Insecticidal activity of the pyrethrins and related compounds. Part XI. Relative potencies of isomeric cyano-substituted 3-phenoxybenzyl esters     

Michael Elliott  Andrew W. Farnham  Norman F. Janes  David M. Soderlund 《Pest management science》1978,9(2):112-116

The insecticidal activities to Musca domestica L. and Phaedon cochleariae Fab. of a series of 3-phenoxybenzyl pyrethroid esters with a cyano substituent at the 2-, 6-. (R)-α-, or (S)-α-position are compared with those of the unsubstituted analogues. Only an (S)-α-substituent enhances activity; others diminish or almost eliminate it. (RS)-α-mixtures are generally less active than would be predicted from the potencies of their separate constituents.  相似文献   

The pyrethrins and related compounds. Part XXV: Synthesis and insecticidal activity of conformationally restrained compounds related to 3-phenoxybenzyl esters     

Michael Elliott  Andrew W. Farnham  Norman F. Janes  Bhupinder P. S. Khambay 《Pest management science》1981,12(5):503-508

Derivatives of 3-phenoxybenzyl pyrethroidal esters were synthesised in which rotation about the benzylic C-1–C-α bond was restricted by an additional bridging ring. The insecticidal activities of these compounds to houseflies (Musca dornestica) and mustard beetles (Phaedon cochleariae) depended on the size of the bridging unit and on whether it joined C-α to C-2 or C-6 of the benzyl nucleus. The results obtained are considered in relation to current correlations of the structures with the activities of pyrethroids.  相似文献   

The pyrethrins and related compounds. Part XXII. Preparation of isomeric cyano-substituted 3-phenoxybenzyl esters     

Michael Elliott  Norman F. Janes  David A. Pulman  David M. Soderlund 《Pest management science》1978,9(2):105-111

Preparation of 3-phenoxybenzyl chrysanthemates and their dihalovinyl analogues substituted with a cyano group at the 2-, 6-, (R)-α-, or (S)-α- positions is described. The (R)- and (S)- isomers of α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl esters of 2,2-difluoro-, -dichloro-, and -dibromo-vinyl analogues of cis- and trans- chrysanthemic acid are separated chromatographically, as are the separate pairs of enantiomers of fenvalerate, (RS)-α- cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (RS)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate. An optically active ester of α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol (obtained using D -oxynitrilase) with 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid is synthesised.  相似文献   

Anterior amelia     

RM DeBowes DVM  MS  HW Leipold DMV  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1984,4(3):133-135

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Chondrogenic differentiation potential of adult and fetal equine cell types     

Emma N. Adam  Jennifer Janes  Rachael Lowney  Joshua Lambert  Parvathy Thampi  Arnold Stromberg  James N. MacLeod 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2019,48(3):375-387

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The pyrethrins and related compounds. Part XXXVII. synthesis and insecticidal properties of new 1-aryl-1-(3-arylpropyl and -propenyl)cyclopropanes (non-ester pyrethroids)     

Andrew W. Farnham  Anderson Ifill  Norman F. Janes  Tariq Javed  Bhupinder P. S. Khambay 《Pest management science》1990,28(1):25-34

New routes to the title compounds, involving improved conditions for the cyclopropanation, and a new method of constructing the central three-carbon unit (based on the coupling of a Grignard reagent with an allylic acetate) give access to products for which the previously reported route was not satisfactory. For the new route, a synthesis of 5-bromo-2-fluoro-diphenyl ether was developed. Previously deduced relationships between structure and insecticidal activity apply for the new compounds: alkenes are generally more active than corresponding alkanes; substitution at the 3- or 4-position (but not the 2-) of the 1-aryl group can enhance activity. In addition, some fluorine-containing substituents lead to high activity.  相似文献   

林业发展所面临的形势及国民经济发展对林业的需求分析     

刘林福  胡禄业 《内蒙古林业调查设计》2002,25(1):1-3

文章着重分析了内蒙古当前林业发展形势及国民经济发展对林业的需求 ,并客观的论述了自治区林业发展的有利条件和制约因素 ,希望能够对今后的林业建设有所帮助 ,从而把握机遇 ,加快环境建设步伐 ,早日改善环境状况。  相似文献   

Synthesis and insecticidal activity of lipophilic amides. Part 4: The effect of substituents on the phenyl group of 6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienamides     

Michael Elliott  Andrew W. Farnham  Norman F. Janes  Diana M. Johnson  David A. Pulman 《Pest management science》1987,18(4):223-228

Substituted phenylacetaldehydes, made by homologation of the benzaldehydes by Wittig condensation with a methoxymethylene ylid, were condensed under Wadsworth-Emmons conditions to give the substituted N-(2-methylpropyl)-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienamides. Electron withdrawing substituents favoured the formation of the unwanted 3,5-diene isomer. Insecticidal activity was lowered by most substituents examined, but was retained or even enhanced by halogen atoms at the m- or p-positions. At the m-position, activity decreased as size of halogen increased.  相似文献   

Detection of resistance-associated point mutations of organophosphate-insensitive acetylcholinesterase in the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin)     

Nicola J. Hawkes  Robert W. Janes  John Vontas 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2005,81(3):154-163

We have recently identified two resistance-associated point mutations of organophosphate (OP)-insensitive acetylcholinesterase in the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae, the most important olive orchard pest world-wide. We have developed simple PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assays for each mutation, utilising an AccI restriction site created by Ile214Val, and a BssHII restriction site destroyed by a neutral change always accompanying the second mutation Gly488Ser. Samples from Greece homozygous for both mutations proved the most insensitive to dimethoate. The frequencies of these mutations in field-collected samples from several countries were investigated. Ninety-three percent of samples from Greece and Albania, where OPs have been extensively used in B. oleae control, were homozygous for both mutations. Resistance-associated alleles were detected at lower frequencies, but still with both mutations in conjunction in the majority of cases, in western Mediterranean countries with limited use of OPs. Samples from South Africa, however, did not have either of the resistance-associated mutations. The double mutation haplotype clearly confers a strong selective advantage in field populations of B. oleae exposed to OPs.  相似文献   

Structural and Functional Events on the Porcine Zona Pellucida During Maturation, Fertilization and Embryonic Development: a Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis     

HW Michelmann  D Rath  E Töpfer-Petersen  P Schwartz 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(6):594-602

Porcine oocytes and pre-implantation embryos from the same, as well as from different animals, have an extremely heterogeneous morphology of the zona pellucida (ZP) surface, as shown by scanning electron microscopy. For years, it has been believed that this heterogeneous morphology plays an important role in the sperm-oocyte interaction. The aim of this study was to analyse the zona morphology and sperm-binding patterns on the porcine ZP. Oocytes were divided into four categories: immature, matured in vivo, or matured in vitro over a time period of 24 or 48 h. The zona morphology of early embryos grown in vivo or in vitro was also investigated. Four different types of zona morphology were detectable. They ranged from a porous, net-like structure to a nearly smooth and compact surface. No correlation could be established between the different kinds of maturation in terms of these zona types. All oocytes exhibited extremely heterogeneous zona morphologies, with no clear trend. During subsequent in vivo embryo development, the zona surface changes from a porous structure to one with a compact surface, while the morphology of in vitro embryos remained compact at all stages of development. The analysis of the number and distribution patterns of spermatozoa trapped in the ZP revealed extremely variable patterns, regardless of the zona morphology. Differences were only present if sorted or unsorted spermatozoa were used for insemination. Regardless of the number of inseminated spermatozoa after sorting, only a few (1-2) could be detected on the ZP. Whether oocytes were matured in vivo or in vitro was not a relevant factor. Unsorted spermatozoa bound in higher numbers than sorted ones. The number was directly dependent on the number of spermatozoa used for insemination.  相似文献