Avian influenza. Surprising twist in debate over lab-made H5N1     

Cohen J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6073):1155-1156

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Avian influenza. The limits of avian flu studies in ferrets     

Cohen J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6068):512-513

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HIV/AIDS. Dreams meet realities at AIDS conference     

J Cohen 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6094):509-510

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Disseminated pheochromocytoma in a North American river otter (Lontra canadensis)     

Schlanser JR  Patterson JS  Kiupel M  Hencken C  Sikarskie JG  Harrison TM 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2012,43(2):407-411

A 21-yr-old male North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) with a chronic history of degenerative osteoarthritis was evaluated for acute posterior paralysis. Because no definitive cause was identified and a poor prognosis was expected, the otter was euthanatized. A malignant neoplasm of adrenal gland origin with disseminated metastases to the central nervous system, lymph nodes, diaphragm, pancreas, spleen, and liver was diagnosed on postmortem examination. No clinical signs of disseminated neoplasia had been noted throughout the otter's history. The adrenal neoplasm was composed of nests of epithelial cells surrounded by a fine fibrovascular stroma. Neoplastic cells were immunohistochemically positive for chromogranin A, PGP9.5, metencephalin, and endorphin and negative for melan A and inhibin, confirming a diagnosis of a malignant pheochromocytoma. On the basis of the necropsy finding, metastasis of the pheochromocytoma might have contributed to the observed clinical signs.  相似文献   

Genetic variation in the 5′UTR of the KRT2.13 gene of sheep     

Grant W. MCKENZIE  Reena ARORA  Jon G. H. HICKFORD 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(3):194-198

KRT2.13 is a type II keratin wool intermediate filament (IF) protein. Extensive variation was revealed in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of the ovine KRT2.13 gene (KRT2.13) using polymerase chain reaction – single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) analysis. Nine unique PCR‐SSCP patterns were obtained with individual sheep having either one (homozygous), or a combination of two (heterozygous) of these patterns. Seven of the amplicons that produced the apparently homozygous patterns were successfully sequenced (GenBank FJ217670 – FJ217676), revealing eight single nucleotide insertions, 10 single nucleotide substitutions, a nucleotide deletion and a 16 nucleotide insertion that occurred in only one of the sequences. The seven sequences showed between 85% and 95% homology to the previously identified KRT2.13 sequence (GenBank X72379). This study emphasizes the power of PCR‐SSCP analysis in genotyping, as this extensive variation was found in only 100 sheep, of a variety of breeds. Since variation in the 5′UTR of genes may affect their expression, this genetic variation needs to be further studied to establish its role if any, in influencing gene expression and consequently wool traits.  相似文献   

Comparison of antigen detection and quantitative PCR in the detection of chlamydial infection in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)     

Jon Hanger  Joanne Loader  Charles Wan  Kenneth W. Beagley  Peter Timms  Adam Polkinghorne 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2013,195(3):391-393

The gold standard method for detecting chlamydial infection in domestic and wild animals is PCR, but the technique is not suited to testing animals in the field when a rapid diagnosis is frequently required. The objective of this study was to compare the results of a commercially available enzyme immunoassay test for Chlamydia against a quantitative Chlamydia pecorum-specific PCR performed on swabs collected from the conjunctival sac, nasal cavity and urogenital sinuses of naturally infected koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus).The level of agreement for positive results between the two assays was low (43.2%). The immunoassay detection cut-off was determined as approximately 400 C. pecorum copies, indicating that the test was sufficiently sensitive to be used for the rapid diagnosis of active chlamydial infections.  相似文献   

Therapeutic Review: Colchicine     

Jon Romano 《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2013,22(4):405-408

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Clinical characterisation of noise sensitivity in dogs     

Jon Bowen  Paula Calvo  Antoni Bulbena  Jaume Fatjó 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2013,8(4):e44-e45

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美国目前和未来的保育猪饲养方案     

Bob Goodband  Jon Bergstrom  Mike Tokach  Joel DeRouchey  Steve Dritz  Jim Nelssen 《饲料工业》2013,(12)

在过去的20年内美国的猪产业发生了翻天覆地的变化。多址生产系统对畜群的健康和控制断奶仔猪链产生了极大的作用。然而一个成功的断奶仔猪营养方案其基本原则对于任何日龄断奶的仔猪来讲都是相似的。可以归纳成三点：①在断奶时,仔猪尽可能的体重大;②尽可能快的将日粮从复合日粮转化为简单日粮;③重点关注保育仔猪管理。此外,在美国过去的10年通过遗传选育的手段,使窝产仔数大约增加了1.5头,仔猪断奶的日龄也相应地增加到平均为19~23 d。当每头母猪产仔数增加以后,由于初生活仔数的增加,有更多体重轻的仔猪出生,这将是生产者所面临的挑战。因此,对生产者来说,了解影响初生体重轻的仔猪一生的生产性能以及收益的因素是非常必要的。  相似文献   

Review of Methods to Reduce Livestock Depredation II. Aversive conditioning,deterrents and repellents     

Martin E. Smith  John D. C. Linnell  John Odden  Jon E. Swenson 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(4):304-315

The use of aversive conditioning, repellents and deterrents in the management of predator-livestock problems is evaluated based on a comprehensive literature review, contact with leading authorities and visits to areas with similar predation problems. The status of these management tools is reported and their applicability under Scandinavian conditions evaluated. Aversive conditioning usually involves treating baits with an emetic compound (usually lithium chloride), and has shown inconsistent and inconclusive results. Repellents and deterrents include physical, chemical and acoustic stimuli or devices that cause predators to stop an unwanted behaviour or to retreat from an area. Chemical repellents are not particularly effective against coyotes but have been effective for wolverines and bears under some conditions (e.g. with the availability of untreated, alternative prey). Projectile repellents give an immediate, positive result with bears, but their use is limited. Visual and acoustic devices work well, but only for a limited time, as predators quickly habituate to these devices. To summarize, these methods generally show little promise in reducing livestock depredation on a large-scale or long-term basis, especially under the conditions prevailing in Scandinavia.  相似文献