RETRACTED ARTICLE: The effectiveness of green infrastructure as a climate adaptation strategy for intensively-used landscapes: an example of the great crested newt     

Astrid?J.?A.?van?TeeffelenEmail author  Claire?C.?Vos  Rene?Jochem  Johannes?M.?Baveco  Henk?Meeuwsen  Jelle?P.?Hilbers 《Landscape Ecology》2016,31(2):467-467

  相似文献   

Amylopectin structure and crystallinity explains variation in digestion kinetics of starches across botanic sources in an in vitro pig model     

Bianca M.J.Martens  Walter J.J.Gerrits  Erik M.A.M.Bruininx  Henk A.Schols 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2019,(1)

Background: Starch is the main source of energy in commonly used pig diets.Besides effects related to the extent of starch digestion,also several effects related to variation in digestion rate have recently been demonstrated in non-ruminants.Different rates of starch digestion in animals and in in vitro models have been reported,depending on the botanic origin of starch.Starches from different botanic sources differ widely in structural and molecular properties.Predicting the effect of starch properties on in vitro digestion kinetics based on existing literature is hampered by incomplete characterization of the starches,or by a selective choice of starches from a limited number of botanic sources.This research aimed to analyse the relationships between starch properties and in vitro digestion kinetics of pure starches isolated from a broad range of botanic origins,which are used in non-ruminant diets or have a potential to be used in the future.Therefore we studied starch digestion kinetics of potato,pea,corn,rice,barley,and wheat starches,and analysed the granule diameter,number of pores,type and amount of crystalline structure,amylose content and amylopectin side-chain length of all starches.Results: Multivariate analysis revealed strong correlations among starch properties,leading us to conclude that effects of most starch characteristics are strongly interrelated.Across all analysed botanic sources,crystalline type and amylopectin chain length showed the strongest correlation with in vitro digestion kinetics.Increased percentages of A–type crystalline structure and amylopectin side chains of DP 6–24 both increased the rate of digestion.In addition,within,but not across,(clusters of) botanic sources,a decrease in amylose content and increase in number of pores correlated positively with digestion kinetics.Conclusion: The type of crystalline structure and amylopectin chain length distribution of starch correlate significantly with digestion kinetics of starches across botanic sources in an in vitro pig model.Variation in digestion kinetics across botanic sources is not additively explained by other starch properties measured,but appears to be confined within botanical sources.  相似文献   

Virulence-associated gene profiling of Streptococcus suis isolates by PCR   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

Silva LM  Baums CG  Rehm T  Wisselink HJ  Goethe R  Valentin-Weigand P 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,115(1-3):117-127

Definition of virulent Streptococcus suis strains is controversial. One successful approach for identification of virulent European strains is differentiation of capsular serotypes (or the corresponding cps types) and subsequent detection of virulence-associated factors, namely the extracellular factor (EF, epf), the muramidase-released protein (MRP, mrp) and the hemolysin suilysin (SLY, sly). In this work we present a novel multiplex PCR (MP-PCR) and an mrp variant PCR for identification and characterization of virulent S. suis strains. These new methods were used to identify association of disease with particular profiles of virulence-associated genes. The MP-PCR allowed identification of S. suis through detection of the housekeeping gene gdh, differentiation of four cps types (1, 2, 7 and 9), and detection of epf, mrp, sly and arcA (arginine deiminase from S. suis). Furthermore, this study describes the first PCR assay for differentiation of at least six mrp variants. Expression of the corresponding size variants of MRP was shown for four of the six mrp variants, but was undetectable for the two larger mrp variants in the particular strains investigated. The results of this study suggest that cps7 strains are associated with pneumonia and that variation of mrp is very pronounced among these strains. Gene profiles of invasive, pneumonia and carrier S. suis isolates by combination of PCR assays allowed differentiation of 24 different genotypes among cps1, 2, 7 and 9 strains. Forty-five percent of the invasive S. suis diseases investigated in this study were caused by only two of these genotypes, namely cps2/mrp+/epf+/sly+ and cps9/mrp(*)/epf-/sly+. Thus, this study demonstrates for the first time a uniform profile of the particular virulence-associated genes for the vast majority of the investigated invasive cps9 strains.  相似文献   

Simulating Escherichia coli O157:H7 transmission to assess effectiveness of interventions in Dutch dairy-beef slaughterhouses     

Vosough Ahmadi B  Velthuis AG  Hogeveen H  Huirne RB 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2006,77(1-2):15-30

Beef contamination with Escherichia coli O157:H7 (VTEC) is an important food-safety issue. To investigate the effectiveness of interventions against VTEC in Dutch beef industrial slaughterhouses that slaughter 500 dairy cattle per day, a Monte Carlo simulation model was built. We examined seven carcass-antimicrobial interventions, namely: hot-water wash, lactic-acid rinse, trim, steam-vacuum, steam-pasteurization, hide-wash with ethanol and gamma irradiation, and their combinations. The estimated daily prevalence of contaminated beef-carcass quarters as the output of the model was 9.2%. Contaminated was defined as containing one or more CFU on the surface of a carcass quarter at the end of the quartering stage. Single interventions (except irradiation) could reduce the prevalence to from 6.2% to 1.7%, whereas the combination of interventions could lower it to from 1.2% to 0.1%. The most powerful intervention was irradiation, which could reduce the prevalence to <0.1%. The results of this study indicate that application of single interventions might be useful, although not sufficient. Hence, a combination of interventions along the slaughter process is the more promising approach to reduce the prevalence of contaminated beef quarters.  相似文献   

Sub-lethal levels of carvacrol reduce Salmonella Typhimurium motility and invasion of porcine epithelial cells     

Inamuco J  Veenendaal AK  Burt SA  Post JA  Tjeerdsma-van Bokhoven JL  Haagsman HP  Veldhuizen EJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,157(1-2):200-207

The European ban on the use of antibiotic growth promotors has increased the search for new alternatives to prevent pig intestinal microbial diseases and to stimulate growth. The addition of essential oils or components thereof, such as carvacrol, to pig feed is a promising alternative. In this report we determined the effect of sub-lethal concentrations of carvacrol on Salmonella Typhimurium. At concentrations where growth of Salmonella was not inhibited, carvacrol completely inhibited motility of the bacterium. This loss of motility was not due to the loss of the flagellum or to ATP shortage upon carvacrol treatment. Adhesion of Salmonella to IPEC-J2, porcine intestinal epithelial cells, was not affected by carvacrol but invasion was significantly reduced. In addition, the epithelial gene expression of porcine β-defensin 2, an innate immune response to Salmonella infection, was reduced when Salmonella was exposed to carvacrol. This indicates that invasion but not adhesion of Salmonella triggers the porcine β-defensin 2 expression of porcine epithelial cells.  相似文献   

Cost estimation of heifer mastitis in early lactation by stochastic modelling     

Huijps K  De Vliegher S  Lam T  Hogeveen H 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,134(1-2):121-127

Heifer mastitis, reflected by an elevated somatic cell count (SCC) in early lactation (SCCel), results in a decreased milk production, a higher risk for subclinical and clinical mastitis during lactation, and an elevated culling hazard. The aims of this study were to calculate the costs of heifer mastitis defined as an elevated SCC in early lactation, and to show the variation of these costs in the Dutch/Belgian dairy sector. A stochastic model, in which the variation and uncertainty of heifer mastitis are taken into the account, was developed with input data from literature and expertise. Costs were estimated, using default values. The mean costs for an elevated SCCel that cured were on average euro 13/heifer present on a farm (range: euro 0-118), for an elevated SCC at calving proceeding in subclinical mastitis on average euro 5/heifer present on a farm (range: euro 0-euro 82), and for a clinical heifer mastitis case associated with an elevated SCC after calving on average euro 270. On average this results in euro 13/heifer present on a farm (range: euro 0-137). Combined, these three cost aspects result in a total cost of on average euro 31/heifer present on a farm (range: euro 0-220). The large variation in the costs is very important regarding farm management and farm support. The difference in costs reflects also the difference in room for investment. When the costs that can be prevented are estimated at farm level, these data can be of help in setting goals in herd health advice and farm management.  相似文献   

Veterinary antibiotic use: what is different in Denmark?     

Vaarkamp H  Pellicaan C 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2005,130(6):182-183

  相似文献   

CMAP27, a novel chicken cathelicidin-like antimicrobial protein   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

van Dijk A  Veldhuizen EJ  van Asten AJ  Haagsman HP 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2005,106(3-4):321-327

  相似文献   

Determination of functional and morphologic changes in palmar digital nerves after nonfocused extracorporeal shock wave treatment in horses     

Bolt DM  Burba DJ  Hubert JD  Strain GM  Hosgood GL  Henk WG  Cho DY 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(12):1714-1718

OBJECTIVE: To determine functional and morphologic changes in palmar digital nerves after nonfocused extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) treatment in horses. ANIMALS: 6 horses. PROCEDURES: The medial and lateral palmar digital nerves of the left forelimb were treated with nonfocused ESWs. The medial palmar digital nerve of the right forelimb served as a nontreated control nerve. At 3, 7, and 35 days after treatment, respectively, 2 horses each were anesthetized and nerves were surgically exposed. Sensory nerve conduction velocities (SNCVs) of treated and control nerves were recorded, after which palmar digital neurectomies were performed. Morphologic changes in nerves were assessed via transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Significantly lower SNCV in treated medial and lateral nerves, compared with control nerves, was found 3 and 7 days after treatment. A significantly lower SNCV was detected in treated medial but not lateral nerves 35 days after treatment. Transmission electron microscopy of treated nerves revealed disruption of the myelin sheath with no evidence of damage to Schwann cell bodies or axons, 3, 7, and 35 days after treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Nonfocused ESW treatment of the metacarpophalangeal area resulted in lower SNCV in palmar digital nerves. This effect likely contributes to the post-treatment analgesia observed in horses and may result in altered peripheral pain perception. Horses with preexisting lesions may be at greater risk of sustaining catastrophic injuries when exercised after treatment.  相似文献   

Uncertainty analysis of a spatial habitat suitability model and implications for ecological management of water bodies   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Guda E. M. Van der Lee  Diederik T. Van der Molen  Henk F. P. Van den Boogaard  Hanneke Van der Klis 《Landscape Ecology》2006,21(7):1019-1032

Habitat suitability index (HSI) models have been generally accepted in ecological management as a means to predict effects of pressures and restoration measures on habitats and populations. HSI-models estimate habitat suitability from relevant habitat variables. Because outcomes of HSI-studies may have significant consequences, it is crucial to have insight into the uncertainties of the predictions. In this study a method for uncertainty analysis, using Monte Carlo simulations, was developed and applied for a HSI-model of pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus) in Lake IJsselmeer, The Netherlands. Uncertainties in both habitat model functions and in input data were considered. The magnitude of the uncertainties in model functions were estimated by a panel of experts, and the uncertainty was highest at intermediate values of the suitability index (0.4–0.6). Uncertainty in the predicted habitat suitability is spatially correlated with variations in environmental habitat variables such as water quality and substrate. The estimated uncertainty may be considered acceptable for the purposes of water management, namely directing ecological rehabilitation and conservation activities. However, the uncertainties may be too high to meet the accuracy requirements of legislation such as the EU Bird and Habitat directive.  相似文献