trees were selected for field experiment. The objective of this study was to obtain the reasonable arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters in apple orchards. There were three factors: the buried depth H( 25,40,55 cm),the horizontal distance L( 30,40,60 cm) between the emitters and the trunk of the experimental tree,and the number of the irrigation emitters N( 1,2,4). The effect of the arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters on the growth,yield and irrigation water use efficiency( IWUE) of apple trees were studied in Northern Shaanxi where the irrigation quota takes 60%-75% of the field water capacity. The results showed that the arrangement of emitters for surge-root irrigation had a significant effect on apple tree yield and IWUE,especially,the yield and IWUE reached 28 388. 17 kg/hm2 and 16. 83 kg/m3 in treatment T3,respectively. At the same L and N levels( T1,T2,and T3),the yield and IWUE in treatment T3 were the highest,and the yields in treatments T1 and T2 were decreased by 26.22% and 31.48%,while IWUE is reduced by14.02% and 18.12% compared with T3,respectively. At the same H and N levels( T3,T4,and T5),the yield and IWUE of apple trees were decreased with increasing L level. Especially,when L was 30 cm( T3),the yield and IWUE were the highest. The same L and H levels( T3,T6,and T7) could promote the growth of apple trees when N was 2( T3). Compared with treatment T3,it was found that the increment of new shoots was decreased by 8.07%-18.71%,and the fruit diameter was decreased by 5.41%-9.11%. Therefore,two emitters should be arranged symmetrically on both sides of an apple tree,each was buried at a 40 cm depth and 30 cm away from the trunk of the tree to effectively improve the yield and IWUE of the apple tree in mountainous areas in Northern Shaanxi.  相似文献   

滑动轴承在农业机械中的使用与维护     

张凯  郝静  李漫江 《农机化研究》2007,(11):74-76

轴承主要用来支承轴及轴上零件,并保持轴的旋转精度和减少转轴与支承之间的摩擦和磨损.为此,探讨了滑动轴承的工作原理、常见故障类型及采取的防范措施,针对故障原因对滑动轴承进行日常维护,为推动轴承在农业机械中的合理使用和维护提供参考依据.  相似文献   

基于图素拼装原型的轴类零件参数化设计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郝秀清 《农机化研究》2002,(1):81-82,87

阐述了在轴类零件的设计中，以图素拼装原理为基础实现参数化设计的原理和方法；探讨了利用图素拼装原理，将轴类零件设计中重复出现的具有相同结构和功能的几何形体提取出来，作为基本图素的参数化绘图系统，使用该系统，可以大大提高设计速度及图形处理效率。  相似文献   

新型耕作制度下的吉林省农业机械作业模式     

郝庆升 《农机化研究》2006,(8):14-17

鉴于吉林省农业生产的特点,“良种、良法 机械”的农业技术取向已成共识,即应该把良种培育、耕作栽培方法和机械化作为技术重点。后二者的关系非常密切,好的耕作方法要通过一定的机械手段来实施,新型耕作制度要求有新的农业机械作业模式与之相适应。为此,在总结传统与现代农业耕作制度下的生产作业模式的基础上,探索了新耕作制度条件下的吉林省农业机械作业模式。  相似文献   

我国农业可持续发展面临的生态环境问题及对策   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15  

李子田  郝瑞彬  沈方 《农机化研究》2006,(1):21-24

对我国农业可持续发展中所面临的水土流失、荒漠化、水资源短缺、自然灾害频繁发生等生态问题,化肥污染、农药污染、畜禽养殖污染、农膜污染等面源污染问题以及乡镇工业污染和农村生活污染等问题进行了简要论述;并针对存在的问题,提出了发展绿色农业产业、加强农村环境立法、加强脆弱生态系统的保护管理等几点对策和建议。  相似文献   

唐山市耕地资源现状与可持续利用对策分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

沈方  李子田  郝瑞彬 《农机化研究》2006,(7):22-24

唐山市是一个以重工业为主的老工业城市。近年来,由于城市化的发展以及其他不合理的开发利用,再加上水土流失、工业废物排放、农药化肥的大量使用、不合理的灌溉方式及自然灾害等直接影响了耕地资源的有效、持续利用,使得唐山市的耕地资源大量减少,质量严重下降。为此,就唐山市耕地资源出现的问题进行了初步探讨,分析了产生问题的原因,提出了耕地资源可持续利用的对策。  相似文献   

MicroRNA-9-5p mediates sympathetic overactivity by targeting KCNN3 in paraventricular nucleus of rats with T2D     

XU Jia-qi  AN Mei-ling  YUAN Yue  HAO Yi-fan  WANG Xiu-wen  ZHANG Min  WEI Xiao-wei  LI Hua  WANG Ren-jun 《园艺学报》2021,36(12):2148-2158

AIM To investigate whether microRNA-9-5p （miR-9-5p） mediates sympathetic overactivity by targeting KCNN3 （potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily N, member 3） gene,which encoded small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel 3 （SK3） protein, in paraventricular nucleus （PVN） of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2D）. METHODS A rat model of T2D was established by high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg streptozotocin. The levels of miR-9-5p and KCNN3 mRNA in PVN were detected by real-time PCR. The relationship between KCNN3 and miR-9-5p was predicted by TargetScan. Recombinant adeno-associated virus （rAAV）-miR-9-5p or KCNN3 were bilaterally microinjected into the PVN to observe the changes in plasma glucose levels and sympathetic drive indicators. The number of FosB and SK3 positive cells was measured by immunofluorescence staining. The protein expression of SK3 was determined by Western blot. The relationship between KCNN3 and miR-9-5p were confirmed by cell transfection and dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Compared with the rats in diabetes control （DC） group, the blood glucose, sympathetic drive indexes and the level of miR-9-5p in PVN were significantly increased, while the SK3 expression in PVN was obviously reduced in the diabetes mellitus （DM） rats. After microinjecion of rAAV-miR-9-5p in PVN, the sympathetic drive indexes, blood glucose, and the number of FosB-positive cells were increased significantly, but the SK3 protein expression was significantly reduced （P<0.05）. However, up-regulation of KCNN3 in PVN had the opposite effect. These responses were obviously enhanced in DM rats compared with DC rats. The results of cell transfection and dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-9-5p bound to the 3’-UTR of KCNN3 and inhibit its expression. CONCLUSION miR-9-5p was up-regulated in PVN of the rats with T2D, and it may mediate sympathoexcitation by targeting KCNN3.  相似文献   

‘福山包头’大白菜叶柄黑点病发生特点及抗性分析     

张丽莉  王虹云  李涛  曹守军  张中华  郝彦玲 《北方园艺》2021,(7):1-7

以‘福山包头’大白菜为试材,利用田间调查、显微观察和叶片离体培养的方法,对‘福山包头’系列大白菜叶柄黑点病的发生特点及抗性进行了研究,以期为改善‘福山包头’大白菜抗病性及新品种选育提供参考依据。结果表明:(1)大白菜叶柄黑点病主要发生于叶柄表皮细胞且起始于细胞周质或细胞壁,该病可发生于大白菜的整个生育期,且进入包心期后发展较快;(2)氮素能诱导叶柄黑点病的发生,且铵态氮较硝态氮诱导效果更明显;(3)氮素浓度与叶柄黑点病的发病程度呈正相关,但氮素并不是影响叶柄黑点病发生的唯一因素;(4)‘福山包头’系列大白菜种质资源中,‘福东2号’‘福山82’对叶柄黑点病的抗性较强,‘福小87-13-13’‘皱福’的抗性较弱。  相似文献   

四季秋海棠炭疽病菌生物学特性及生防因子的筛选     

张宝清  翟雅鑫  薛丽芳  曹挥  郝晓娟 《北方园艺》2021,(10):66-71

以四季秋海棠炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum truncatum)为试验材料,采用菌落生长法和孢子萌发法,研究了不同培养条件对四季秋海棠炭疽病菌菌落生长和孢子萌发的影响;采用生长速率法研究了14种植物提取物对四季秋海棠炭疽病菌的抑制作用,以期明确该病原菌生物学特性,筛选对其具有抑菌活性的植物提取物,为该病害的防治提供参考依据.结果 表明:最适宜该病原菌菌丝生长的温度为25～30℃,pH 7,最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为硝酸钠和甘氨酸.分生孢子萌发的最适温度是30～35℃,pH 6～7.丁香、石菖蒲、蛇床子提取物在2.0 mg·mL-1浓度下对菌丝生长具有较好的抑制作用,菌丝生长抑制率分别为100％、92％和90％,其它植物提取物抑制率在20％～85％.  相似文献   

6个枣品种枣疯病抗性与枣疯植原体迁移特性差异研究     

郝新迪  路瑾瑾  代丽珍  张铁强  王进忠  王龙  郭家洛  任争光  王建文 《果树学报》2021,(4):560-568

【目的】探究6个枣树品种枣疯病抗性差异以及枣树体内植原体迁移特性差异,为抗枣疯病枣树品种的选择利用以及枣疯病的防治提供基础数据。【方法】通过采集携带植原体的鸡心脆枣接穗,嫁接到健康枣树砧木上,采用田间调查与普通PCR技术相结合方法,比较不同品种抗枣疯病情况与植原体在不同枣树品种中迁移情况。【结果】不同枣树品种发病时间不同,发病率差异显著,蜂蜜罐枣、尜尜枣和猴头枣为抗病类型,冬枣、红螺脆枣和鸡心脆枣为感病类型。植原体在不同枣树品种中迁移速度不同,植原体在鸡心脆枣和冬枣内迁移速度最快,其后依次为蜂蜜罐枣、红螺脆枣、尜尜枣,在猴头枣内迁移速度最慢。【结论】6个枣树品种中蜂蜜罐枣、尜尜枣和猴头枣表现一定的抗病能力,初步确认了植原体在不同枣树品种体内迁移特征的差异,可为抗枣疯病品种的选择利用和枣疯病防治提供科学依据。  相似文献