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Kalpna Bhandari Kumari Sita Akanksha Sehgal Anjali Bhardwaj Pooran Gaur Shiv Kumar Sarvjeet Singh Kadambot H. M. Siddique P. V. Vara Prasad Uday Jha Harsh Nayyar 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(6):734-758
Increasing temperatures are adversely affecting various food crops, including legumes, and this issue requires attention. The growth of two cool-season food legumes, chickpea and lentil, is inhibited by high temperatures but their relative sensitivity to heat stress and the underlying reasons have not been investigated. Moreover, the high-temperature thresholds for these two legumes have not been well-characterised. In the present study, three chickpea (ICCVO7110, ICC5912 and ICCV92944) and two lentil (LL699 and LL931) genotypes, having nearly similar phenology with respect to flowering, were grown at 30/20°C (day/night; control) until the onset of flowering and subsequently exposed to varying high temperatures (35/25, 38/28, 40/30 and 42/32°C; day/night) in a controlled environment (growth chamber; 12 hr/12 hr; light intensity 750 µmol m−2 s−1; RH-70%) at 108 days after sowing for both the species. Phenology (podding, maturity) was accelerated in both the species; the days to podding declined more in lentil at 35/25 (2.8 days) and 38/28°C (11.3 days) than in chickpea (1.7 and 7.1 days, respectively). Heat stress decreased flowering–podding and podding–maturity intervals considerably in both the species. At higher temperatures, no podding was observed in lentil, while chickpea showed reduction of 14.9 and 16.1 days at 40/30 and 42/32°C, respectively. Maturity was accelerated on 15.3 and 12.5 days at 38/28°C, 33.6 and 34 days at 40/30°C and 45.6 and 47 days at 42/32°C, in chickpea and lentil, respectively. Consequently, biomass decreased considerably at 38/28°C in both the species to limit the yield-related traits. Lentil was significantly more sensitive to heat stress, with the damage—assessed as reduction in biomass, reproductive function-related traits (pollen viability, germination, pollen tube growth and stigma receptivity), leaf traits such as membrane injury, leaf water status, photochemical efficiency, chlorophyll concentration, carbon fixation and assimilation, and oxidative stress, appearing even at 35/25°C, compared with 38/28°C, in chickpea. The expression of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and non-enzymatic antioxidants declined remarkably with heat stress, more so in lentil than in chickpea. Carbon fixation (assessed as Rubisco activity) and assimilation (assessed as sucrose concentration, sucrose synthase activity) were also reduced more in lentil than in chickpea, at all the stressful temperatures, resulting in more inhibition of plant biomass (shoot + roots), damage to reproductive function and severe reduction in pods and seeds. At 38/28°C, lentil showed 43% reduction in biomass, while it declined by 17.2% in chickpea at the same time, over the control temperature (30/20°C). At this temperature, lentil showed 53% and 46% reduction in pods and seed yield, compared to 13.4% and 22% decrease in chickpea at the same temperature. At 40/30°C, lentil did not produce any pods, while chickpea was able to produce few pods at this temperature. This study identified that lentil is considerably more sensitive to heat stress than chickpea, as a result of more damage to leaves (photosynthetic ability; oxidative injury) and reproductive components (pollen function, etc.) at 35/25°C and above, at controlled conditions. 相似文献
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菜薹转录组中SSR信息与可用性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用菜薹转录组分析检测到48 975条unigene（38.17 Mb）序列数据,运用MIcroSAtellite（MISA）工具发现其中具有1 ~ 6个核苷酸重复类型的SSR位点11 879个,SSR位点发生频率为1/3.2 kb（312.5/Mb）。6种SSR位点类型中主要为1 ~ 3个核苷酸重复,占总SSR位点数的99.01%,其中单、二和三核苷酸类型分别为41.11%、28.23%和29.67%。发现重复序列的基序58个,重复次数在5 ~ 23之间,其中出现频率高的基序主要有A/T、AG/CT、AT/AT、AC/GT、AAG/CTT和AGG/CCT。重复序列长度在10 ~ 60 bp之间,大多小于20 bp,大于20 bp的仅有7.9%（938个SSR位点）。设计出676对具有潜在多态性的SSR引物组合,从中随机抽取30对引物进行PCR扩增验证其可用性,发现22对引物在4份菜薹种质中的扩增产物条带清晰稳定,其中12对引物具有多态性。 相似文献
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Changes in the protein and fat contents of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars released in China in the last 60 years 
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下载免费PDF全文 Peanut is an important oil and cash crop in China. We selected 540 peanut cultivars—released in three ecological regions of China (Yellow River, Yangtze River and Southeast Coast regions)—to examine changes in quality characters and pod yield in the last 60 years. From 1957 to 2016, crude fat, protein and pod yields in peanut cultivars increased significantly in the three regions. In contrast, the crude fat content, as opposed to its yield, did not change in the Yellow River region, increased in the Yangtze River region and decreased in the Southeast Coast region, and the protein content decreased in the Yellow and Yangtze River regions but did not change in the Southeast Coast region. Peanut cultivars grown in the Yellow and Yangtze River regions had higher mean crude fat contents, while those in the Southeast Coast region had higher mean protein contents. In future, breeders and farmers should pay more attention to high protein peanuts in the Southeast Coast region and high oil peanuts in the Yellow River and Yangtze River regions. 相似文献
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Jafar Ahmadi Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh Sedigheh Fabriki-Ourang Ali-Ashraf Mehrabi Kadambot HM Siddique 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(10):1351-1365
In this study, we selected 180 accessions from different wild relatives of wheat (Aegilops–Triticum species) and tested them in the presence of a tolerant and a sensitive control variety under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions. The results of analysis of variance for dry masses and all measured root traits showed that water regimes, accession and species main effects were highly significant. Drought stress significantly declined shoot dry mass (59.42%), root length (37.85%) and the total number of branch roots (36.25%), but increased the root-to-shoot ratio (75.00%), specific root length (64.19%) and root tissue density (29.46%). Principal component analysis for 182 individuals and 12 species groups identified two components that explained 75.67 and 82.39% of the total variation in dry mass and root traits under drought-stressed conditions, respectively. Taking together, our results identified 12 accessions with superior tolerance to drought stress. Remarkably, four species of wild relatives – Ae. cylindrica (DC genome), Ae. neglecta (UM genome), Ae. speltoides (B genome) and Ae. tauschii (D genome) – responded well to drought stress. The potential of these species could be used for molecular analysis such as marker assisted selection and gene mapping, ultimately aimed at breeding for root traits with improved adaptation to drought environments. 相似文献
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Bede?S.?MickanEmail author Lynette?K.?Abbott Jingwei?Fan Miranda?M.?Hart Kadambot?H.?M.?Siddique Zakaria?M.?Solaiman Sasha?N.?Jenkins 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2018,54(1):55-70
Applications of compost and clay to ameliorate soil constraints such as water stress are potential management strategies for sandy agricultural soils. Water repellent sandy soils in rain-fed agricultural systems limit production and have negative environmental effects associated with leaching and soil erosion. The aim was to determine whether compost and clay amendments in a sandy agricultural soil influenced the rhizosphere microbiome of Trifolium subterraneum under differing water regimes. Soil was amended with compost (2% w/w), clay (5% w/w) and a combination of both, in a glasshouse experiment with well-watered and water-stressed (70 and 35% field capacity) treatments. Ion Torrent 16S rRNA sequencing and Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis of functional gene prediction were used to characterise the rhizosphere bacterial community and its functional component involved in nitrogen (N) cycling and soil carbon (C) degradation. Compost soil treatments increased the relative abundance of copiotrophic bacteria, decreased labile C and increased the abundance of recalcitrant C degrading genes. Predicted N cycling genes increased with the addition of clay (N2 fixation, nitrification, denitrification) and compost + clay (N2 fixation, denitrification) and decreased with compost (for denitrification) amendment. Water stress did not alter the relative abundance of phylum level taxa in the presence of compost, although copiotrophic Actinobacteria increased in relative abundance with addition of clay and with compost + clay. A significant role of compost and clay under water stress in influencing the composition of rhizosphere bacteria and their implications for N cycling and C degradation was demonstrated. 相似文献
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Salmabi K. Assainar Lynette K. Abbott Bede S. Mickan Paul J. Storer Andrew S. Whiteley Kadambot H. M. Siddique Zakaria M. Solaiman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2020,56(3):381-394
More than half of the fertilizer applied to farmers’ field is lost, causing significant economic losses. To overcome this, a polymer-coated rock mineral fertilizer was investigated using... 相似文献
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Biao Zhang Ziyu Chen Xuejin Shi Shufang Wu Hao Feng Xiaodong Gao Kadambot H. M. Siddique 《Soil Use and Management》2023,39(1):557-570
Land use and land cover change (LULCC) directly affect the temporal and spatial change of soil erosion. As a typical governance watershed in the hilly and gully area of the Loess Plateau, the Jiuyuangou watershed has experienced significant LULCC in the past 10 years due to conversion of farmland to forests, economic construction, and cropland abandonment. However, the evolution process of soil erosion change and LULCC in the watershed is unclear, as is the relationship between the two. This study used satellite images to extract information on LULCC in the watershed and the Chinese soil loss equation (CSLE) model to evaluate the temporal and spatial evolution of soil erosion in the watershed from 2010 to 2020. The main results showed that (1) the continuous vegetation restoration project in the watershed reduced soil erosion from 2010 to 2015; however, the increased frequency of extreme rainfall events after 2015 reduced its impact. The annual average soil erosion modulus decreased from 10.85 t ha−1 year−1 in 2010 to 8.03 t ha−1 year−1 in 2015 but then increased to 10.57 t ha−1 year−1 in 2020; (2) the main land use and land cover (LULC) type in the Jiuyuangou watershed is grassland, accounting for 62% of the total area, followed by forestland, cropland, buildings, and water. Cropland has the largest multi-year average soil erosion modulus, followed by grassland and buildings, with forestland having the smallest; (3) significant spatial correlations occurred between soil erosion change and LULCC for common ‘no change’ and common ‘gain’ in the settlements, roads, and areas near the human influences with good soil and water conservation, but not other regions due to the influence of climatic factors (heavy rain events). Thus, we should repair terraces, control dams in the watershed, and actively conserve water and soil. This study provides a scientific reference for planning and managing water and soil conservation and ecological environment construction in the watershed. 相似文献