大麦成熟胚胚性愈伤组织的高频诱导和植株再生   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

严华军  王君晖 《作物学报》1996,22(1):58-65

大麦成熟胚的初代愈伤组织是水质、柔软的非胚性愈伤组织，在继代培养中能以一定频率出现胚性愈伤组织。本文研究了基因型、有机添加物和胚切割等因素对大麦胚性愈伤组织诱导频率的影响。结果表明：供试的１０个大麦品种在胚性愈伤组织诱导率和植株再生率上有显著差异；培养基中添加水解酷蛋白、Ｌ－脯氨酸以及提高维生素Ｂ１和肌醇的浓度可以促进胚性愈伤组织的形成；胚芽段比全胚或胚根段更易形成胚性愈伤组织。胚性愈伤组织转入无  相似文献   

农村沼气-秸秆气-太阳能"三能合一"综合运行模式探讨——以天津市邦均镇示范工程为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张克强  黄治平  王风  王斌  孟庆海  杨鹏  李军幸  于丹 《中国农学通报》2007,23(11):420-423

介绍了农村沼气-秸秆气-太阳能"三能合一"综合运行模式,以邦均镇为例对"三能合一"模式进行了经济、生态和社会效益分析。分析表明,"三能合一"综合运行模式可以改善农村环境卫生状况,还能生产可再生能源,同时沼渣和沼液可以作为优质有机肥循环利用,该模式的技术和产品还可商业化,能取得良好的经济、生态和社会效益。  相似文献   

Genetic mapping of loci determining long glumes in the genus Triticum   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H.-J. Wang  X.-Q. Huang  M.S. Röder  A. Börner 《Euphytica》2002,123(2):287-293

Elongated glumes are present in thetetraploid wheat species T.polonicum, T. turanicum, T.durum convar. falcatum and in thehexaploid species T. petropavlovskyi.Inheritance of glume length was studiedwith the aim to map the respective lociusing wheat microsatellite markers. In T. polonicum and T. petropavlovskyiloci conferring long glume were mapped nearthe centromere on chromosome 7A. These twoloci are designated P-A ^pol 1 andP-A ^pet 1, respectively. It isshown that both are probably homoeoallelicto each other and to the P gene ofT. ispahanicum on chromosome 7B. The loci determining elongated glumes in T. turanicum and T. durum conv. falcatum are not homoeologous to the P loci in the centromeric region of thegroup 7 chromosomes.  相似文献   

冰葡萄酒生产及其在我国的发展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄卫东  李景明  王秀芹 《农产品加工．学刊》2005,(Z2)

生产冰酒的关键是原料,葡萄必须在自然条件下冰冻在葡萄藤上,采摘温度控制在-15℃￣-8℃。真正的冰葡萄酒来自于优质葡萄品种,并用独特的生产工艺酿制。冰酒在国际市场上是珍品,是一个极具开发潜力的产业,在我国刚刚起步,随着基地建设和成熟配套技术的推广,将具有更大的市场和发展。  相似文献   

Estimation of genetic variance components and heritabilities for cut-flower yield in gerbera using least squares and maximum likelihood methods     

James Harding  Hongzhan Huang  Thomas Byrne 《Euphytica》1996,88(1):55-60

Summary Genetic variance components and heritability were estimated for cut-flower yield of gerbera in the Davis population using ordinary least squares and maximum likelihood methods. The overall estimate of narrow-sense heritability is 0.33 based on least squares (LS) and 0.31 based on maximum likelihood (ML). The results of the study indicate that (1) ML and LS provide very similar results if sample size is large enough, suggesting both are useful for plant breeding programs; (2) about one third of the variation in gerbera cut-flower yield is additive, implying selection in cut-flower will be successful; and (3) although additive variation gradually decreased, heritability remained near 0.27 suggesting there is still potential variation in the population for further selection.  相似文献   

γ射线辐照水稻成熟花粉的杂交后代突变效应分析   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5  

王侯聪  邱思密  陈如铭  方亚顺  杨觉民  黄厚哲  黄育民 《分子植物育种》2003,1(1):33-41

本研究建立了一套简便、行之有效的水稻成熟花粉辐照诱变技术的工作程序，解决了水稻成熟花粉保鲜的技术难关，提出了水稻成花粉适宜诱变剂量为46Gy左右，确认了辐照花粉杂交后代以产生数量性状突变为主，第三代较第二代出现更多的突变性状，扩大了突变幅度，而且随着世代的递增，突变性状有累加的现象，大部分株系在第五代即可稳定。利用本项技术获得了一批熟期提早或推迟15天以上，株高变矮或增高10cm以上、稻谷增长5mm，米长增加4．4mm，长宽比最大达4．5，千粒重较起始种增减10-23g等特殊性状的一批新种质。本研究初步认为水稻成熟花粉辐照诱变主要是诱发DNA位点的突变，同时存在隐性突变，在水稻及其它作物育种中具有应用前景。  相似文献   

Molecular mapping of powdery mildew resistance genes in wheat: A review   总被引：40，自引：3，他引：40  

Xiu-Qiang Huang  Marion S. Röder 《Euphytica》2004,137(2):203-223

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (syn. Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici), is one of the most important diseases of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Molecular mapping and cloning of genes for resistance to powdery mildew in hexaploid wheat will facilitate the study of molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to powdery mildew diseases and help understand the structure and function of powdery mildew resistance genes, and permit marker-assisted selection in breeding programs. So far, 48 genes/alleles for resistance to powdery mildew at 32 loci have been identified and located on 16 different chromosomes, of which 21 resistance genes/alleles have been tagged by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), random-amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs), sequence-tagged sites (STS) or simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for adult plant resistance (APR) to powdery mildew have been associated with molecular markers. The detailed information on chromosomal location and molecular mapping of these genes has been reviewed. Isolation of powdery mildew resistance genes and development of valid molecular markers for pyramiding resistance genes in breeding programs is also discussed.  相似文献   

杨属ITS序列的分子进化特点分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

史全良  诸葛强  黄敏仁  王明庥 《分子植物育种》2006,4(2):255-261

本文通过对杨属5组代表种并以柳属中旱柳的ITS序列作为参照,用成对比较的方法对杨属21个植物样品的ITS序列比较发现,杨属ITS序列的碱基替换情况是转换数大于颠换数,ITS-1序列中碱基发生转换和颠换的数目基本相似,而ITS-2序列中碱基发生转换的数目远远大于颠换。用朱克斯和坎托一参数模型和木村二参数模型对杨属ITS序列的替换率计算,无论是ITS-1还是ITS-2序列都没有达到数理统计上的明显差异。但由于ITS-2序列碱基的变化转换大大高于颠换,所以二参数模型计算所得结果大于一参数模型;采用相对速率测验法,对杨属各组分子进化相对速率进行了检测,结果分析得知,杨属5组的ITS序列分子进化速率有差异。杨属各组的ITS-1序列比较说明,大叶杨组、青杨组、黑杨组的进化速率都小于白杨组,而胡杨组则是进化速率最快的,大叶杨组的进化速率小于青杨组、胡杨组和黑杨组,黑杨组和胡杨组大于青杨组;ITS-2序列比较发现白杨组是进化速率最慢,其次是大叶杨组、青杨组,而黑杨组则稍大于胡杨组;总ITS序列比较是大叶杨组和黑杨组相对较慢,胡杨组最快;但就总的碱基替换分析,除了黑杨组和大叶杨组在ITS-1区间及青杨组、胡杨组和白杨组在ITS-2区间进化速率有显著差异外,其余组间都无显著的差异,尤其是在整个ITS序列区段碱基替换的差异都无显著差异。  相似文献   

Genetic analysis and pyramiding of two gall midge resistance genes (Gm-2 and Gm-6t) in rice ( Oryza sativa L.)   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Sanjay Katiyar  Satish Verulkar  Girish Chandel  Yang Zhang  Bingchao Huang  John Bennett 《Euphytica》2001,122(2):327-334

Asian rice gall midge (Orseolia oryzae) is a major pest across much of south and southeast Asia. This pest is genetically diverse and many gall midge biotypes are known to exist in each country. During the last three decades, host plant resistance has proved to be the most effective mechanism of controlling the Asian rice gall midge. Seven genes conditioning resistance to gall midge larvae have been identified in rice (Oryza sativa) and are being used in cultivar improvement programs. However, some of these genes are rendered ineffective by new gall midge biotypes. Increased understanding of genetics, inheritance, allelic relationships and linkage is necessary to maximise the durability of major gene resistance by the pyramiding of these genes. The two genes, Gm-2 and Gm-6(t), are known to confer resistance against a number of biotypes in India and China, respectively. An F₃ population derived from a cross between Duokang #1 (donor of Gm-6(t)) and Phalguna (donor of Gm-2) was screened against Chinese gall midge biotype 4 at Guangdong, China, and Indian gall midge biotype 1 at Raipur, India. At each location, separately,a single gene governed resistance. The parallel segregation of 417 F₃progenies for both biotypes at two locations revealed that recombination had occurred between the two genes, establishing that the two genes are not allelic. However, the two genes Gm-2 and Gm-6(t), were found to be linked with a distance of ∼16.3 cM. A number of lines homozygous at one locus and segregating for the other locus were identified and selected. These lines were selfed to obtain lines homozygous for the favourable alleles at both loci (two locus pyramids). This is the first report on use of conventional host-pest interaction method for pyramiding two closely located Gm-resistance loci of dissimilar effects. The implications of deployment of these pyramids within and across country borders, with reference to the prevailing gall midge populations are discussed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

微生物对烤烟叶片烟碱含量的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李梅云  雷丽萍  郭荣君  缪作清  杨硕媛  黄茂华  赵坤芬 《中国农学通报》2006,22(9):94-94

此项研究用微生物菌株培养液喷洒烤烟采收后上、中部烟叶，烘烤结束后测定烟叶化学成分及内在品质的变化情况。结果表明，供试菌株对烟叶化学成分和评吸品质均有一定的影响。各菌株对不同部位的烟碱含量影响显著，中部烟叶1~6号菌株处理以4号菌株效果最好，烟碱降解率达36.9%；上部烟叶1~11号菌株处理以9号菌株效果最好，烟碱降解率达37.25%，其次依次为10号、4号菌株，烟碱降解率分别为22.80%、19.86%；就4号、9号、10号菌株处理的烤烟单体烟叶感官质量评吸结果表明，4#、9#菌株处理综合得分均高于CK，处理后香气量有所提高，香气质有改善，劲头明显下降，刺激性明显减弱，杂气明显减轻，余味好于CK。  相似文献