自清洗生物滤器的发展现状与趋势     

张成林  徐皓  倪琦  张宇雷 《渔业现代化》2010,37(3):25-29

自清洗生物滤器作为生物处理设备中的最新技术,对工厂化养殖水处理系统的节能和高效具有重要作用.本文主要介绍以流化床生物滤器、移动床生物滤器、微珠生物滤器等为代表的生物过滤装备,分析其工作原理、性能、结构特点以及这些设施中存在的缺点和不足,并根据国外最新发展情况对自清洗生物滤器的应用前景作出展望.  相似文献   

青岛文昌鱼自然保护区营养盐时空分布特征及富营养化评价          下载免费PDF全文

王昊  辛梅  陈碧鹃  朱琳  夏斌  张艳  孙雪梅  陈聚法  曲克明 《渔业科学进展》2019,40(5):34-41

本研究分析了2017年9月(夏季)和11月(秋季)青岛市文昌鱼(Branchidermus fasciatus)水生野生动物市级自然保护区营养盐含量的季节变化和平面分布,并对该海域进行了富营养化评价。研究结果显示,2017年溶解无机氮(DIN)平均含量夏季高于秋季,NO_(2-)N、NH_(4-)N平均含量分别是秋季的1.98倍、1.44倍,而NO_(3-)N和PO_(4-)P平均含量低于秋季,分别是秋季的88.8%和47.6%。夏季DIN总体水平优于海水一类标准值,PO_(4-)P总体水平优于海水一类标准值;秋季DIN总体水平优于海水一类标准值,PO_(4-)P总体水平劣于海水一类标准值。从水平分布来看,夏季海水的DIN浓度分布趋势大致呈核心区实验区缓冲区的趋势;秋季海水的DIN浓度分布呈缓冲区实验区核心区。夏季N/P比值略高于Redfield比值,而秋季N/P比值较低于Redfield比值,DIN相对缺乏。根据潜在性富营养化评价模式,2017年保护区海域夏季和秋季营养水平较低,均属于贫营养水平。  相似文献   

鱼类生殖细胞移植的研究进展及应用前景     

叶欢  危起伟  徐冬冬  岳华梅  竹内裕  阮瑞  杜浩  李创举 《水产学报》2020,44(2):321-337

生殖细胞移植是指将供体的生殖细胞移植到同种或异种受体体内,供体生殖细胞嵌合到受体性腺,经过增殖、分化并最终发育为功能性配子的过程。作为辅助生殖技术,它不仅为珍稀濒危动物的繁育和保护提供了新途径,同时也为生殖干细胞的功能研究提供了有效手段。鱼类生殖细胞移植研究首先在模式鱼类斑马鱼中开展,经过十多年的发展,取得了一系列突破性的进展:主要包括先后建立了以胚胎、仔鱼和成鱼为受体的生殖细胞移植体系,精原和卵原干细胞的发现拓宽了供体生殖细胞的选择,受体的选择与制备方法的完善。该技术在缩短鱼类性成熟周期、性控育种、珍稀濒危鱼类保护等方面具有巨大的应用前景,已成功在多种淡水和海水鱼类中开展了研究和应用。本文结合作者的研究实践和经验,系统地梳理和总结了鱼类生殖细胞移植的研究进展,指出了该技术实践应用的关键问题,并探讨了其应用前景。  相似文献   

立式双曲面网板水动力性能及流场可视化研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘志强  许柳雄  唐浩  胡夫祥  周成  陈明鑫 《水产学报》2020,44(8):1360-1370

网板是拖网作业系统中重要的属具之一,其水动力性能的优劣直接关系到拖网网口的扩张,并影响其生产效果和经济效益。采用单因素试验法,利用水槽模型试验和数值模拟(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)研究立式双曲面模型网板在不同展弦比λ(2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0)、弯曲度f/C(10%、15%、20%)、后退角Λ(0°、10°、15°)下的水动力性能,分析不同结构参数的网板水动力性能,对比两种方法的结果,并实现网板周围流场可视化。结果显示:①2号网板(λ=3.0、f/C=15%、Λ=10°)升力系数最大,冲角25°时,模型试验值为1.70,数值模拟值为1.88,阻力系数随冲角增大一直增大,且后部流速的模拟值和测定值平均偏差为4.40%,两种方法获得的结果吻合度高。②2号网板在流场分布中边界层分离点随冲角增大逐渐向翼端前沿移动,中心面后部涡旋随冲角增大一直增大,左翼板侧低压区随冲角增大呈先增大后减小趋势,网板尾部随冲角增大形成明显的翼端涡,产生涡升力对网板提供附加升力,使得立式双曲面网板比其他类型网板有较高升力。  相似文献   

濒危中华鲟人工群体的繁殖生物学   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

罗江  杜浩  危起伟  张辉  乔新美  熊伟  刘志刚  冷小茜  吴金平  沈丽  王成友  吴金明  张书环  周琼  刘源  王科兵 《中国水产科学》2020,27(3):269-276

以1998―2008年孵出的子一代(F1)中华鲟(Acipensersinensis)为材料,研究了人工养殖中华鲟的繁殖生物学特征。结果表明:年龄10～20龄的492尾人工养殖子一代中华鲟体重为30～169 kg,体长为140～258 cm,肥满度为0.77～1.26,体长(L)与体重(W)之间的关系式为W=1×10~(–5)L~(2.9658) (R~2=0.9076,n=492)。74尾中华鲟性腺发育成熟,成熟比例为15.04%,成熟个体中雄鱼体重[(60.73±14.53)kg]和体长[(172.27±13.46)cm]均小于雌鱼体重[(88.39±29.14)kg]和体长[(193.37±18.90) cm];雄鱼最小性成熟年龄为10龄,平均为(14.96±1.93)龄,雌鱼最小成熟年龄为12龄,平均为(17.84±1.80)龄。雄鱼催产成功率为76.36%,精子快速运动时间为(49.11±13.38) s,精子寿命为(220.75±56.47)s;雌鱼催产成功率为57.89%,产卵量为(13.43±6.79)万粒,卵径(3.97±0.15)mm,卵重(0.046±0.013)g,受精率为(42.72±27.82)%,孵化率为(51.61±32.41)%,出苗量为(4.44±5.67)万尾。与野生中华鲟相比,人工养殖中华鲟成熟个体体格、繁殖力和繁殖效果均有下降趋势,人工保种面临挑战。  相似文献   

Effects of a highly purified fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida on growth performance and intestine health status of gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio     

Hao Cui  Zhaoguang Wang  Jun Liu  Yexiaoxu Wang  Zhenxing Wang  Jianping Fu  Zhenyu Wan  Ruodan Li  Qingwen Li  Janet Helen Fitton  Yi Liu  Ming Zhang 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(1):47-59

A six‐week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of different concentrations of fucoidan (1 g/kg, 10 g/kg and 30 g/kg; w/w) from Undaria pinnatifida on gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Our results demonstrated that 30 g/kg fucoidan significantly increased (p < .05) growth performance, intestinal digestive enzyme activities, acid phosphatase activity and immunoglobulin M content. Histological examinations revealed that gibel carp receiving 30 g/kg fucoidan had significant higher abundance of mucin‐containing goblet cells in middle and distal intestine as compared with control treatment (p < .05). Intestinal microbiota analysis showed that 30 g/kg fucoidan supplementation significantly increased (p < .05) the abundance of Cetobacterium and Aeromonas, but lowered (p < .05) the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria Plesiomonas and a mucin‐degrading bacterium Mucinivorans. Furthermore, RNA‐seq and RT‐qPCR analysis indicated that 30 g/kg fucoidan caused significant changes (p < .05) in the expression of genes involved in immune regulation (such as interleukin‐8 and cyclooxygenase), signal transduction (such as phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase and protein kinase B) and nutrition utilization (maltase–glucoamylase and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 3). Together, the current study shows that fucoidan supplementation could elevate the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes, modulate intestinal microbial communities and potentiate a higher state of immune readiness, which might consequently improve growth performance and intestine health status of gibel carp.  相似文献   

Effects of fish meal replacement by low‐gossypol cottonseed meal on growth performance,digestive enzyme activity,intestine histology and inflammatory gene expression of silver sillago (Sillago sihama Forsskál) (1775)     

Hao Liu  Xiaohui Dong  Beiping Tan  Tao Du  Shuang Zhang  Yuanzhi Yang  Shuyan Chi  Qihui Yang  Hongyu Liu 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(5):1724-1735

A 56‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, inflammatory genes expression and intestine histology of silver sillago, Sillago sihama (Forsskål 1775), by replacing fish meal (FM) with low‐gossypol cottonseed meal (LCSM). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated, including R0 group (control, containing 550.0 g/kg FM), R16 group (88.5 g/kg LCSM and 461.5 g/kg FM), R32 group (177.0 g/kg LCSM and 373.0 g/kg FM), R48 group (265.5 g/kg LCSM and 284.5 g/kg FM) and R64 group (354.0 g/kg LCSM and 196.0 g/kg FM). Fish fed R0 and R16 groups had a significantly higher weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) than R48 and R64 groups (p < .05). In contrast to whole‐body crude protein, whole‐body moisture increased with the FM level of substitution (p < .05). With the increased amount of LCSM in the diet, the activity of intestinal amylase (AMS) increased significantly (p < .05), and intestinal trypsin (TRP) decreased (p < .05). Dietary LCSM substitution upregulated the expression of intestinal tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), the nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB), and interleukin one beta (IL‐1β), but downregulated tight junction proteins ZO‐1(ZO‐1), transforming growth factor beta‐3 (TGF‐β3) and interleukin 10 (IL‐10) expression. Histological analysis revealed progressive morphological damage to the mid‐intestine with higher levels of FM replacement. These results showed that 88.5 g/kg (16%) of FM replaced by LCSM with amino acids (methionine and lysine) supplementation did not significantly reduce growth compared with FM‐based control.  相似文献   

Long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in carnivorous marine teleosts: Insight into the profile of endogenous biosynthesis in golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus     

Shuqi Wang  Meng Wang  Hao Zhang  Xin Yan  Haoji Guo  Cuihong You  Douglas R. Tocher  Cuiying Chen  Yuanyou Li 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):623-635

Golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus is an important farmed carnivorous marine teleost. Although some enzymes for long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC‐PUFA) biosynthesis have been identified, the ability of T. ovatus for endogenous biosynthesis is unknown. Here, we evaluated in vivo LC‐PUFA synthesis in a 56‐day culture experiment using six diets (D1–D6) formulated with linseed and soybean oils to produce dietary linolenic/linoleic acid (ALA/LA) ratios ranging from 0.14 to 2.20. The control diet (D0) used fish oil as lipid source. The results showed that, compared with the corresponding indices of fish fed D0, the weight gain rate and specific growth rate as well as the contents of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids in tissues (liver, muscle, brain and eye) of D1–D6 groups were significantly lower (p < .05). These data suggested that T. ovatus could not synthesize LC‐PUFA from C₁₈ PUFA or such ability was very low. However, tissue levels of 20:4n‐3 in fish fed diets D1–D6 were higher than that of D0 fish (p < .05), and positively correlated with dietary ALA/LA ratio, while levels of EPA showed no difference among the D1–D6 groups. These results indicated that Δ5 desaturation, required for the conversion of 20:4n‐3 to EPA, may be lacking or very low, suggesting incomplete LC‐PUFA biosynthesis ability in T. ovatus.  相似文献   

Effect of hydroxyproline supplementation on growth performance,body composition,amino acid profiles,blood‐biochemistry and collagen synthesis of juvenile chu's croaker (Nibea coibor)     

Hua Rong  Yunlong Zhang  Meilin Hao  Fan Lin  Weiguang Zou  Haoran Zhang  Chuanqi Yu  Jun Yu  Qingchao Shi  Jude Juventus Aweya  Xiaobo Wen 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(3):1264-1275

Hydroxyproline (Hyp) may play an important role in collagen metabolism, as it is almost exclusively found in collagen. To examine this possibility, a 56‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of graded supplementaries of Hyp (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 g/kg dry diet weight) on growth performance, feed utilization, biochemical composition and collagen synthesis of chu's croaker, Nibea coibor (13.6 ± 0.28 g). The growth performance and feed utilization were improved with increased levels of dietary Hyp, reaching a maximum at 5 g/kg (diet H2) followed by a slight decrease. Polynomial regression analysis showed that the maximum specific growth rate (SGR) was attained at 7.177 g/kg dietary Hyp. Increasing levels of Hyp did not affect body composition of juvenile Nibea coibor. However, dietary Hyp supplementation significantly affected the levels of Leu, Ile, Met, Lys, Ser, Glu and Pro in muscle and the levels of Met, Lys, Glu, Pro and Gly in swim bladder. The serum calcium (SC) level decreased significantly with increasing levels of dietary Hyp. However, the triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (T‐CH) levels in serum and liver were relatively stable. Importantly, the acid‐soluble collagen (ASC) and total collagen (TC) levels in swim bladder increased significantly initially and then decreased after reaching a maximum. Polynomial regression analysis revealed that the maximum TC level in swim bladder was attained at 9.736 g/kg of dietary Hyp. Collectively, these results suggest that the appropriate provision of hydroxyproline is essential for maximal collagen synthesis and growth.  相似文献   

30日龄翘嘴鳜形态性状与体质量之间的关系     

刘国兴  孙海峰  郑友  郝忱  丁淑燕  郑啸宇  史杨白 《水产养殖》2019,(10):6-11

为确定适于翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)人工选育的理想测度指标,随机选取200尾30日龄翘嘴鳜,测定其体质量(y)、全长(x1)、体长(x2)、吻长(x3)、眼径(x4)、体厚(x5)、体高(x6)、头长(x7)、尾柄长(x8)和尾柄高(x9)共10个指标,采用相关分析、通径分析和多元回归分析,探讨了30日龄翘嘴鳜形态性状与体质量之间的关系。结果表明,30日龄翘嘴鳜体质量变异系数最大(达26.73%),各形态性状与体质量的相关系数均达到极具统计学意义水平(P<0.01)。模型拟合结果显示,体高、体长、尾柄长和体厚4个形态性状与体质量的最优模型决定系数R2达0.935。这4个形态性状中,体高对体质量的直接作用(0.452)和决策系数(0.634)均为最大,说明体高为主要决策变量。利用逐步回归分析方法,建立的多元回归方程为:y=-0.672+0.053x6+0.019x2+0.015x8+0.019x5。该研究为翘嘴鳜选育工作提供了理论依据和技术参数。  相似文献